Mining is an age-old industry that has propelled human progress and development. Despite India‟s economic prowess and richness in minerals, its mines are plagued with inefficiency and lack modern ...technology. In countries with well-developed mining industries, automation has proven to be a beneficial technology. Incorporating modern technologies into Indian mines is a challenging task due to many factors unique to the country. This study establishes the benefits of automation by discussing the Australian mining industry. A clear insight into the socio-cultural challenges to be faced while modernizing the Indian mining industry, focusing on automation, is presented using an interpretive approach, relying mainly on qualitative data in existing texts. The study conveys the significance of these obstacles and proposes new government bodies and schemes to overcome them. Finally, further work on this less discussed topic is motivated by mentioning areas for future consideration.
Electrophysiological systems are prone to release free radicals for functioning of biological system with proper balancing of antioxidant-prooxidant ratio for establishing a healthy living system. ...The biostress condition releases different reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxyl, ozone, singlet oxygen, hypochlorus acid, thiyl radical, etc. This review tries to discuss the general aspects of the antioxidant assay methodologies that are currently used for the detection of antioxidant property. The entire review has been divided into three different sections. The first deals with the release of free radical by mitochondrial dysfuctioning and its curbing action by local antioxidants. The second and third sections discuss the general procedure adopted and reaction mechanism involved in the assay procedure along with the limitations and advantages.
The Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method of optimization is used to analyze the process parameters of the micro-Electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) of ...an AISI 304 steel with multi-performance characteristics. The Taguchi method of experimental design L27 is performed to obtain the optimal parameters for inputs, including feed rate, current, pulse on time, and gap voltage. Several output responses, such as the material removal rate, electrode wear rate, overcut, taper angle, and circularity at entry and exit points, are analyzed for the optimal conditions. Among all the investigated parameters, feed rate exerts a greater influence on the hole quality. ANOVA is employed to identify the contribution of each experiment. The optimal level of parameter setting is maintained at a feed rate of 4 μm/s, a current of 10 A, a pulse on time of 10 μs, and a gap voltage of 10 V. Scanning electron microscope analysis is conducted to examine the hole quality. The experimental results indicate that the optimal level of the process parameter setting over the overall performance of the micro-EDM is improved through TOPSIS.
PurposeThis study aims to bring awareness to the developing of fault detection systems using the data collected from sensor devices/physical devices of various systems for predictive maintenance. ...Opportunities and challenges in developing anomaly detection algorithms for predictive maintenance and unexplored areas in this context are also discussed.Design/methodology/approachFor conducting a systematic review on the state-of-the-art algorithms in fault detection for predictive maintenance, review papers from the years 2017–2021 available in the Scopus database were selected. A total of 93 papers were chosen. They are classified under electrical and electronics, civil and constructions, automobile, production and mechanical. In addition to this, the paper provides a detailed discussion of various fault-detection algorithms that can be categorised under supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised learning and traditional statistical method along with an analysis of various forms of anomalies prevalent across different sectors of industry.FindingsBased on the literature reviewed, seven propositions with a focus on the following areas are presented: need for a uniform framework while scaling the number of sensors; the need for identification of erroneous parameters; why there is a need for new algorithms based on unsupervised and semi-supervised learning; the importance of ensemble learning and data fusion algorithms; the necessity of automatic fault diagnostic systems; concerns about multiple fault detection; and cost-effective fault detection. These propositions shed light on the unsolved issues of predictive maintenance using fault detection algorithms. A novel architecture based on the methodologies and propositions gives more clarity for the reader to further explore in this area.Originality/valuePapers for this study were selected from the Scopus database for predictive maintenance in the field of fault detection. Review papers published in this area deal only with methods used to detect anomalies, whereas this paper attempts to establish a link between different industrial domains and the methods used in each industry that uses fault detection for predictive maintenance.
•To improve the bottom heat extraction by helium gas flow under the bottom retort.•The convexity of the melt crystal interface was maintained for the whole growth.•The impurity concentration of the ...grown mc-Si is not sufficient to form the LID effect and SiC formation.•The uniform temperature gradient and distributions are maintained by the helium gas flow under the retort.
The quality improvement of the mc-Si ingot is achieved by numerical simulation using the finite volume method. We have done the numerical simulation on a 2D symmetric Directional solidification furnace with helium gas flow at the bottom of the retort. In this process, the first nucleation starts at the bottom centre of the crucible due to spot cooling. The spot cooling process achieves the convex melt crystal interface during the growth process. It will push the impurity from the centre to the peripheral region of the ingot. This spot cooling method results show the acceptable range of the dislocation density and stress of the grown ingot. The melt-crystal interface, thermal stress, dislocation density and impurity formation of spot cooling system grown mc-Si have been analysed and compared with the conventional DS system of the grown mc-Si ingot. It is seen from the results that the LID effect, SiC formation and dislocation density are reduced in the spot cooling system grown mc-Si ingot.
