Signal shapes in multiwire proportional chamber-based TPCs Windelband, J. Alme T. Alt H. Appelshäuser M. Arslandok R. Averbeck E. Bartsch P. Becht L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger H. Buesching H. Caines P. Christiansen F. Costa U. Frankenfeld J. J. Gaardhøje C. Garabatos P. Glässel T. Gunji H. Hamagaki J. W. Harris E. Hellbär H. Helstrup M. Ivanov J. Jung M. Jung A. Junique A. Kalweit R. Keidel S. Kirsch M. Kleiner M. Kowalski M. Krüger C. Lippmann M. Mager S. Masciocchi A. Matyja D. Miśkowiec R. H. Munzer L. Musa B. S. Nielsen J. Otwinowski M. Pikna A. Rehman R. Renfordt D. Röhrich H. S. Scheid C. Schmidt H. R. Schmidt K. Schweda Y. Sekiguchi D. Silvermyr B. Sitar J. Stachel K. Ullaland R. Veenhof V. Vislavicius J. Wiechula B
arXiv.org,
12/2023
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
A large-volume Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main tracking and particle identification (PID) detector of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. PID in the TPC is performed via specific ...energy-loss measurements (dE/dx), which are derived from the average pulse-height distribution of ionization generated by charged-particle tracks traversing the TPC volume. During Runs 1 and 2, until 2018, the gas amplification stage was based on multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC). Signals from the MWPC show characteristic long negative tails after an initial positive peak due to the long ion drift times in the MWPC amplification region. This so-called ion tail can lead to a significant amplitude loss in subsequently measured signals, especially in the high-multiplicity environment of high-energy Pb-Pb collisions, which results in a degradation of the dE/dx resolution. A detailed study of the signal shapes measured with the ALICE TPC with the Ne-CO2 (90-10) and Ar-CO2 (90-10) gas mixtures is presented, and the results are compared with three-dimensional Garfield simulations. The impact of the ion tail on the PID performance is studied employing the ALICE simulation framework and the feasibility of an offline correction procedure to account for the ion tail is demonstrated.
A large Time Projection Chamber is the main device for tracking and charged-particle identification in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. After the second long shutdown in 2019/20, the LHC will ...deliver Pb beams colliding at an interaction rate of about 50 kHz, which is about a factor of 50 above the present readout rate of the TPC. This will result in a significant improvement on the sensitivity to rare probes that are considered key observables to characterize the QCD matter created in such collisions. In order to make full use of this luminosity, the currently used gated Multi-Wire Proportional Chambers will be replaced. The upgrade relies on continuously operated readout detectors employing Gas Electron Multiplier technology to retain the performance in terms of particle identification via the measurement of the specific energy loss by ionization d\(E\)/d\(x\). A full-size readout chamber prototype was assembled in 2014 featuring a stack of four GEM foils as an amplification stage. The performance of the prototype was evaluated in a test beam campaign at the CERN PS. The d\(E\)/d\(x\) resolution complies with both the performance of the currently operated MWPC-based readout chambers and the challenging requirements of the ALICE TPC upgrade program. Detailed simulations of the readout system are able to reproduce the data.
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the standard model. The
Ricochet
experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of ...the CEνNS spectrum at the Institut Laue–Langevin nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment plans to employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass of around 30 g and an energy threshold of below 100 eV. The array includes nine detectors read out by transition-edge sensors (TES). These TES-based detectors will also serve as demonstrators for future neutrino experiments with thousands of detectors. In this article, we present an update on the characterization and modeling of a prototype TES detector.
Properties of Low TC AlMn TES Wang, G.; Bratrud, G.; Chang, C. L. ...
Journal of low temperature physics,
2024/5, Letnik:
215, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Low T
C
AlMn transition-edge sensors (TESs) have been developed as sensitive thermometers for the Q-Array, which will use superconducting targets to measure the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus ...scattering spectrum in the RICOCHET experiment. The TESs are made of manganese-doped aluminum with a titanium and gold antioxidation layer. A prototype TES thermometer consists of two TESs in parallel, an input gold pad in metallic contact with the TESs and an output gold pad and gold thermal link meanders, which are each designed to control the flow of heat through the TESs. We have fabricated and measured low T
C
AlMn TES chips with or without thermal flow control structures. We present T
C
measurements of the TESs after the initial fabrication and further T
C
tuning by re-heating and summarize the thermal property studies of the prototype TES thermometer by measuring I-V curves and complex impedance.
