The CLCV, one of the French consumer associations participating in the General State of Food in 2017, has been clear about the expectations of consumers: they want quality. CRÉDOC has identified ...thirteen quality characteristics for which the consumer could be willing to pay more. Seven are cited by a very large majority of respondents: reliability (93%), efficacy (92%), taste (91%), safety (90%), shelf life (87%), respect for the environment (87%) and ease of use (81%).
Données récentes sur les apports en acides gras des Français Tressou, Jessica; Pasteau, Stéphane; Darrigo Dartinet, Solveig ...
Oilseeds and fats, crops and lipids/OCL. Oilseeds & fats crops and lipids,
05/2016, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
L’Anses a mis à disposition en accès libre en septembre 2014 l’ensemble des données brutes obtenues dans l’étude individuelle nationale sur les consommations alimentaires 2006–2007 (INCA 2). Terres ...Univia, a fait réaliser une étude statistique détaillée des apports en acides gras de la population française et de la place des matières grasses végétales dans ces apports. Ces apports ont pu être comparés aux apports nutritionnels conseillés (ANC) pour les acides gras définis par l’Anses en mars 2010. L’étude révèle que, pour la population adulte, l’apport total moyen quotidien en lipides est de 38,0 % de l’apport énergétique total sans alcool (AESA), ce qui est conforme aux ANC (35–40 % de l’AESA). Pour autant, l’analyse détaillée montre que l’apport de certains acides gras est parfois éloigné des valeurs recommandées par l’Anses. Il est donc important de savoir choisir ses matières grasses. En septembre 2015, l’Anses a publié son propre rapport sur les apports en acides gras de la population vivant en France et leur comparaison aux ANC 2010. Les résultats de l’Anses sont semblables à ceux de Terres Univia. In September 2014, the French agency for food, environmental and occupational health & safety (Anses) allowed free access to all the raw data obtained from its national study on individual food consumption 2006–2007 (INCA 2). Terres Univia wishes to improve knowledge of plant-based fats. To this end, Terres Univia led a detailed statistical study of the French population’s intake of fatty acids and of the contribution of plant-based fats to this intake. It was then possible to compare this intake data to the recommended dietary intake (RDI) of fatty acids defined by Anses in 2010. The study reveals that, for the adult population, the total average daily intake of fat is 38.0% of the total energy intake excluding alcohol (EIEA). This figure meets the RDI, i.e. 35–40% of the EIEA. However, detailed analysis reveals that the intake of certain fatty acid (FA) fails to satisfy in some cases the values recommended by Anses. Thus it is important to choose the fat you eat. In September 2015, Anses issued its own report on the fatty acids intakes of the population living in France, and the comparison to the RDI 2010. Their results are similar to those of Terres Univia.
No antibody response in acral cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID‐19? Mahieu, R.; Tillard, L.; Le Guillou‐Guillemette, H. ...
JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,
October 2020, Letnik:
34, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Skins symptoms during COVID‐19 have been recently described but their relation to SARS‐CoV‐2 is unclear while results for real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) testing ...were variable. Recalcati et al. reported 14 cases of patients with skin symptoms consistent with previous described COVID‐19 lesions but all the patients were tested negative. They asked for a serology to validate the hypothesis that these lesions are related to COVID‐19.
•Carbonaceous chondrites contain a diversity of organic compounds of debated origin.•We submitted a common constituent of interstellar ices to hydrothermal conditions.•A single molecule leads to a ...very diverse suite of soluble organic compounds.•A macromolecular, insoluble organic material also forms during the experiments.•Some of the chondritic compounds may result from asteroidal hydrothermal processes.
Carbonaceous chondrites (CC) contain a diversity of organic compounds. No definitive evidence for a genetic relationship between these complex organic molecules and the simple organic molecules detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) has yet been reported. One of the many difficulties arises from the transformations of organic compounds during accretion and hydrothermal alteration on asteroids. Here, we report results of hydrothermal alteration experiments conducted on a common constituent of interstellar ice analogs, Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT – C6H12N4). We submitted HMT to asteroidal hydrothermal conditions at 150 °C, for various durations (up to 31 days) and under alkaline pH. Organic products were characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Results show that, within a few days, HMT has evolved into (1) a very diverse suite of soluble compounds dominated by N-bearing aromatic compounds (> 150 species after 31 days), including for instance formamide, pyridine, pyrrole and their polymers (2) an aromatic and N-rich insoluble material that forms after only 7 days of experiment and then remains stable through time. The reaction pathways leading to the soluble compounds likely include HMT dissociation, formose and Maillard-type reactions, e.g. reactions of sugar derivatives with amines. The present study demonstrates that, if interstellar organic compounds such as HMT had been accreted by chondrite parent bodies, they would have undergone chemical transformations during hydrothermal alteration, potentially leading to the formation of high molecular weight insoluble organic molecules. Some of the diversity of soluble and insoluble organic compounds found in CC may thus result from asteroidal hydrothermal alteration.
