In this paper, we discuss the use of an electrospray method combined with a vapor-assisted solution technology (VAST) to prepare a perovskite solar cell absorber material. First, the PbI2 film was ...prepared using the electrospray method, and then through the VAST, the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber layer was formed, for which the device structure was ITO/PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/C60/BCP/Al. In the electrospray process, we changed the precursor solution concentration, voltage, and flow rate to control the thickness and surface morphology of the PbI2 film. In the VAST, we changed the CH3NH3I equivalent number and the heat treatment time, causing the CH3NH3I vapor deposited on the PbI2 film to form a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber layer. Finally, we completed the perovskite solar cell device. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cell was 10.74%; the open circuit voltage (Voc) was 0.89 V; the short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) was 21.30 mA/cm2, and the fill factor (FF) was 0.57.
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•The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber layer was prepared using the electrospray and vapor-assisted solution technology.•This method achieved the appropriate level of perovskite solar cells using direct spin coating of the CH3NH3PbI3 thin film.•The vapor-assisted solution technology can be used to modify the film and also reduce the generation of holes and defects.•By combining these two technologies, it can be prepared the perovskite solar cell in a large area.
Ti-doped SnO2 transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films are deposited on glass substrates using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system and then are annealed at temperatures in the ...range of 200–500 °C for 30 min. The effects of the annealing temperature on the structural properties, surface roughness, electrical properties, and optical transmittance of the thin films are then systematically explored. The results show that a higher annealing temperature results in lower surface roughness and larger crystal size. Moreover, an annealing temperature of 300 °C leads to the minimum electrical resistivity of 5.65 × 10−3 Ω·cm. The mean optical transmittance increases with an increase in temperature and achieves a maximum value of 74.2% at an annealing temperature of 500 °C. Overall, the highest figure of merit (ΦTC) (3.99 × 10−4 Ω−1) is obtained at an annealing temperature of 500 °C.
Nanoscale fracture and strain-induced structure variation of ZnO nanocones are determined using in situ transmission electron microscopy compression experiments. For the single-crystalline nanocones ...with diameters of 100–300 nm, the Young's modulus is in the range of 7.7–48 GPa and the ultimate tensile strength is in the range of 2.4–4.3%. The Young's modulus and tensile strength increase with decreasing diameter. Here, we report the nanogenerator of ZnO nanocones can be used mechanical energy to output 90 nW/mm2.
•The Young's modulus of ZnO cones was determined using in situ nanoindentation tests.•Young's modulus is 7.7–48 GPa and the ultimate tensile strength is 2.4–4.3%.•Nanogenerator of ZnO nanocones can be used mechanical energy to output 90 nW/mm2.
Dye degradation is a common method for examining the physical behavior of any photocatalyst material. We used a polymer-type ion release source to synthesize ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) microspheres in this work. ...The reaction solvent, reaction time, and reaction temperature are tested to get the optimal conditions for this experiment. The structural and optical characteristics of the products are measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometer. The results show that the ZIS microspheres size is about 2-4 m, specific surface areas is 11.05 m2g−1, and its energy gap is approximately 2.1 eV. The photocatalytic behavior was evaluated by degradation of methylene orange under visible light irradiation.
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