In recent years, the lack of a conclusive detection of WIMP dark matter at the 10 GeV/c\(^{2}\) mass scale and above has encouraged development of low-threshold detector technology aimed at probing ...lighter dark matter candidates. Detectors based on Cooper-pair-breaking sensors have emerged as a promising avenue for this detection due to the low (meV-scale) energy required for breaking a Cooper pair in most superconductors. Among them, devices based on superconducting qubits are interesting candidates for sensing due to their observed sensitivity to broken Cooper pairs. We have developed an end-to-end G4CMP-based simulation framework and have used it to evaluate performance metrics of qubit-based devices operating in a gate-based "energy relaxation" readout scheme, akin to those used in recent studies of qubit sensitivity to ionizing radiation. We find that for this readout scheme, the qubit acts as a phonon sensor with an energy threshold ranging down to \(\simeq\)0.4 eV for near-term performance parameters.
Cryogenic calorimetric experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta
decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) are highly competitive, scalable and versatile in
isotope. The largest planned detector array, ...CUPID, is comprised of about 1500
individual Li$_2^{100}$MoO$_{4}$ detector modules with a further scale up
envisioned for a follow up experiment (CUPID-1T). In this article, we present a
novel detector concept targeting this second stage with a low impedance TES
based readout for the Li$_2$MoO$_{4}$ absorber that is easily mass-produced and
lends itself to a multiplexed readout. We present the detector design and
results from a first prototype detector operated at the NEXUS shallow
underground facility at Fermilab. The detector is a 2-cm-side cube with 21$\,$g
mass that is strongly thermally coupled to its readout chip to allow rise-times
of $\sim$0.5$\,$ms. This design is more than one order of magnitude faster than
present NTD based detectors and is hence expected to effectively mitigate
backgrounds generated through the pile-up of two independent two neutrino decay
events coinciding close in time. Together with a baseline resolution of
1.95$\,$keV (FWHM) these performance parameters extrapolate to a background
index from pile-up as low as $5\cdot 10^{-6}\,$counts/keV/kg/yr in CUPID size
crystals. The detector was calibrated up to the MeV region showing sufficient
dynamic range for $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches. In combination with a SuperCDMS
HVeV detector this setup also allowed us to perform a precision measurement of
the scintillation time constants of Li$_2$MoO$_{4}$. The crystal showed a
significant fast scintillation emission with O(10$\,\mu$s) time-scale, more
than an order below the detector response of presently considered light
detectors suggesting the possibility of further progress in pile-up rejection
through better light detectors in the future.
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE\(\nu\)NS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment aims to perform a precision ...measurement of the CE\(\nu\)NS spectrum at the Institut Laue-Langevin nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment plans to employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass around 30 g and an energy threshold of sub-100 eV. The array includes nine detectors read out by Transition-Edge Sensors (TES). These TES based detectors will also serve as demonstrators for future neutrino experiments with thousands of detectors. In this article we present an update in the characterization and modeling of a prototype TES detector.
We measure space- and time-correlated charge jumps on a four-qubit device, operating 107 meters below the Earth's surface in a low-radiation, cryogenic facility designed for the characterization of ...low-threshold particle detectors. The rock overburden of this facility reduces the cosmic ray muon flux by over 99% compared to laboratories at sea level. Combined with 4\(\pi\) coverage of a movable lead shield, this facility enables quantifiable control over the flux of ionizing radiation on the qubit device. Long-time-series charge tomography measurements on these weakly charge-sensitive qubits capture discontinuous jumps in the induced charge on the qubit islands, corresponding to the interaction of ionizing radiation with the qubit substrate. The rate of these charge jumps scales with the flux of ionizing radiation on the qubit package, as characterized by a series of independent measurements on another energy-resolving detector operating simultaneously in the same cryostat with the qubits. Using lead shielding, we achieve a minimum charge jump rate of 0.19\(^{+0.04}_{-0.03}\) mHz, almost an order of magnitude lower than that measured in surface tests, but a factor of roughly eight higher than expected based on reduction of ambient gammas alone. We operate four qubits for over 22 consecutive hours with zero correlated charge jumps at length scales above three millimeters.
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