Epitranscriptome profiling using MeRIP-seq is a powerful technique for in vivo functional studies of reversible RNA modifications. We develop RADAR, a comprehensive analytical tool for detecting ...differentially methylated loci in MeRIP-seq data. RADAR enables accurate identification of altered methylation sites by accommodating variability of pre-immunoprecipitation expression level and post-immunoprecipitation count using different strategies. In addition, it is compatible with complex study design when covariates need to be incorporated in the analysis. Through simulation and real dataset analyses, we show that RADAR leads to more accurate and reproducible differential methylation analysis results than alternatives, which is available at https://github.com/scottzijiezhang/RADAR.
The galactose‐specific lectin from the seeds of Dolichos lablab has been crystallized using the hanging‐drop vapour‐diffusion technique. The crystals belong to space group P1, with unit‐cell ...parameters a = 73.99, b = 84.13, c = 93.15 Å, α = 89.92, β = 76.01, γ = 76.99°. X‐ray diffraction data to a resolution of 3.0 Å have been collected under cryoconditions (100 K) using a MAR imaging‐plate detector system mounted on a rotating‐anode X‐ray generator. Molecular‐replacement calculations carried out using the available structures of legume lectins as search models revealed that the galactose‐specific lectin from D. lablab forms a tetramer similar to soybean agglutinin; two such tetramers are present in the asymmetric unit.
BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) ...hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH, aneurysmal SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1 year and immediately before) and during the pandemic, defined as 1 March–31 May 2020. The prior 1-year control period (1 March–31 May 2019) was obtained to account for seasonal variation.FindingsThere was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations, with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a relative decline of 22.5% (95% CI −24.3% to −20.7%, p<0.0001). Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170–1035 procedures, respectively, representing an 11.5% (95%CI −13.5% to −9.8%, p=0.002) relative drop. Subgroup analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations, a 24.9% relative decline (95% CI −28.0% to −22.1%, p<0.0001). A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1% (95% CI 32.3% to 50.6%, p=0.008) despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this tertile.InterpretationThere was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations, aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies, such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
We make publicly available a catalog of calibrated environmental measures for galaxies in the five 3D-Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/CANDELS deep fields. Leveraging the spectroscopic and grism ...redshifts from the 3D-HST survey, multiwavelength photometry from CANDELS, and wider field public data for edge corrections, we derive densities in fixed apertures to characterize the environment of galaxies brighter than mag in the redshift range . By linking observed galaxies to a mock sample, selected to reproduce the 3D-HST sample selection and redshift accuracy, each 3D-HST galaxy is assigned a probability density function of the host halo mass, and a probability that it is a central or a satellite galaxy. The same procedure is applied to a z = 0 sample selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We compute the fraction of passive central and satellite galaxies as a function of stellar and halo mass, and redshift, and then derive the fraction of galaxies that were quenched by environment specific processes. Using the mock sample, we estimate that the timescale for satellite quenching is it is longer at lower stellar mass or lower redshift, but remarkably independent of halo mass. This indicates that, in the range of environments commonly found within the 3D-HST sample ( ), satellites are quenched by exhaustion of their gas reservoir in the absence of cosmological accretion. We find that the quenching times can be separated into a delay phase, during which satellite galaxies behave similarly to centrals at fixed stellar mass, and a phase where the star formation rate drops rapidly ( Gyr), as shown previously at z = 0. We conclude that this scenario requires satellite galaxies to retain a large reservoir of multi-phase gas upon accretion, even at high redshift, and that this gas sustains star formation for the long quenching times observed.
