Performance of the LHCb RICH detector at the LHC Adinolfi, M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Albrecht, E. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
05/2013, Letnik:
73, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHCb experiment has been taking data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN since the end of 2009. One of its key detector components is the Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system. This ...provides charged particle identification over a wide momentum range, from 2–100 GeV/
c
. The operation and control, software, and online monitoring of the RICH system are described. The particle identification performance is presented, as measured using data from the LHC. Excellent separation of hadronic particle types (
π
, K, p) is achieved.
Highlights • Prenatal stress increases glycolysis in the brain. • Reduction in the Krebs cycle in the hippocampus in animal model of depression. • Prenatal stress increases the sensitivity of brain ...tissue to adverse factors.
•Applicability of photoactive chitosan for visible-light pollutants degradation was proved.•Photoactive chitosan can be used in wide pH range.•Photoactive chitosan beans can be used several ...times.•Decrease of solution toxicity was much higher when natural sunlight was applied.
This study presents the potential application of photosensitive chitosan (chitosan with immobilized phthalocyanine) as singlet oxygen (1O2) generating structure for water pollutant degradation. The scientific goal of the studies was to determine process parameters of degradation through photosensitized oxidation using phthalocyanines immobilized on chitosan carrier particles. The influence of the pH, oxygen concentration, quantity of immobilized photosensitizer, irradiation intensity and multiple reuse of photoactive chitosan beans during benzylparaben (BeP) and 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) photodegradation were investigated.
The degradation occurs via the reaction of the xenobiotics with 1O2. It was demonstrated that photoactive chitosan beans can be used several times without losing photosensitizing properties. Moreover, the possibility of solar irradiation applicability was proved. The acute ecotoxicity was evaluated using bioluminescence inhibition assay with the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as the test organism. The results of ecotoxicity investigation showed that the ecotoxicity decreased with irradiation time, which indicates a lower environmental impact of the photodegradation products.
Abstract There is increasing optimism for the use of non-pathogenic viruses in the treatment of many cancers. Initial interest in oncolytic virotherapy was based on the observation of an occasional ...clinical resolution of a lymphoma after a systemic viral infection. In many cancers, by comparison with normal tissues, the competency of the cellular anti-viral mechanism is impaired, thus creating an exploitable difference between the tumour and normal cells, as an unimpeded viral proliferation in cancer cells is eventually cytocidal. In addition to their oncolytic capability, these particular viruses may be engineered to facilitate gene delivery to tumour cells to produce therapeutic effects such as cytokine secretion and anti -tumour immune responses prior to the eventual cytolysis. There is now promising clinical experience with these viral strategies, particularly as part of multimodal studies, and already several clinical trials are in progress. The limitations of standard cancer chemotherapies, including their lack of specificity with consequent collateral toxicity and the development of cross-resistance, do not appear to apply to viral-based therapies. Furthermore, virotherapy frequently restores chemoradiosensitivity to resistant tumours and has also demonstrated efficacy against cancers that historically have a dismal prognosis. While there is cause for optimism, through continued improvements in the efficiency and safety of systemic delivery, through the emergence of alternative viral agents and through favourable clinical experiences, clinical trials as part of multimodal protocols will be necessary to define clinical utility. Significant progress has been made and this is now a major research area with an increasing annual bibliography.
The objective of this work was to study the photosensitised oxidation of the xenobiotics benzylparaben (BeP) and 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) in aqueous solutions using photosensitisers immobilised ...into chitosan carrier particles and visible light radiation. Zn(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate tetrasodium salt and Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid were used as photosensitisers. The major role of the singlet oxygen during photodegradation was proven by using scavengers of reactive oxygen species. The influence of initial xenobiotic concentration and temperature on degradation rate was examined. The investigations were focused on kinetics (Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) as well as activation energy determination. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of BeP and 2,4DCP into chitosan carrier were determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model.
Prostate cancer (pca) is the most common non-dermatologic cancer and the 3rd leading cause of male cancer mortality in Canada. In patients with high-risk localized or recurrent pca, management ...typically includes the combination of long-term androgen deprivation therapy (adt) and radiotherapy (rt). New androgen-receptor-axis targeted therapies (arats), which await validation, offer an option to intensify therapy.
In this narrative review, we report the relevant history that has supported combining adt with rt. The literature in PubMed was searched for studies involving pca and novel arats (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide) published between 1995 and 2019. Literature discussing clinical trials in which those modalities were combined was extracted and synthesized into a combined molecular and clinical discussion. Potential treatment intensification mechanisms and rationales are explored.
Early results from three phase i/ii trials demonstrated that concurrent abiraterone acetate, adt, and rt is safe, improves the extent of chemical castration, and is associated with limited treatment failures. A single
study implies synergy for radiosensitization beyond that facilitated by conventional adt. Studies investigating the combination of other arats with rt are under way, including multiple phase iii trials, but short-term results are not yet available.
Background
Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) as measured in rat and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), the supposed psychophysical paradigm of DNIC measured in humans, are unique ...manifestations of an endogenous descending modulatory pathway that is activated by the application of a noxious conditioning stimulus. The predictive value of the human CPM processing is crucial when deliberating the translational worth of the two phenomena.
Methods
For CPM or DNIC measurement, test and conditioning stimuli were delivered using a computer‐controlled cuff algometry system or manual inflation of neonate blood pressure cuffs, respectively. In humans (n = 20), cuff pain intensity (for pain detection and pain tolerance thresholds) was measured using an electronic visual analogue scale. In isoflurane‐anaesthetized naïve rats, nociception was measured by recording deep dorsal horn wide dynamic range (WDR) neuronal firing rates (n = 7) using in vivo electrophysiology.
Results
A painful cuff‐pressure conditioning stimulus on the leg increased pain detection and pain tolerance thresholds recorded by cuff stimulation on the contralateral leg in humans by 32% ± 3% and 24% ± 2% (mean ± SEM) of baseline responses, respectively (p < .001). This finding was back‐translated by revealing that a comparable cuff‐pressure conditioning stimulus (40 kPa) on the hind paw inhibited the responses of WDR neurons to noxious contralateral cuff test stimulation to 42% ± 9% of the baseline neuronal response (p = .003).
Conclusions
These data substantiate that the noxious cuff pressure paradigm activates the descending pain modulatory system in rodent (DNIC) and man (CPM), respectively. Future back and forward translational studies using cuff pressure algometry may reveal novel mechanisms in varied chronic pain states.
Significance
This study provides novel evidence that a comparable noxious cuff pressure paradigm activates a unique form of endogenous inhibitory control in healthy rat and man. This has important implications for the forward translation of bench and experimental pain research findings to the clinical domain. If translatable mechanisms underlying dysfunctional endogenous inhibitory descending pathway expression (previously evidenced in painful states in rat and man) were revealed using cuff pressure algometry, the identification of new analgesic targets could be expedited.
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