A new monoraphid diatom species Achnanthidium gladius sp. nov. is described from Indonesia. The description is based on molecular data (18SV4), morphological analysis and comparison with similar ...species. According to molecular data, Achnanthidium gladius sp. nov. is closely related to Achnanthidium minutissimum . Morphologically, the new species differs from similar species by the absence of a fascia on raphe valve, cell size, and striae density and pattern. The new species is only known from the type locality in Indonesia. Comparison with close related species is given. Keywords: Achnanthidium , diatoms, Indonesia, new species, molecular investigation
The comparative morphological characteristics of fragilaroid diatoms of genus Hannaea from lakes Baikal and Khubsugul, based on the results of light and electron microscopy, as well as new data on ...the study of type material H. baicalensis in a light microscope, are shown. New species H. hovsgolensis Vishnjakov, Kulikovskiy et Genkal from Khubsugul Lake is described. H. hovsgolensis has high similarity with H. baicalensis based on the presence of a biseriate striae and bilabiate rimoportulae on both ends of valves. These features are characteristic for species of the Baikal rift zone and determine their difference from Holarctic species: H. arcus and H. inaequidentata.
The morphology of the diatom genus Epithemia from ecosystems of Central Asia (Russia and Mongolia) is studied. It is shown that in the studied ecosystems there are species with local or endemic ...distribution, like in Lake Baikal, and taxa known from the Holarctic. Original morphological descriptions and pictures of 13 taxa are given. Three new taxa are described. They are E. compacta Kulikovskiy & Lange-Bertalot sp. nov. from Lake Baikal; E. selengaensis Vishnjakov, Kulikovskiy & Genkal sp. nov. from the Selenga River; and E. perlongicornis Vishnjakov, Kulikovskiy & Genkal sp. nov. from water bodies of the Great Lakes Depression in Mongolia.
The valve morphology of taxa from the Cymbella cistula group from different water ecosystems of southern Siberia (Russia) and northwestern Mongolia is investigated. Two species with similar ...morphology, C. neocistula Krammer and C. nepalensis (Jüttner & Van de Vijver) Vishnjakov stat. nov., are found. C. nepalensis differs from C. neocistula by valve outline and a usually higher number of stigmata on the central area. The morphological variability of species from C. cistula complex, their ecology, and distribution are discussed.
Shock-capturing methods have become an effective tool for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations. Both upwind and symmetric TVD schemes in the framework of the shock-capturing ...approach are thoroughly investigated and applied with great success to a number of complicated multidimensional gasdynamic problems. The extension of these schemes to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations is not a simple task. First, the exact solution of the MHD Riemann problem is too multivariant to be used in regular calculations. On the other hand, the extensions of Roe's approximate Riemann problem solvers for MHD equations in general case are nonunique and need further investigation. That is why, some simplified approaches should be constructed. In this work, the second order of accuracy in time and space high-resolution Lax–Friedrichs type scheme is suggested that gives a drastic simplification of the numerical algorithm comparing to the precise characteristic splitting of Jacobian matrices. The necessity is shown to solve the full set of MHD equations for modeling of multishocked flows, even when the problem is axisymmetric, to obtain evolutionary solutions. For the numerical example, the MHD Riemann problem is used with the initial data consisting of two constant states lying to the right and to the left from the centerline of the computational domain. If the problem is solved as purely coplanar, a slow compound wave appears in the self-similar solution obtained by any shock-capturing scheme. If the full set of MHD equations is used and a small uniform tangential disturbance is added to the magnetic field vector, a rotational jump splits from the compound wave, and it degrades into a slow shock. The reconstruction process of the nonevolutionary compound wave into evolutionary shocks is investigated. Presented results should be taken into account in the development of shock-capturing methods for MHD flows.
The phylogenetic position of the genera Rossithidium and Psammothidium was studied using the plastid gene rbcL. The genus Rossithidium is not an independent taxon and should be transferred to ...Psammothidium. Taxa from Psammothidium genus formed a sister, but independent clade to taxa with Achnanthidium. Our data has shown that the order Achnathales was not the natural taxon and should be reduced, but the three families included in it were natural. Genera like Psammothidium (including Rossithidium) and Lemnicola should be included into the family Achnanthidiaceae. Therefore, raphe does not play an important role in diatom taxonomy and its loss occurred many times during the evolution of diatoms.
Today, considerable progress in the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment has been made due to development of targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches to the RCC treatment, especially in ...metastasising carcinoma. In the early stages of RCC, it is possible to use partial or total surgical nephrectomy, but in metastases development, the range of efficient treatment methods is dramatically limited. Appearance of targeted drugs like PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors and their ligands’ inhibitors in clinical practice has significantly increased the total survival rate of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Emergence of adoptive cell therapy has opened new possibilities and prospects in RCC treatment. Previously activated in vitro cells are used there, which provides antineoplastic activity. For example, it could be antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), lymphokine-activated natural killers (LAK-NK-cells) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In this review, the authors specified the main molecular markers, associated with RCC; and signalling pathways (VEGFR- and EGFR-signalling pathway), which directly take part in carcinogenesis. The paper also looks at clinically applicable targeted immune drugs and the principle of their effect on tumorous cells. Besides, modern clinical studies of cell drugs have been considered. At the moment, there are a number of variants of targeted and immune drugs for the metastatic RCC treatment. Patients have no opportunity to use all the available agents because of their cost and toxicity level. For the most efficient treatment of patients with diagnosed metastatic RCC, it is necessarily to carry out risk stratification and prognostic factors for the response to treatment.
The new monoraphid diatom species C. nanoburyatica sp. nov. is described from Lake Baikal. This taxon differs from closely related taxa C. neodiminuta Krammer, C. neothumensis Krammer, and C. ...pseudothumensis Reichard by less developed striae, a very large axial area, and broader rounded ends.
Diatoms are a widespread group of microorganisms, many of which are able to accumulate significantamounts of long-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 5 strains of Cyclotella meneghiniana were ...isolated during the studyof diatom flora in the salt lakes of Mongolia. The taxonomic status was confirmed by morphological and molecular genetic studies, and the features of the fatty acid composition were also established. We found that Cyclotella meneghinianastrains are producers of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and are of interest for further biotechnologicalapplications.
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