In dairy cows, diet is one factor that can affect their milk production and composition. However, the effect of feed restriction on milk miRNome has not yet been described. Indeed, milk is the body ...fluid with the highest RNA concentration, which includes numerous microRNA. Its presence in the four different milk fractions, whole milk, fat globules, mammary epithelial cells and extracellular vesicles, is still poorly documented. This study aimed to describe the effects of different feed restrictions on the miRNome composition of different milk fractions. Two feed restrictions were applied to lactating dairy cows, one of high intensity and one of moderate intensity. 2,896 mature microRNA were identified in the different milk fractions studied, including 1,493 that were already known in the bovine species. Among the 1,096 microRNA that were sufficiently abundant to be informative, the abundance of 1,027 of them varied between fractions: 36 of those were exclusive to one milk fraction. Feed restriction affected the abundance of 155 microRNA, with whole milk and milk extracellular vesicles being the most affected, whereas milk fat globules and exfoliated mammary epithelial cells were little or not affected at all. The high intensity feed restriction led to more microRNA variations in milk than moderate restriction. The target prediction of known microRNA that varied under feed restriction suggested the modification of some key pathways for lactation related to milk fat and protein metabolisms, cell cycle, and stress responses. This study highlighted that the miRNome of each milk fraction is specific, with mostly the same microRNA composition but with variations in abundance between fractions. These specific miRNomes were affected differently by feed restrictions, the intensity of which appeared to be a major factor modulating milk miRNomes. These findings offer opportunities for future research on the use of milk miRNA as biomarkers of energy status in dairy cows, which is affected by feed restrictions.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The aim of our study was to determine the association between specific comorbidities ...and COPD severity.
Pulmonologists included patients with COPD using a web-site questionnaire. Diagnosis of COPD was made using spirometry post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 70%. The questionnaire included the following domains: demographic criteria, clinical symptoms, functional tests, comorbidities and therapeutic management. COPD severity was classified according to GOLD 2011. First we performed a principal component analysis and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis to describe the cluster of comorbidities.
One thousand, five hundred and eighty-four patients were included in the cohort during the first 2 years. The distribution of COPD severity was: 27.4% in group A, 24.7% in group B, 11.2% in group C, and 36.6% in group D. The mean age was 66.5 (sd: 11), with 35% of women. Management of COPD differed according to the comorbidities, with the same level of severity. Only 28.4% of patients had no comorbidities associated with COPD. The proportion of patients with two comorbidities was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in GOLD B (50.4%) and D patients (53.1%) than in GOLD A (35.4%) and GOLD C ones (34.3%). The cluster analysis showed five phenotypes of comorbidities: cluster 1 included cardiac profile; cluster 2 included less comorbidities; cluster 3 included metabolic syndrome, apnea and anxiety-depression; cluster 4 included denutrition and osteoporosis and cluster 5 included bronchiectasis. The clusters were mostly significantly associated with symptomatic patients i.e. GOLD B and GOLD D.
This study in a large real-life cohort shows that multimorbidity is common in patients with COPD.
ABSTRACT
We report in this paper the test of a plane holographic optical element to be used as an aberration-corrected grating for a slitless spectrograph, inserted in a convergent telescope beam. ...Our long-term objective is the optimization of a specific hologram to switch the auxiliary telescope imager of the Vera Rubin Observatory into an accurate slitless spectrograph, dedicated to the atmospheric transmission measurement. We present and discuss here the promising results of tests performed with prototype holograms at the CTIO $0.9\,$m telescope during a run of 17 nights in 2017 May–June. After their on-sky geometrical characterization, the performances of the holograms as aberration-balanced dispersive optical elements have been established by analysing spectra obtained from spectrophotometric standard stars and narrow-band emitter planetary nebulae. Thanks to their additional optical function, our holographic disperser prototypes allow us to produce significantly better focused spectra within the full visible wavelength domain $370,1050\,$nm than a regular grating, which suffers from strong defocusing and aberrations when used in similar conditions. We show that the resolution of our slitless on-axis spectrograph equipped with the hologram approaches its theoretical performance. While estimating the benefits of a hologram for the spectrum resolution, the roadmap to produce a competitive holographic element for the Vera Rubin Observatory auxiliary telescope has been established.
