A
bstract
Single top-quark production in association with a
Z
boson, where the
Z
boson decays to a pair of charged leptons, is measured in the trilepton channel. The proton-proton collision data ...collected by the ATLAS experiment from 2015 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb
−
1
. Events containing three isolated charged leptons (electrons or muons) and two or three jets, one of which is identified as containing a
b
-hadron, are selected. The main backgrounds are from
t
t
¯
Z
and diboson production. Neural networks are used to improve the background rejection and extract the signal. The measured cross-section for
t
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
q
production, including non-resonant dilepton pairs with
m
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
>
30 GeV, is 97
±
13 (stat.)
±
7 (syst.) fb, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
Charged-particle fragmentation functions for jets azimuthally balanced by a high-transverse-momentum, prompt, isolated photon are measured in 25 pb^{-1} of pp and 0.49 nb^{-1} of Pb+Pb collision ...data at 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo generators and to measurements of inclusively selected jets. In pp collisions, a different jet fragmentation function in photon-tagged events from that in inclusive jet events arises from the difference in fragmentation between light quarks and gluons. The ratios of the fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb events to that in pp events are used to explore the parton color-charge dependence of jet quenching in the hot medium. In relatively peripheral collisions, fragmentation functions exhibit a similar modification pattern for photon-tagged and inclusive jets. However, photon-tagged jets are observed to have larger modifications than inclusive jets in central Pb+Pb events.
To assess the properties of the quark–gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic ion collisions, the ATLAS experiment at the LHC measures a correlation between the mean transverse momentum and the flow ...harmonics. The analysis uses data samples of lead–lead and proton–lead collisions obtained at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to total integrated luminosities of
22
μ
b
-
1
and
28
nb
-
1
, respectively. The measurement is performed using a modified Pearson correlation coefficient with the charged-particle tracks on an event-by-event basis. The modified Pearson correlation coefficients for the 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-order flow harmonics are measured in the lead–lead collisions as a function of event centrality quantified as the number of charged particles or the number of nucleons participating in the collision. The measurements are performed for several intervals of the charged-particle transverse momentum. The correlation coefficients for all studied harmonics exhibit a strong centrality evolution, which only weakly depends on the charged-particle momentum range. In the proton–lead collisions, the modified Pearson correlation coefficient measured for the 2nd-order flow harmonics shows only weak centrality dependence. The lead-lead data is qualitatively described by the predictions based on the hydrodynamical model.
Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are mostly elderly patients with substantial comorbidities. Established risk scores are not validated for TAVR and collectives with ...elderly patients making periprocedural risk stratification difficult. Serum albumin is known to be an indicator for malnutrition and frailty and is simple to measure, independent of physician's bias. Using serum albumin as a preoperative marker for postoperative complications might help estimating morbidity and mortality of these patients.
A total of 457 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR at our institution in a period from January 2014 to December 2015 were included in this retrospective study. Baseline characteristics as well as preoperative laboratory parameters were registered. Postoperative morbidity and 30-day mortality were analyzed as primary end points. Enrolled patients with preoperative low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dL) were compared with those revealing normal serum albumin (≥3.5 g/dL).
Among 457 patients, 51 (11%) presented pre-procedural low serum albumin and 406 (89%) had normal serum albumin. Patients' mean age was 81±6 years and 50% of them were male. Postoperative complications such as requirement of blood transfusions (63% versus 33%, P<0.001), infection (53% versus 24%, P<0.001), acute kidney injury (41% versus 19%, P=0.001) and 30-day mortality (10% versus 3%, P=0.045) showed significant differences between preoperative low and normal albumin groups.
Preoperative low serum albumin might be an indicator for higher morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing TAVR.
Currently, there is no comprehensive presentation of trends in oral diseases in the German general population over the last 20 years.
How did prevalences of caries, periodontitis, and tooth loss and ...their determinants change in Germany between 1997 and 2014?
We analysed data from 35- to 44-year-olds and 65- to 74-year-olds from the German Oral Health Studies ("Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudien" DMS) III to V and of 25- to 74-year-olds from the Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‑0 and SHIP-Trend-0). The decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT), the number of sound teeth, the community periodontal index (CPI), and data on tooth count and edentulism were analysed.
Regarding determinants, an increase in subjects with high school education, a slight decrease in smokers, and an increase in better oral hygiene patterns was observed in both studies. In 35- to 44-year-olds, the number of sound teeth increased from 11.9 in DMS III to 16.8 in DMS V, while in 65- to 74-year-olds the number of sound teeth increased by 5.9. A similar trend was observed in SHIP. In DMS, the prevalence of the highest CPI score of 4 decreased from 9.3% to 3.5% in 35- to 44-year-olds; in 65- to 74-year-olds, the 2014 prevalence was at the same level as in 1997 (10.5% and 9.8%). In parallel, the percentage of edentulous 65- to 74-year-olds halved in both studies. The number of teeth increased across all age strata.
DMS and SHIP consistently showed an increase in the number of healthy teeth free of fillings, a slight reduction of subjects with a CPI score of 4, more tooth retention, and less edentulism. Because of more tooth retention and current demographic changes, higher periodontal treatment needs might be expected for the future.