Prediction of temperature profile and trajectories of the ship exhaust plume from the funnel around the superstructure is not amenable to theoretical analysis and empirical calculation procedures. ...These predictions are of vital importance for Naval Architect from the initial phase of design for positioning and arranging of various superstructure electronics (radars, antenna), weapons and intakes (gas turbine, ventilation) in the superstructure and with the least interference with the hot exhaust flume from the funnel. However all Modern naval ships tend to favor short funnels and tall mast to house electronics. This makes them prone to the problem of smoke nuisance where hot exhaust gas gets entrapped into turbulent wake of the superstructure and deteriorates the performance of electronics, weapons, sensors, increase the ships infra red signature and hampers the internal ventilation and GT intakes. Experiments conducted in wind tunnel on the model ship superstructure are the only reliable tool that is available to estimate temperature field as well as to study the exhaust smoke superstructure interaction on ships. This paper presents the mapping of the temperature field around a simplified topside configuration of a generic frigate. The configuration comprises of two funnels (forward and aft) a superstructure block consisting of bridge, mast and two intakes (fwd and aft) ahead of respective funnels along with piping network with blowers to achieve the desired air flow through funnels and intakes. A set of electrical heaters has been fitted in the funnel inlet pipe to provide hot gases. The exhaust temperature from the funnel has been maintained at 50degC above the ambient temperature through out the experiment. The mapping of temperature profile was conducted by measuring temperature using RTD. Six measurement planes were chosen so as to cover the most critical region around the superstructure with a total of 1344 discreet measurements. The study provides an understanding of the near field behavior of hot flumes and also suggests possible location of intakes and regions of hot spots in the superstructure. These results can serve as reference data for Naval Architects for their use in the validation of the numerical simulation using CFD.
A hospital-based pair-matched case-control study was performed at Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, to estimate the effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination against ...genital tuberculosis. The study included 48 cases of genital tuberculosis in the age group of 21-34 years and an equal number of controls, matched for age and socioeconomic status. The estimates of vaccine effectiveness and prevented fraction were higher for the subjects in the age group of 21-30 years and subjects from middle strata of socioeconomic class. The overall vaccine effectiveness and prevented fraction was estimated to be 75 (38.85-89.79) and 49.99 (17.46-74.55) per cent respectively. Results of this study thus indicate that BCG vaccination is effective against genital tuberculosis.
We report the direct measurement of orbital period decay in the double neutron star pulsar system PSR B2127+11C in the globular cluster M15 at the rate of (-3.95 c 0.13) x 10 super(-12), consistent ...with the prediction of general relativity at the 63% level. We find the pulsar mass to be m sub(p) = 1.358 c 0.010 M sub( )and the companion mass m sub(c) = 1.354 c 0.010 M sub( ). We also report long-term pulse timing results for the pulsars PSR B2127+11A and PSR B2127+11B, including confirmation of the cluster proper motion.
Polyphenol-rich extracts from a range of berries were tested for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity
in vitro. Blackcurrant and rowan extracts had no effect, blueberry caused slight ...inhibition, whilst lingonberry, Arctic bramble, cloudberry, strawberry and raspberry were considerably more effective. Inhibition by the cloudberry extract showed a saturation effect with an apparent EC
50 of around 5
μg phenols/ml.
The inhibitory components from cloudberry were retained in a tannin-rich fraction prepared by sorption to Sephadex LH-20. Comparison of the polyphenol composition of the active and inactive fractions using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) strongly suggested that the active components were ellagitannins. Similarly prepared fractions from raspberry and strawberry were also effective inhibitors. Direct infusion mass spectra (DIMS) of the raspberry tannin and cloudberry tannin fractions were very similar, with minor differences in the abundance of certain ellagitannin components, whereas the strawberry tannin fraction was enriched in a mixture of ellagitannin and proanthocyanidin components. The effective inhibition of lipase by the lingonberry extract may have been due to proanthocyandin components. The nature, mechanism and possible physiological relevance of lipase inhibition by berry components are discussed.
There is a consensus that type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) arise from the thermonuclear explosion of white dwarf stars that accrete matter from a binary companion. However, direct observation of SN Ia ...progenitors is lacking, and the precise nature of the binary companion remains uncertain. A temporal series of high-resolution optical spectra of the SN Ia PTF 11kx reveals a complex circumstellar environment that provides an unprecedentedly detailed view of the progenitor system. Multiple shells of circumstellar material are detected, and the SN ejecta are seen to interact with circumstellar material starting 59 days after the explosion. These features are best described by a symbiotic nova progenitor, similar to RS Ophiuchi.
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