The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) was developed by Cannon-Spoor et al. 1982 for research use and has gained importance internationally. This scale is designed to measure the extent of attaining ...developmental goals premorbidly. The German version is presented here, with first data on the reliability and validity of the scale. In a sample of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients (n = 86) and healthy parents of the patients (n = 38), DSM-IV diagnosis was made and PAS and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) data were taken along with information on the course of the disorder. Using Cronbachs alpha, the estimated reliability for the scale and subscales lay between 0.809 and 0.931. High PAS scores, representing poor premorbid adjustment, correlated significantly with low age of onset, high PANSS scores, insidious onset, long hospitalisation, and serious course of the disorder. The threshold of PAS scores between healthy and sick probands was at 0.23. Patients with scores > 0.53 appeared to have an unfavourable course. With test results > 0.23, an odds ratio of 27.9 was ascertained (95% CI 9.39-82.89). The findings presented correspond with those from previous reports in literature.
A&A 574, A117 (2015) Multiwavelength observations have revealed the highly unusual properties of
the gamma-ray source PMN J1603-4904, which are difficult to reconcile with any
other well established ...gamma-ray source class. The object is either a very
atypical blazar or compact jet source seen at a larger angle to the line of
sight. In order to determine the physical origin of the high-energy emission
processes in PMN J1603-4904, we study the X-ray spectrum in detail. We
performed quasi-simultaneous X-ray observations with XMM-Newton and Suzaku in
2013 September, resulting in the first high signal-to-noise X-ray spectrum of
this source. The 2-10 keV X-ray spectrum can be well described by an absorbed
power law with an emission line at 5.44$\pm$0.05 keV (observed frame).
Interpreting this feature as a K{\alpha} line from neutral iron, we determine
the redshift of PMN J1603-4904 to be z=0.18$\pm$0.01, corresponding to a
luminosity distance of 872$\pm$54 Mpc. The detection of a redshifted X-ray
emission line further challenges the original BL Lac classification of PMN
J1603-4904. This result suggests that the source is observed at a larger angle
to the line of sight than expected for blazars, and thus the source would add
to the elusive class of gamma-ray loud misaligned-jet objects, possibly a
{\gamma}-ray bright young radio galaxy.
In the search for genetic factors contributing to tardive dyskinesia, dopamine receptor genes are considered major candidates. The dopamine D sub(3) receptor is of primary interest as dopamine D ...sub(3) receptor knock-out mice show locomotor hyperactivation resembling extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic treatment. Furthermore, Steen and colleagues (1997) recently reported an association between tardive dyskinesia and a dopamine D3 receptor gene variant. In the present study we tried to replicate this finding. We investigated 157 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder receiving long-term neuroleptic medication who never or persistently displayed tardive dyskinesia. As advanced age is a main risk factor for tardive dyskinesia, we also compared older patients with a long duration of schizophrenia not displaying tardive dyskinesia to younger patients with a shorter duration of the illness displaying tardive dyskinesia. However, we found no evidence that the dopamine D sub(3) receptor gene is likely to confer susceptibility to the development of tardive dyskinesia.
Dietary sodium and blood pressure Stamler, J. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL.)
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association,
(13 Nov 1996), 1996-Nov-13, Letnik:
276, Številka:
18
Journal Article
Supermassive black holes with masses of millions to billions of solar masses are commonly found in the centers of galaxies. Astronomers seek to image jet formation using radio interferometry, but ...still suffer from insufficient angular resolution. An alternative method to resolve small structures is to measure the time variability of their emission. Here, we report on gamma-ray observations of the radio galaxy IC 310 obtained with the MAGIC telescopes revealing variability with doubling time scales faster than 4.8 min. Causality constrains the size of the emission region to be smaller than 20\% of the gravitational radius of its central black hole. We suggest that the emission is associated with pulsar-like particle acceleration by the electric field across a magnetospheric gap at the base of the radio jet.
The IceCube Collaboration has announced the discovery of a neutrino flux in excess of the atmospheric background. Due to the steeply falling atmospheric background spectrum, events at PeV energies ...are most likely of extraterrestrial origin. We present the multiwavelength properties of the six radio brightest blazars positionally coincident with these events using contemporaneous data of the TANAMI blazar sample, including high-resolution images and spectral energy distributions. Assuming the X-ray to {\gamma}-ray emission originates in the photoproduction of pions by accelerated protons, the integrated predicted neutrino luminosity of these sources is large enough to explain the two detected PeV events.
We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0722, a gamma-ray pulsar detected as part of a blind survey of unidentified Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources being carried out on the volunteer ...distributed computing system, Einstein@Home. This newly discovered pulsar previously appeared as the most significant remaining unidentified gamma-ray source without a known association in the second Fermi-LAT source catalog (2FGL) and was among the top ten most significant unassociated sources in the recent third catalog (3FGL). PSR J1906+0722 is a young, energetic, isolated pulsar, with a spin frequency of \(8.9\) Hz, a characteristic age of \(49\) kyr, and spin-down power \(1.0 \times 10^{36}\) erg s\(^{-1}\). In 2009 August it suffered one of the largest glitches detected from a gamma-ray pulsar (\(\Delta f / f \approx 4.5\times10^{-6}\)). Remaining undetected in dedicated radio follow-up observations, the pulsar is likely radio-quiet. An off-pulse analysis of the gamma-ray flux from the location of PSR J1906+0722 revealed the presence of an additional nearby source, which may be emission from the interaction between a neighboring supernova remnant and a molecular cloud. We discuss possible effects which may have hindered the detection of PSR J1906+0722 in previous searches and describe the methods by which these effects were mitigated in this survey. We also demonstrate the use of advanced timing methods for estimating the positional, spin and glitch parameters of difficult-to-time pulsars such as this.