A
bstract
A search for a chargino-neutralino pair decaying via the 125 GeV Higgs boson into photons is presented. The study is based on the data collected between 2015 and 2018 with the ATLAS ...detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb
−
1
of
pp
collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess over the expected background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level for a massless
χ
˜
1
0
are set on several electroweakino production cross-sections and the visible cross-section for beyond the Standard Model processes. In the context of simplified supersymmetric models, 95% confidence-level limits of up to 310 GeV in
m
χ
˜
1
±
/
χ
˜
2
0
, where
m
χ
˜
1
0
= 0
.
5 GeV, are set. Limits at 95% confidence level are also set on the
χ
˜
1
±
χ
˜
2
0
cross-section in the mass plane of
m
χ
˜
1
±
/
χ
˜
2
0
and
m
χ
˜
1
0
, and on scenarios with gravitino as the lightest supersymmetric particle. Upper limits at the 95% confidence-level are set on the higgsino production cross-section. Higgsino masses below 380 GeV are excluded for the case of the higgsino fully decaying into a Higgs boson and a gravitino.
•Cure models are useful for analyzing time-to-event data when a proportion of individuals will never experience the event of interest.•Parametric cure models allow for statistical inference for ...relative survival.•Tools for parametric modelling are available in the R-packages cuRe and rstpm2.•Both packages allow for flexible modelling of time-effects using splines.
Background and objective:Within medical research, cure models are useful for analyzing time-to-event data in the scenario where a proportion of the analyzed individuals are expected to never experience the event of interest. Cure models are also useful for modelling the relative survival in scenarios where a proportion of the individuals are expected to eventually experience a mortality rate similar to that of the general population. Here we present two R packages, cuRe and rstpm2, that provide researchers with several tools for performing statistical inference using parametric cure models.
Methods:Cure models are commonly used to estimate 1) the proportion of individuals that are cured and 2) the event-time distribution of individuals who are not cured. This can be done using simple parametric distributions for the event-time distribution of the uncured, but our implementations also enable fitting of more flexible spline-based cure models. The parametric framework of both packages ensures that cure models for the relative survival can easily be used.
Results:The cuRe package contains two main functions for estimating parametric mixture cure models; one based on simple parametric distributions (e.g. Weibull or exponential) and one utilizing a spline-based formulation of the cure model. The rstpm2 package enables estimation of spline-based latent cure models, i.e., cure models with no explicit parameters modelling the proportion of cured individuals.
Conclusions:Through the R-packages cuRe and rstpm2, a wide range of different parametric cure models can be fitted. The cuRe package also contains a number of useful post-estimation procedures for computing the time to statistical cure and conditional probability of cure, which may spread the use of cure models in medical research.
Abstract Purpose The aim of the FEELING-ON-ICU study was to compare mortality estimations of critically ill patients based on ‘gut feeling’ of medical staff and by Acute Physiology And Chronic Health ...Evaluation (APACHE) II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). Materials and methods Medical staff estimated patients' mortality risks via questionnaires. APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA were calculated retrospectively from records. Estimations were compared with actual in-hospital mortality using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results 66 critically ill patients (60.6% male, mean age 63 ± 15 years (range 30–86)) were evaluated each by a nurse ( n = 66, male 32.4%) and a physician ( n = 66, male 67.6%). 15 (22.7%) patients died on the intensive care unit. AUC was largest for estimations by physicians (AUC 0.814 (95% CI 0.705–0.923)), followed by SOFA (AUC 0.749 (95% CI 0.629–0.868)), SAPS II (AUC 0.723 (95% CI 0.597–0.849)), APACHE II (AUC 0.721 (95% CI 0.595–0.847)) and nursing staff (AUC 0.669 (95% CI 0.529–0.810)) ( p < 0.05 for all results). Conclusions The concept of physicians' ‘gut feeling’ was comparable to classical objective scores in mortality estimations of critically ill patients. Concerning practicability physicians' evaluations were advantageous to complex score calculation.
Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the ...CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (
η
) and azimuthal angle (
ϕ
). Short-range correlations in Δ
η
, which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple “independent cluster” parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in
η
(cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 nb
−1
data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate
p
T
of 1–3 GeV/
c
, 2.0 < |Δ
η
| < 4
.
8 and Δ
ϕ
≈ 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in
pp
or
collisions.
A search for magnetic monopoles and high-electric-charge objects is presented using 34.4 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV pp collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2015 and 2016. The ...considered signature is based upon high ionization in the transition radiation tracker of the inner detector associated with a pencil-shape energy deposit in the electromagnetic calorimeter. The data were collected by a dedicated trigger based on the tracker high-threshold hit capability. The results are interpreted in models of Drell-Yan pair production of stable particles with two spin hypotheses (0 and 1/2) and masses ranging from 200 to 4000 GeV. The search improves by approximately a factor of 5 the constraints on the direct production of magnetic monopoles carrying one or two Dirac magnetic charges and stable objects with electric charge in the range 20≤|z|≤60 and extends the charge range to 60<|z|≤100.
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