Each year, Asia produces an estimated 350 million tonnes of agricultural residues. According to Ministry of Power projections, numerous tonnes of such waste are discarded each year, in addition to ...being used as green manure. The methodology used to convert agricultural waste into the most valuable biochar, as well as its critical physical and chemical properties, were described in this review. This review also investigates the beneficial effects of bio and phytoremediation on metal(lloid)-contaminated soil. Agriculture biomass-based biochar is an intriguing organic residue material with the potential to be used as a responsible solution for metal(lloid) polluted soil remediation and soil improvement. Plants with faster growth and higher biomass can meet massive remediation demands. Recent research shows significant progress in agricultural biomass-based biomass conversion as biochar, as well as understanding the frameworks of metal(lloid) accumulation and mobility in plants used for metal(lloid) polluted soil remediation. Biochar made from various agricultural biomass can promote native plant growth and improve phytoremediation efficiency in polluted soil with metal(lloid)s. This carbon-enriched biochar promotes native microbial activity by neutralising pH and providing adequate nutrition. Thus, this review critically examines the feasibility of converting agricultural waste biomass into biochar, as well as the impact on plant and microbe remediation potential in metal(lloid)s polluted soil.
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•Emphasize agricultural waste biomass as feedstock for biochar fabrication.•Enlighten the advancement methods for biochar fabrication from agriculture wastes.•Optimistic interaction among biochar and harmful pollutants from polluted soil.•Influence of biochar on phytoremediation potential of plant on polluted soil.•Discussed optimistic and pessimistic effects of agriculture waste mediated biochar.
Cellulosic aerogel from water hyacinth (WH) was synthesized to address the dual environmental issues of water hyacinth pollution and the production of a green material. Raw WH was treated with sodium ...hydroxide (NaOH) with microwave assistance and in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that lignin and hemicellulose were markedly decreased after treatment, reducing from 24.02% hemicellulose and 5.67% lignin in raw WH to 8.32 and 1.92%, respectively. Cellulose aerogel from the pretreated WH had a high porosity of 98.8% with a density of 0.0162 g·cm–3 and a low thermal conductivity of 0.030 W·m–1·K–1. After modification with methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS) to produce a highly hydrophobic material, WH aerogel exhibited high stability for oil absorption at a capacity of 43.3, 43.15, 40.40, and 41.88 (g·g–1) with diesel oil (DO), motor oil (MO), and their mixture with water (DO + W and MO + W), respectively. The adsorption remained stable after 10 cycles.
In this study, we developed a pioneering non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor utilizing a flexible porous graphene electrode modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/fPGE sensor) to assess hypoxanthine ...(HXA) content in pork at post-mortem time. The ZnO/fPGE sensor was synthesized via hydrothermal method and direct laser writing with a CO2 laser on a polyimide film at ambient conditions. Its characterization was analyzed by Raman, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Linear response, the limit of detection, and sensitivity to the HXA were enhanced with the values of the range from 1.5 to 150, 0.14 µM, and 6.6 µA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. Effective resistance to common physiological interferences (such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine, glucose, and xanthine) was indicated, and additionally, the determination of HXA concentration in real samples with good selectivity is attributed to the synergistic effects between ZnO nanoparticles and fPGE. Therefore, the ZnO/fPGE has provided a favorable electrical environment for developing high-performance electrochemical biosensors to determine hypoxanthine in pork meat.
Aerogel cellulose materials were synthesised from Water hyacinth and different crosslinkers, such as kymene and a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The effects of using a ...magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic methods were investigated. The results show that materials prepared using ultrasonic methods have higher porosity and lower density. The thermal conductivity of the synthesised aerogel cellulose could be as low as 0.0281 W m K −1 , showing the good heat insulation performance of this material. Absorption capacity was tested using diesel oil (DO), and the highest capacities of 58.82 and 52.03 g g −1 of DO were found with kymene and PVA + GA as crosslinkers, respectively. The reusability of the materials was tested. After 10 cycles, the DO absorption capacity was 62.8% of the value of the first cycle for the aerogel cellulose sample with kymene as the crosslinker and 72.7% for the sample with PVA + GA as the crosslinking agent.
