India and South Korea relationship has seen remarkable journey in the last three decades. Apart from rising political and economic weights of both the countries, India and South Korea have also ...emerged as important soft powers in the region. Their soft powers are based on their rich cultural and historical heritages, their democratic traditions and productions of world famous entertainment contents such as movies, dramas, music and so on. The awareness of the cultural connection between the two countries might have been less than expected but both the countries are indeed committed to reach out each other through these connections. Actually soft powers of both the countries are also useful in connecting them bilaterally as well as providing them access to the Southeast Asian countries. This paper tries to look at the role of soft powers of both the countries in their bilateral relations. When the small and middle powers of the region are forced by the US-China contests to work more on their hard powers and alliances/partnerships, the paper argues that a cooperative narrative may emerge in the region through the soft powers reach outs of India and South Korea and their attempts of agenda setting for the region. The paper would also try to explore trajectory of India-South Korea people-to-people connections and flag problems and prospects in the process.
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•Developed non-stabilized AMY via one electron oxidation of N,N′-dialkylsilylamines.•Synthesized indolizidine and pyrrolizidine frameworks by 3+2-cycloaddition of AMY.•Synthesis of ...epibatidine alkaloid having 7-azabicyclo 2.2.1 heptane skeleton.•Synthesis of (±)-pancracine, (±)-brunsvigine, maritidine, crinine.•Synthesis of (−)-vincodifformine and (+)-aspidospermidine.
Non-stabilized azomethine ylides (AMY) which are represented as a zwitterionic form of a CNC unit having four electrons in three parallel atomic π orbitals perpendicular to the plane of the dipole, undergoes 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to produce isolated as well as fused pyrrolidine ring system stereoselectively. Various new structural entities related to x-azatricyclom.n.0.0a,balkanes are constructed by the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nonstabilized cyclic azomethine ylides. The ylide is generated by the sequential double desilylation of N-alkyl α,α′-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclic amines using Ag(I)F as a one-electron oxidant. Various alkaloids such as (±)-pancracine, (±)-brunsvigine, (±)-maritidine, (±)-crinine, (−)-vincodifformine and (+)-aspidospermidine have been synthesized employing AMY cycloaddition strategy.
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses ...to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.
Urinary tract infection is primarily caused by
. Multidrug resistance and their rapid dissemination in this pathogenic microbe complicate therapeutic strategies and threaten public health. ...Conjugation systems responsible for interbacterial transmission of antibiotic resistance are plasmid-encoded and can be classified as the P, F, and I types. Specific pili types and pili associated proteins were related to the transfer among this gram-negative organism and were thought to depend on contacts created by these structures at the time of DNA transport. In this study, conjugation system types of the plasmids that harbor multidrug resistant genes (
,
,
,
,
,
) amongst 19
uropathogenic isolates were characterized under ciprofloxacin/ceftazidime selection individually by pili and pili associated gene types. Investigations indicated incidence of single plasmid of multiple replicon type amongst the transconjugants.
,
,
,
,
,
,
genes in varied combination were observed to be successfully co-transmitted against ceftazidme/ciprofloxacin selection. Seven primer pair sets were selected that encodes pili and pili associated genes (
,
,
,
,
,
,
) by nucleotide database search tools using annotated plasmids of different incompatibility types to assign the conjugation system type of the transmissible resistant plasmids by PCR.
F was predominant irrespective of drug selection that indicated F-type conjugation system was responsible for transmission of resistant plasmids which results in the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the isolates screened. Therefore this is a first report of its kind that investigated pili and pili associated genes to bio-type multidrug resistant plasmids and their transmission in clinical settings amongst uropathogenic
circulated in the eastern part of India.
The multitude of multi-omics data generated cost-effectively using advanced high-throughput technologies has imposed challenging domain for research in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Data curation ...poses a significant challenge as different parameters, instruments, and sample preparations approaches are employed for generating these big data sets. AI could reduce the fuzziness and randomness in data handling and build a platform for the data ecosystem, and thus serve as the primary choice for data mining and big data analysis to make informed decisions. However, AI implication remains intricate for researchers/clinicians lacking specific training in computational tools and informatics. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Certain cancers, such as pancreatic and gastric cancers, are detected only after they have reached their advanced stages with frequent relapses. Cancer is one of the most complex diseases affecting a range of organs with diverse disease progression mechanisms and the effectors ranging from gene-epigenetics to a wide array of metabolites. Hence a comprehensive study, including genomics, epi-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, along with the medical/mass-spectrometry imaging, patient clinical history, treatments provided, genetics, and disease endemicity, is essential. Cancer Moonshot℠ Research Initiatives by NIH National Cancer Institute aims to collect as much information as possible from different regions of the world and make a cancer data repository. AI could play an immense role in (a) analysis of complex and heterogeneous data sets (multi-omics and/or inter-omics), (b) data integration to provide a holistic disease molecular mechanism, (c) identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers, and (d) monitor patient's response to drugs/treatments and recovery. AI enables precision disease management well beyond the prevalent disease stratification patterns, such as differential expression and supervised classification. This review highlights critical advances and challenges in omics data analysis, dealing with data variability from lab-to-lab, and data integration. We also describe methods used in data mining and AI methods to obtain robust results for precision medicine from "big" data. In the future, AI could be expanded to achieve ground-breaking progress in disease management.
In this letter, a highly selective ultra wide band (UWB) band pass filter (BPF) with triple notch bands is proposed using C-Shaped and E-Shaped resonators along with a triangular ring loaded stub ...resonator (TRLSR) resting on a multi-mode resonator (MMR). The MMR is constructed using a uniform transmission line and parallel coupled lines connected to 50 Ω feed lines at both ends. Five even and odd modes are created to achieve an UWB passband response. Additionally, two transmission zeros at lower and upper cutoff frequencies of the passband are formed by TRLSR which helps to get a high skirt factor (SF) of 0.975. In addition, multiple notch bands are created using λ g /2 resonators to reject three interfering frequency bands named as WiMAX, WLAN, and X-Band. The center frequency of each notch can be controlled by tuning the length of the resonator. The proposed filter is simulated, fabricated, and tested experimentally. Both the predicted and the measured results are in good agreement and replicating the behavior of the proposed filter.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of ...brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a ...distance where they can enact changes in gene expression
. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies.
The present paper is an attempt to study Sunil Gangopadhyay’s prose narrative Sabuj Dwiper Raja (The King of the Green Island) which may be treated as a short fiction to fight against the violation ...of human rights of the Jarawa tribe. The Jarawa land is as though an independent nation within a nation. The ancient tribal people of Andaman Nicobar Islands have to strive hard to protect their habitat, identity and culture from the clutches of the outside people who even consider them no better than barbaric animals. The article highlights the fact that the Jarawa people are human, not cruel animals and they have also the human right to protect their identity and culture. Their land is haunted by the so-called civilized world for the greed for natural resources. Even though the colonial rule is over, the sufferings continue. They are brutally murdered and deprived of the wealth of nature that survives them since ancient times. Yet their land is exploited by the outsiders despite they lead a life synchronized with nature.
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