Abstract
Background
The global COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to indirectly impact transmission dynamics and prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). It is unknown what ...combined impact reductions in sexual activity and interruptions in HIV/STI services will have on HIV/STI epidemic trajectories.
Methods
We adapted a model of HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia for a population of approximately 103 000 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Atlanta area. Model scenarios varied the timing, overlap, and relative extent of COVID-19–related sexual distancing and service interruption within 4 service categories (HIV screening, preexposure prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, and STI treatment).
Results
A 50% relative decrease in sexual partnerships and interruption of all clinical services, both lasting 18 months, would generally offset each other for HIV (total 5-year population impact for Atlanta MSM, −227 cases), but have net protective effect for STIs (−23 800 cases). If distancing lasted only 3 months but service interruption lasted 18 months, the total 5-year population impact would be an additional 890 HIV cases and 57 500 STI cases.
Conclusions
Immediate action to limit the impact of service interruptions is needed to address the indirect effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV/STI epidemic.
The transmission model of HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia among men who have sex with men in the Atlanta area demonstrates the impact of changes to sexual behavior and disruptions to HIV/STI clinical services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract
We present findings of the detection of Magnesium II (Mg
ii
,
λ
= 2796, 2803 Å) absorbers from the early data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). DESI is projected to ...obtain spectroscopy of approximately 3 million quasars (QSOs), of which over 99% are anticipated to be at redshifts greater than
z
> 0.3, such that DESI would be able to observe an associated or intervening Mg
ii
absorber illuminated by the background QSO. We have developed an autonomous supplementary spectral pipeline that detects these systems through an initial line-fitting process and then confirms the line properties using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler. Based upon a visual inspection of the resulting systems, we estimate that this sample has a purity greater than 99%. We have also investigated the completeness of our sample in regard to both the signal-to-noise properties of the input spectra and the rest-frame equivalent width (
W
0
) of the absorber systems. From a parent catalog containing 83,207 quasars, we detect a total of 23,921 Mg
ii
absorption systems following a series of quality cuts. Extrapolating from this occurrence rate of 28.8% implies a catalog at the completion of the five-year DESI survey that will contain over eight hundred thousand Mg
ii
absorbers. The cataloging of these systems will enable significant further research because they carry information regarding circumgalactic medium environments, the distribution of intervening galaxies, and the growth of metallicity across the redshift range 0.3 ≤
z
< 2.5.
The origin of the diverse organic compounds present in carbonaceous chondrites (CC) remains uncertain. We aim at investigating the role that hydrothermal alteration may have had on the molecular ...evolution of organic matter (OM). In particular, within CC matrices, OM is intimately embedded within phyllosilicates down to the nanometer scale, which raises the question of the influence of phyllosilicates on OM transformation during hydrothermal alteration on parent bodies. We conducted hydrothermal experiments at 150 °C and alkaline pH, using a well-known molecule present in processed interstellar ice analogues, the hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), in the presence of Al- and Fe-rich smectites. Experimental products were characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Within 31 days, the HMT + smectites + H2O system leads to (1) the formation of a diverse suite of soluble organic compounds, yet less abundant and less complex than in the absence of smectite, (2) carbon-rich smectite residues (3.8 wt.% and 2.6 wt.% of carbon for the Al- and Fe-rich smectite residues, respectively). In addition, the abundance and molecular composition of the final organic compounds depend on the nature of the phyllosilicate (Al vs. Fe-smectite). Various and complex interaction mechanisms could occur between OM and smectite. Physisorption, chemisorption and intercalation processes have likely entrapped a significant portion of the organic compounds, thereby altering their chemical evolution. The present work demonstrates that the presence and the nature of phyllosilicates influences the reaction pathways of organic compounds during hydrothermal alteration and that the presence of organic compounds may impact the mineral assemblage. This could have had significant importance for the co-evolution of OM and mineral phases in primitive bodies during hydrothermal alteration.
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