Abstract
The effect of oxidation on redox and cytotoxic properties of copper complex of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide was studied by gamma radiolysis. The oxidation of Aβ1-16 and Aβ1-16/Cu(II) complex ...was carried out using hydroxyl (*OH) radicals produced by gamma radiolysis and the products were analyzed using mass spectrometry. The presence of Cu(II) was found to enhance the oxidation of Aβ1-16 peptide. The oxidation of residues Asp1, His6, and His13 was enhanced due to their involvement in copper binding. The oxidation of His residues of Aβ1-16 peptide, which are chiefly responsible for copper binding, resulted in altered redox properties and subsequently in higher cytotoxicity of the Aβ1-16 peptide in SH-SY5Y cells.
Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is pivotal in mediating the actions of insulin and growth factors in most tissues of the body, but its role in insulin-producing beta islet cells is unclear. ...Freshly isolated islets from IRS-1 knockout mice and SV40-transformed IRS-1-deficient beta-cell lines exhibit marked insulin secretory defects in response to glucose and arginine. Furthermore, insulin expression is reduced by about 2-fold in the IRS-1-null islets and beta-cell lines, and this defect can be partially restored by transfecting the cells with IRS-1. These data provide evidence for an important role of IRS-1 in islet function and provide a novel functional link between the insulin signaling and insulin secretion pathways. This article may have been published online in advance of the print edition. The date of publication is available from the JCI website, http://www.jci.org.
Present work deals with evaluation of stress, deflection and dynamic properties of the folded vehicle structure. The folded vehicle in present case is a single seat vehicle intended to carry one ...person. Design constraints are the folded dimensions of the vehicle and the maximum vehicle speed is limited to 15m/s. Using classical calculations dimensions of the vehicle are devised. Different materials are used for seat, telescopic support and chassis of the foldable vehicle. computer aided model is prepared using CATIA software. Finite element analysis of the foldable vehicle has been carried out to evaluate the static and dynamic stresses induced in the vehicle components. Meshing of the foldable vehicle is carried using Ansys Workbench. From modal analysis six mode shapes of the foldable vehicle are formulated, corresponding frequencies and deflections are devised. Mesh generator is used to mesh the foldable vehicle. The deflection and frequency magnitudes of foldable vehicle evaluated are in good agreement with the experimental results available in literature for similar materials.
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a hazard commonly reported in the glaciated terrain of the Himalaya. Glacier lakes can form if the glaciers retreat and the bottom topography overdeepens. We ...have adopted a technique to estimate the depth and volume of lakes using parameters such as glacier surface velocity, slope and laminar flow of ice. The technique has been automated using Python programming language. The method was applied in the Sikkim Himalaya to map potential lake sites and also to predict further expansion of existing glacier lakes. Studies were carried out for ten glaciers in the Tista river basin. The analysis suggests nine potential lake sites, including further expansion of four existing glacier lakes. To validate the results, the model lake boundary in 2001 was compared with the satellite-observed value of 2015 and field measurements made at the South Lhonak lake. The volume of the South Lhonak lake (in 2015) was estimated as 60 ± 10.8 million m³; with prolonged retreat of the glacier, the lake is likely to expand to a maximum volume of 90 ± 16.2 million m³. The above technique can provide new information to planners, leading to a more realistic approach in understanding the disaster potential of glacier lakes.
Several oral vaccination studies have been undertaken to evoke a better protection against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a major shrimp pathogen. Formalin-inactivated virus and WSSV envelope ...protein VP28 were suggested as candidate vaccine components, but their uptake mechanism upon oral delivery was not elucidated. In this study the fate of these components and of live WSSV, orally intubated to black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) was investigated by immunohistochemistry, employing antibodies specific for VP28 and haemocytes. The midgut has been identified as the most prominent site of WSSV uptake and processing. The truncated recombinant VP28 (rec-VP28), formalin-inactivated virus (IVP) and live WSSV follow an identical uptake route suggested as receptor-mediated endocytosis that starts with adherence of luminal antigens at the apical layers of gut epithelium. Processing of internalized antigens is performed in endo-lysosomal compartments leading to formation of supra-nuclear vacuoles. However, the majority of WSSV-antigens escape these compartments and are transported to the inter-cellular space via transcytosis. Accumulation of the transcytosed antigens in the connective tissue initiates aggregation and degranulation of haemocytes. Finally the antigens exiting the midgut seem to reach the haemolymph. The nearly identical uptake pattern of the different WSSV-antigens suggests that receptors on the apical membrane of shrimp enterocytes recognize rec-VP28 efficiently. Hence the truncated VP28 can be considered suitable for oral vaccination, when the digestion in the foregut can be bypassed.
► Uptake of WSSV-vaccines and live virus in the gut of Penaeus monodon is described. ► Midgut is the prominent site for their uptake and processing. ► Through receptor-mediated endocytosis antigens enter the enterocytes when VP28 is recognized. ► Antigen processing occurs in endo-lysosomal compartments; but escaping antigens enter the inter-cellular space. ► Activated haemocytes demonstrate immune response to antigens accumulating in gut connective tissue.
Samples of shoots and roots of tender wheatgrass/wheat plants collected over a period of 20 days were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The wheatgrass (wheat:
Triticum aestivum ...L.) samples analysed were grown in three different conditions namely (i) tap water, (ii) nutrient compounds with tap water, and (iii) soil and tap water. A total of 15 elements were determined in these samples. In addition, a commercially available wheatgrass tablet was analysed. Accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysing two biological reference materials, SRM 1573a (Tomato leaves) from NIST and ICHTJ-CTA-vtl-2 (Tobacco leaves) from INCT. The paper discusses the elemental concentration levels, their trends and concentration ratios of elements in shoot-to-root grown in these three conditions of growth. It was observed that the elements such as K, Na, Ca and Mg increased linearly in the shoots with the growth period whereas the concentrations of the elements namely Zn, Mn and Fe remained constant in shoots after 8th day of plant growth for all three conditions of growth. However, it was observed that the shoot to root concentration ratio in all the conditions increased linearly for K, Na, Ca, Mg and Cl and decreased for Zn, Fe, Mn, and Al with growth period.
Quality control analyses of Pu based nuclear fuels for trace metallic content by the DC-Arc-AES technique, produce a large amount of solid analytical waste containing Pu, U and Ag. Through the ...present study, an attempt was made to separate uranium from the bulk of the analytical waste using HNO
3
leaching. Systematic studies have been carried out to optimize various parameters, such as acid molarity, contact time, and batch size, required to remove uranium preferentially from the solid waste leaving behind Pu and other impurities. The concentrations of U, Pu, Ag and other impurities during this exercise were intermittantly determined using ICP-AES.
Thermolysis of Ni butanethiolate in a sulfur atmosphere has been carried out at 300 and 600 °C to produce NiS2 nanocrystalline films with mean crystallite sizes of 16 and 192 nm and resistivity ...values of ∼451 and 3540 μΩ·m, respectively; the resistivity values are ∼2 orders of magnitude less compared to the bulk value (12000 μΩ·m). This is a significant observation since NiS2 is an insulator in the bulk. Combining electrostatic force microscopy, transport, and surface degradation experiments, we establish conclusively that the surface layer of NiS2 is metallic. The density of the surface conduction states computed through the variable range hopping model is found to be comparable to the bulk density of states of good metals. The precursor is also amenable for patterning by electron beam and molding.
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