Over the years, as the economy has grown, numerous new materials have been developed to replace traditional ones. Among these materials, aerogels have become a topic of intensive research. However, ...the growth of the economy has also had negative impacts on the natural environment, particularly in industries like automotive and energy, which generate a significant amount of waste tire and coal ash. To address these problems, our research has been focused on synthesizing an advanced aerogel using waste tire rubber powder (WTRP) and coal ash (CA), which not only helps to solve the dual problems of the environment but also produces a green material with high applicability. The resulting aerogel has an ultra-low density (0.055 g/cm
3
) and high porosity (95.6%), making it an excellent insulator with a thermal conductivity of 0.027 W/m.K. Additionally, the aerogel exhibits significantly enhanced rigidity, with a Young modulus of Eavg = 1.206 MPa. Furthermore, the composite aerogel also possesses a good noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.414. The exceptional properties of the aerogel suggest that it holds great promise as a new generation of sustainable, effective, and low-cost materials for thermal and sound insulation.
A neutrino mass model is suggested within an Formula omitted-electroweak theory. The smallness of neutrino masses can be guaranteed by a seesaw mechanism realized through Yukawa couplings to a scalar ...SU(4)-decuplet. In this scheme the light active neutrinos are accompanied by heavy neutrinos, which may have masses at different scales, including those within eV-MeV scales investigated quite intensively in both particle physics and astrophysics/cosmology. The flavour neutrinos are superpositions of light neutrinos and a small fraction of heavy neutrinos with the mixing to be determined by the model's parameters (Yukawa coupling coefficients or symmetry breaking scales). The distribution shape of the Yukawa couplings can be visualized via a model-independent distribution of the neutrino mass matrix elements derived by using the current experimental data. The absolute values of these Yukawa couplings are able to be determined if the symmetry breaking scales are known, and vice versa. With reference to several current and near future experiments, detectable bounds of these heavy neutrinos at different mass scales are discussed and estimated.
Abstract
In this study, nanocatalyst NiPd was synthesized via a successful two-stage reduction process with NaBH
4
and PVP. More specifically, the first stage involves NaBH
4
reduction of Ni
2+
ion ...to metallic Ni. Afterwards, Pd would be coated on the surface of the aformentioned Ni particles by reducing Pd
2+
using the remaining NaBH
4
. The effect of experimental parameters on the synthesis and catalytic activity of the nanocatalysts, such as reaction temperature (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 °C), reaction time (60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes), Pd:Ni mole ratio (1:10, 3:10, 5:10, 7:10, 9:10). were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyse the surface structure, composition and morphology of the catalyst samples. The catalytic activity and stability of the resulting NiPd/C catalysts were investigated towards the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline environment by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. The results showed that the highest catalytic activity was found for the sample synthesized at 50 °C with 120-minute reaction time and the Pd:Ni molar ratio of 5:10. The influence of KOH and methanol concentrations on the catalytic activity of NiPd/C for methanol oxidation reaction in alkaline medium was also investigated. The results demonstrated the promising potential of NiPd/C nanomaterials as catalyst materials for the anodic layer in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Abstract A neutrino mass model is suggested within an $$SU(4)\otimes U(1)$$ SU(4)⊗U(1) -electroweak theory. The smallness of neutrino masses can be guaranteed by a seesaw mechanism realized through ...Yukawa couplings to a scalar SU(4)-decuplet. In this scheme the light active neutrinos are accompanied by heavy neutrinos, which may have masses at different scales, including those within eV–MeV scales investigated quite intensively in both particle physics and astrophysics/cosmology. The flavour neutrinos are superpositions of light neutrinos and a small fraction of heavy neutrinos with the mixing to be determined by the model’s parameters (Yukawa coupling coefficients or symmetry breaking scales). The distribution shape of the Yukawa couplings can be visualized via a model-independent distribution of the neutrino mass matrix elements derived by using the current experimental data. The absolute values of these Yukawa couplings are able to be determined if the symmetry breaking scales are known, and vice versa. With reference to several current and near future experiments, detectable bounds of these heavy neutrinos at different mass scales are discussed and estimated.
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