Fuel channel integrity in a reactor depends on the coolability of the moderator which serves as an ultimate heat sink under transient normal working conditions. Hence a thorough understanding of the ...behavior of the moderator is very important in the safe design of a reactor. CFD investigations are carried out to study the peak thermal energy estimation in a typical calandria using industry standard CFD code. Numerical flow computations and experimental studies are carried out for a calandria embedded with a matrix of tubes working together as a reactor. Numerical investigations are carried out in the calandria reactor considering 480 fuel channels, with tangential inlets 14° inclined to the vertical axis, and with varied number of outlets at the bottom portion of the reactor model. The outlets are vertically downward, and inclined at 30° to the vertical axis. The work is carried to study the flow pattern and the associated temperature distribution. The computations are made for simulations of flow and convective heat transfer for assigned near-to working conditions with different moderator injection rates and reacting heat fluxes. The numerical results estimated isothermally and using 3D RANS equations are validated against experimental results. A set of experiments on a specially designed scale model for automated flow visualization are conducted over a range of flows and simulation parameters. The work assumes significance for the design considerations of the reactors and for detailed and critical parametric studies for optimization of the geometry considered.
Pure mucinous carcinoma of the male breast is an uncommon malignant breast neoplasm and extremely rare is its metastasis in axillary lymph nodes. Most of these cases have been diagnosed after ...surgical resection with only a few cases diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Although FNAC is well established in the evaluation of breast masses in females there are few reports in males. We are presenting a case of pure mucinous carcinoma of the male breast with metastasis in axillary lymph nodes in a 75-year-old male diagnosed by FNAC and confirmed on histopathology.
CFD investigations are carried out to study the heat flux and temperature distribution in the caladria using a 3-Dimensional RANS code. Internal flow computations and experimental studies are carried ...out for a caladria embedded with a matrix of tubes working together as a reactor. Numerical investigations are carried on the Calandria reactor vessel with horizontal inlets and outlets located on top and the bottom to study the flow pattern and the associated temperature distribution. The computations have been carried out to simulate fluid flow and convective heat transfer for assigned near-to working conditions with different moderator injection rates and reacting heat fluxes. The results of computations provide an estimate of the tolerance bands for safe working limits for the heat dissipation at different working conditions by virtue of prediction of the hot spots in the calandria. The isothermal CFD results are validated by a set of experiments on a specially designed scaled model conducted over a range of flows and simulation parameters. The comparison of CFD results with experiments show good agreement.
Computations have been carried out for simulating supersonic flow through a set of converging-diverging nozzles with their expanding jets forming a laser cavity and flow patterns through diffusers, ...past the cavity. A thorough numerical investigation with 3-D RANS code is carried out to capture the flow distribution which comprises of shock patterns and multiple supersonic jet interactions. The analysis of pressure recovery characteristics during the flow through the diffusers is an important parameter of the simulation and is critical for the performance of the laser device. The results of the computation have shown a close agreement with the experimentally measured parameters as well as other established results indicating that the flow analysis done is found to be satisfactory.
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