Due to climatic changes, rice crop is affected by moisture deficit stress and pathogens. Tissue water limitation besides reducing growth rates, also renders the crop susceptible to the infection by
...pv.
(
) that causes bacterial leaf blight. Independently, both drought adaptation and
resistance have been extensively studied. Though the cross-talk between drought and
stress responses have been explored from individual stress studies, examining the combinatorial stress response is limited in rice. Recently published combined stress studies showed that under the combined stress, maintenance of carbon assimilation is hindered and such response is regulated by overlapping cellular mechanisms that are different from either of the individual stresses. Several receptors, MAP kinases, transcription factors, and ribosomal proteins, are predicted for playing a role in cellular homeostasis and protects cells from combined stress effects. Here we provide a critical analysis of these aspects using information from the recently published combined stress literature. This review is useful for researchers to comprehend combinatorial stress response of rice plants to drought and
.
The cobalt sulfide (Co9S8) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by the solvothermal techniques by utilizing Cobalt diethyldithiocarbamate (CoDTC2) as single-source precursor and hexadecylamine ...(HDA) as shape directing agent. As-prepared Co9S8 NPs were characterized with structural, morphological, thermal, Spectroscopic and surface analysis using PXRD, TEM, SEM-EDS, TG/DTA, FTIR, Raman and XPS studies respectively. The electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis with Co9S8 NPs modified working electrode. The Co9S8 NPs modified electrode delivered excellent specific capacitances of 502 Fg-1 at current densities of 1 Ag-1. The capacitance retention of Co9S8 was found to be 87% over the examination even after 7000 cycles. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device assembled with cathode and anode materials delivers a high energy density of 15.47Whkg-1 with power density of 1274.9Wkg-1.
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•Co9S8 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by simple solvothermal reflex method.•PXRD and SEM exhibit the cubic crystalline structure and spherical-like morphology for Co9S8 nanoparticles.•Co9S8 electrode material exhibits Faradic pseudo capacitive behaviour.•An enhanced high specific capacitance of 502 Fg-1 and current density of 1 Ag-1.•The Co9S8 electrode material exhibits 87% energy retention in cyclic test after 7000 cycles.
In this article, a circular microstrip tunable wideband frequency and polarisation reconfigurable antenna are investigated. The wideband tunability is achieved by placing the four varactor diodes ...between circular microstrip patch and circular ring. The impedance bandwidth of 2.09–2.96 GHz (34.52%) is realised by tuning the capacitance value from 4.15 pF (0 V) to 0.94 pF (6 V). Both frequency tunability and polarisation reconfigurability are controlled in the antenna using the proposed cascaded branch line coupler feed network. The four single pole double throw and two dual in-line package switches are used in the feed network to control the tunable impedance bandwidth of the antenna over a wideband from 1.25 to 2.95 GHz. The vertical linear polarisation and horizontal linear polarisation (H-LP) are achieved by any one of the feed port excited in the antenna. Similarly, the right-hand circular polarisation and left-hand circular polarisation are realised by exciting both the feed ports in the antenna with±90° phase difference. The impedance bandwidth of proposed feed network is well matching with the tunable bandwidth of the patch antenna. Simulated and experimental verification results show good agreement.
Wind power is playing a pivotal part in global energy growth as it is clean and pollution‐free. To maximize profits, economic scheduling, dispatching, and planning the unit commitment, there is a ...great demand for wind forecasting techniques. This drives the researchers and electric utility planners in the direction of more advanced approaches to forecast over broader time horizons. Key prediction techniques use physical, statistical approaches, artificial intelligence techniques, and hybrid methods. An extensive review of the current forecasting techniques, as well as their performance evaluation, is here presented. The techniques used for improving the prediction accuracy, methods to overcome major forecasting problems, evolving trends, and further advanced applications in future research are explored.
One of the most evolving renewable energy systems, wind energy is playing a pivotal role in global energy growth as it is clean and pollution‐free. In order to maximize profits, economic scheduling, dispatching and planning the unit commitment there is a great demand for wind speed and wind power forecasting methods. An extensive review of current forecasting techniques, as well as their performance evaluation, is presented. The techniques for enhancing accuracy with major forecasting problems, evolving trends and further advanced applications in future research are explored.
Madhupratap et al present physical, chemical and biological data that indicate that the Arabian Sea surface cooling drives convection processes that lead to the injection of nutrients up into the ...surface waters of the sea during winter, and that this mechanism of nutrient supply is a dominant control on winter productivity.
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