Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a diverse cancer with no well-defined tumor antigen, associated with oncogenic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and with usually late-stage diagnosis and survival <40%. ...Current radiotherapy and chemotherapy have low effectiveness and cause adverse effects, which calls for the need of new therapy. In this regard, adoptive immunotherapy using γδ T cells has potential, but needs to be coupled with butyrophilin 2A1 and 3A1 protein expression to achieve tumoricidal effect.
Human γδ T cells were expanded (with Zol or PTA) and used for cytotoxicity assay against NPC cells, which were treated with the EBV EBNA1-targeting peptide (L
)P
. Effect of (L
)P
on BTN2A1/BTN3A1 expression in NPC cells was examined by flow cytometry and Western blot. An NPC-bearing NSG mice model was established to test the effectiveness of P
and adoptive γδ T cells. Immunofluorescence was performed on NPC tissue sections to examine the presence of γδ T cells and expression of BTN2A1 and BTN3A1. EBV gene expression post-(L
)P
treatment was assessed by qRT-PCR, and the relationship of LMP1, NLRC5 and BTN2A1/BTN3A1 was examined by transfection, reporter assay, Western blot, and inhibition experiments.
Zol- or PTA-expanded the Vδ2 subset of γδ T cells that exerted killing against certain NPC cells. (L
)P
reactivates latent EBV, which increased BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 expression and conferred higher susceptibility towards Vδ2 T cells cytotoxicity
, as well as enhanced tumor regression
by adoptive transfer of Vδ2 T cells. Mechanistically, (L
)P
induced EBV LMP1, leading to IFN-γ/p-JNK and NLRC5 activation, and subsequently stimulated the expression of BTN2A1 and BTN3A1.
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using the EBV-targeting probe (L
)P
and adoptive γδ T cells as a promising combinatorial immunotherapy against NPC. The identification of the LMP1-IFN-γ/p-JNK-NLRC5-BTN2A1/BTN3A1 axis may lead to new insight and therapeutic targets against NPC and other EBV
tumors.
Piezoelectric materials are widely used to form piezoelectric energy harvesters. Also, the thermoelastic dissipation always influences the energy harvesting efficiency, during the energy harvest ...process. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the effect of thermoelastic dissipation on the piezoelectric harvester through numerical calculation, simulation and experiment. The piezoelectric thermoelastic coupling governing equations under different vibration are derived, which are based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, thermal conduction model and piezoelectric field model. Then, the structure frequency shift and thermoelastic damping are studied via numerical calculation and simulation. Meanwhile, we show the influence of the temperature field on the piezoelectric structure under different vibration modes. Furth more, we research the variations of piezoelectric structure thermoelastic dissipation characteristics under different structure geometry sizes. Based on these analyses, the effect of piezoelectric thermoelastic dissipation on the piezoelectric harvester is researched
In this paper, we prove the existence of the positive large solutions for the equation
div
(
|
∇
u
|
m
-
2
∇
u
)
+
λ
(
|
x
|
)
|
∇
u
|
m
-
1
=
φ
(
x
,
u
(
x
)
)
in the whole space
R
N
(
N
⩾
3
)
, ...where
λ
:
0
,
∞
)
→
0
,
∞
)
is a continuous function and
m
>
1, with
φ
:
R
N
×
0
,
∞
)
→
0
,
∞
)
is required to satisfy some hypotheses detailed blow. More precisely, we will give a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of an entire large radial solution and a necessary condition for the existence of the entire large positive radial solution.
By a perturbation method and constructing comparison functions, we show the exact asymptotic behavior of solutions near the boundary to quasilinear elliptic problem
where Ω is a
C
2
bounded domain ...with smooth boundary,
m
>1,
q
∈(1,
m
/(
m
−1),
g
∈
C
0,∞)∩
C
1
(0,∞),
g
(0)=0,
g
is increasing on 0,∞), and
b
is non-negative and non-trivial in Ω, which may be singular on the boundary.
Abstract-Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) can enable a broad range of applications; data aggregation is a fundamental task in such multi-hop wireless sensor networks. To the best of our ...knowledge, none of existing research works have addressed the interference-free data aggregation scheduling problem in UWSNs. In this paper, we formally define the data aggregation model in UWSNs. We propose a realistic aggregation scheduling scheme together with its theoretical latency bound R h (C(Δ - 1) + D), where R h and Δ are the hop radius and the max degree of the network respectively while C and D is a constant. Specifically, we introduce the concept of Virtual Slot to efficiently exploit multiplexing opportunities of time domain. Compared with naively adapted terrestrial algorithms, the evaluation results show that our proposed algorithm achieve far better performance especially when the packet size is small or the node density is high.
Dynamic application placement for clustered web applications heavily influences system performance and quality of user experience. Existing approaches claim that they strive to maximize the ...throughput, keep resource utilization balanced across servers, and minimize the start/stop cost of application instances. However, they fail to minimize the worst case of server utilization; the load balancing performance is not optimal. What's more, some applications need to communicate with each other, which we called dependent applications; the network cost of them also should be taken into consideration. In this paper, we investigate how to minimize the resource utilization of servers in the worst case, aiming at improving load balancing among clustered servers. Our contribution is two-fold. First we propose and define a new optimization objectives: limiting the worst case of each individual server's utilization, formulated by a min-max problem. A novel framework based on binary search is proposed to detect an optimal load balancing solution. Second, we define system cost as the weighted combination of both placement change and inter-application communication cost. By maximizing the number of instances of dependent applications that reside in the same set of servers, the basic load-shifting and placement-change procedures are enhanced to minimize whole system cost. Extensive experiments have been conducted and effectively demonstrate that: 1) the proposed framework achieves a good allocation for clustered web applications. In other words, requests are evenly allocated among servers, and throughput is still maximized; 2) the total system cost maintains at a low level; 3) our algorithm has the capacity of approximating an optimal solution within polynomial time and is promising for practical implementation in real deployments.
When a plane flies under freezing weather conditions, it is prone to icing on the surface because of the impact of supercooled water droplets in the clouds. Icing of aircraft seriously endangers ...flight safety, and accidents caused by ice accretion occur frequently. To deal with the icing, aircraft is usually equipped with anti-icing systems. With the development of the composites, the composite electric anti-icing system has become the frontier research direction in this field. Numerical simulation method was used to study the system in this paper. The most difficult part of the simulation was to simulate the anisotropy of the composite. Fluent's user-defined scalers (UDS) was introduced to simulate the multilayer anisotropic thermal conductivity of composite materials. It is of great significance to the application of composite electric anti-icing icing system.
According to the characteristics of coal seam mining, an intelligent monitoring system of coal mine abscission is designed. The intelligent monitoring device includes micro laser ranging module, an ...integrated protective fixture, wireless transmission module, DC module, base station and upper computer software. In this paper, the structure of the system and the arrangement of measuring points are presented, the hardware and software design of the system used to accurately measure the displacement of roof abscission layer is introduced in detail, and the alarm threshold of roof abscission layer displacement is analyzed. The test results show that the system can monitor the displacement of the roof separation layer in real time.
Within the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) domain, AI-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions ...often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an AI4EDA approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding, overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This paper argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-native EDA, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, RTL designs, circuit netlists, and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models (LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-native philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound shift-left in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area (PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.
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