For the first time the method of an electron - photon spectroscopy (EPhS) has studied a luminescence of the molecules of the nitrogenous basis of nucleic acids adsorbed on the surface of graphite - a ...cytosine - under the influence of a bunch of electrons of low energies. The luminescence of three molecular strips with maxima at λ= 331, 427, 495 nm is revealed. The mechanism of formation of strips with maxima at λ= 331 nm and λ= 427 nm caused by excitement of π-electrons of a molecule of a cytosine from the main condition of S0 in the excited singlet Sn and triplet Tn state with their subsequent deactivation and radiation collapse. The radiation nature is discussed with a maximum at λ= 495 nm.
Site-specific variables that contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can be identified.
To evaluate the demographic, nutrition and growth characteristics of infants at risk ...for developing BPD at two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs: sites A and O).
Records of 306 infants of < or = corrected 30 weeks gestational age (GA) who survived to at least 36 weeks postmenstrual age were retrospectively reviewed. Data were obtained for maternal and neonatal demographics, weights, total fluids, calories, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake at birth, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of life.
BPD rates were not different at the two sites. No statistical differences were noted in the incidence of maternal chorioamnionitis, pregnancy-induced hypertension or use of antenatal steroids among infants who developed BPD (n = 169) and those who did not (n = 137). White race, birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant, sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus were significantly associated (all P < or =0.03) with BPD. After controlling for significant confounding variables, infants who developed BPD had significantly (P < 0.001) less weight gain, received less calories and fat in the first postnatal month. In the 26 to 28 weeks GA group, the odds of getting BPD were 5.4 (95%CI: 1.4 to 21.3) times greater for site A than site O (P = 0.017).
Our analysis suggests that while some decrease in BPD can be achieved by focusing on ventilation/oxygen use, this approach is unlikely to impact on the youngest infants.
In the past decade, thermal melt/thermal shift assays have become a common tool for identifying ligands and other factors that stabilize specific proteins. Increased stability is indicated by an ...increase in the protein’s melting temperature (Tm). In optimizing the assays for subsequent screening of compound libraries, it is important to minimize the variability of Tm measurements so as to maximize the assay’s ability to detect potential ligands. The authors present an investigation of Tm variability in recombinant proteins from Plasmodium parasites. Ligands of Plasmodium proteins are particularly interesting as potential starting points for drugs for malaria, and new drugs are urgently needed. A single standard buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl) permitted estimation of Tm for 58 of 61 Plasmodium proteins tested. However, with several proteins, Tm could not be measured with a consistency suitable for high-throughput screening unless alternative protein-specific buffers were employed. The authors conclude that buffer optimization to minimize variability in Tm measurements increases the success of thermal melt screens involving proteins for which a standard buffer is suboptimal.
Analysis of oversight systems is often conducted from a single disciplinary perspective and by using a limited set of criteria for evaluation. In this article, we develop an approach that blends risk ...analysis, social science, public administration, legal, public policy, and ethical perspectives to develop a broad set of criteria for assessing oversight systems. Multiple methods, including historical analysis, expert elicitation, and behavioral consensus, were employed to develop multidisciplinary criteria for evaluating oversight of emerging technologies. Sixty-six initial criteria were identified from extensive literature reviews and input from our Working Group. Criteria were placed in four categories reflecting the development, attributes, evolution, and outcomes of oversight systems. Expert elicitation, consensus methods, and multidisciplinary review of the literature were used to refine a condensed, operative set of criteria. Twenty-eight criteria resulted spanning four categories: seven development criteria, 15 attribute criteria, five outcome criteria, and one evolution criterion. These criteria illuminate how oversight systems develop, operate, change, and affect society. We term our approach "integrated oversight assessment" and propose its use as a tool for analyzing relationships among features, outcomes, and tradeoffs of oversight systems. Comparisons among historical case studies of oversight using a consistent set of criteria should result in defensible and evidence-supported lessons to guide the development of oversight systems for emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology.
Suppose
is a field with proper involution and of arbitrary characteristic. Additive maps, which do not increase rank-one on hermitian matrices with entries from
are classified. The result is then ...used to classify additive maps that do not increase minimal rank on the set of symmetric elements, relative to general involution on a matrix algebra.
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