We demonstrate a flip-chip-based approach to microwave measurements of Andreev bound states in a gate-tunable planar Josephson junction using inductively-coupled superconducting low-loss resonators. ...By means of electrostatic gating, we present control of both the density and transmission of Andreev bound states. Phase biasing of the device shifted the resonator frequency, consistent with the modulation of supercurrent in the junction. Two-tone spectroscopy measurements revealed an isolated Andreev bound state consistent with an average induced superconducting gap of \(184~\mathrm{\mu eV}\) and a gate-tunable transmission approaching \(0.98\). Our results represent the feasibility of using the flip-chip technique to address and study Andreev bound states in planar Josephson junctions, and they give a promising path towards microwave applications with superconductor-semiconductor two-dimensional materials.
We investigate the direction-dependent switching current in a flux-tunable four-terminal Josephson junction defined in an InAs/Al two-dimensional heterostructure. The device exhibits the Josephson ...diode effect, with switching currents that depend on the sign of the bias current. The superconducting diode efficiency, reaching a maximum of \(|\eta|\approx34\%\), is widely tunable - both in amplitude and sign - as a function of magnetic fluxes and gate voltages. Our observations are supported by a circuit model of three parallel Josephson junctions with non-sinusoidal current-phase relation. With respect to conventional Josephson interferometers, phase-tunable multiterminal Josephson junctions enable large diode efficiencies in structurally symmetric devices, where local magnetic fluxes break both time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries. Our work establishes a pathway to develop Josephson diodes with wide-range tunability and that do not rely on exotic materials or externally applied magnetic fields.
In hybrid Josephson junctions with three or more superconducting terminals coupled to a semiconducting region, Andreev bound states may form unconventional energy band structures, or Andreev matter, ...which are engineered by controlling superconducting phase differences. Here we report tunnelling spectroscopy measurements of three-terminal Josephson junctions realised in an InAs/Al heterostructure. The three terminals are connected to form two loops, enabling independent control over two phase differences and access to a synthetic Andreev band structure in the two-dimensional phase space. Our results demonstrate a phase-controlled Andreev molecule, originating from two discrete Andreev levels that spatially overlap and hybridise. Signatures of hybridisation are observed in the form of avoided crossings in the spectrum and band structure anisotropies in the phase space, all explained by a numerical model. Future extensions of this work could focus on addressing spin-resolved energy levels, ground state fermion parity transitions and Weyl bands in multiterminal geometries.
We report first results on a deep subthreshold production of the doubly strange hyperon Xi- in a heavy-ion reaction. At a beam energy of 1.76A GeV the reaction Ar+KCl was studied with the High ...Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer at SIS18/GSI. A high-statistics and high-purity Lambda sample was collected, allowing for the investigation of the decay channel Xi--->Lambdapi-. The deduced Xi-/(Lambda+Sigma0) production ratio of (5.6±1.2-1.7+1.8)×10-3 is significantly larger than available model predictions.
HADES is a secondary generation experiment operated at GSI Darmstadt with the main goal to study dielectron production in proton, pion and heavy ion induced reactions. The first part of the HADES ...mission is to reinvestigate the puzzling pair excess measured by the DLS collaboration in C+C and Ca+Ca collisions at 1A GeV. For this purpose dedicated measurements with the C+C system at 1 and 2A GeV were performed. The pair excess above a cocktail of free hadronic decays has been extracted and compared to the one measured by DLS. Furthermore, the excess is confronted with predictions of various model calculations.
In-situ synthesised semiconductor/superconductor hybrid structures became an important material platform in condensed matter physics. Their development enabled a plethora of novel quantum transport ...experiments with focus on Andreev and Majorana physics. The combination of InAs and Al has become the workhorse material and has been successfully implemented in the form of one-dimensional structures and two-dimensional electron gases. In contrast to the well-developed semiconductor parts of the hybrid materials, the direct effect of the crystal nanotexture of Al films on the electron transport still remains unclear. This is mainly due to the complex epitaxial relation between Al and the semiconductor. We present a study of Al films on shallow InAs two-dimensional electron gas systems grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with focus on control of the Al crystal structure. We identify the dominant grain types present in our Al films and show that the formation of grain boundaries can be significantly reduced by controlled roughening of the epitaxial interface. Finally, we demonstrate that the implemented roughening does not negatively impact either the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas or the basic superconducting properties of the proximitized system.
We report on recent data of e+e− pair emission in proton nucleus collisions at energies above the light vector meson production thresholds. Invariant mass distributions for the p+Nb system at Ekin ...3.5 GeV are compared to data from elementary p+p reactions at the same beam energy. We observe a constant π0/ω yield ratio for both systems but an excess in the mass region above the π0 mass. Furthermore we present here the normalization procedure that was applied to p+Nb collisions by measuring the production of negative pions in the HADES acceptance.
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