Today’s children are growing up and spending most of their free time with media, especially social networks, on which various lifestyles are imposed every day, including ideals of beauty that are ...often based on physical appearance and far from authentic images of the observed object. In this paper, it is shown how the topic of beauty is presented throughout the history of art, with a special focus on the presentation of beauty in theology. Additionally, the paper investigates how much the topic of beauty is treated within the Croatian formal education system, with a particular emphasis on the representation of beauty and to what extent children are prepared to critically evaluate the representation of beauty in different types of media, but also to reflect on the potential impact of such content on themselves. Research has shown that most such content is present in the subjects of Visual Culture, Visual Arts, Croatian Language and Informatics. The paper also presents such contents in the Catholic religious education curricula. In addition to imposed media ideals of beauty affecting childrens’ self-confidence, they are often the subject of peer violence, especially in the virtual world. Specifically, humiliation based on physical appearance is a common form of cyberbullying. To determine how physical appearance is used in such unacceptable behavior among children, all the posts that have arrived on UHO, the first online platform for the prevention of cyberbullying in Croatia, were analyzed. Research has shown that girls report such forms of abuse more often than boys, that cyberbullying based on appearance most often occurs inside closed groups or private messages rather than publicly on social networks, and that children rarely report to adults that they are the victims of such forms of violence.
Today’s societies live in a world where the media construct reality, which also affects each individual media user. Children and their parents spend most of their time with digital media and ...contents. Therefore, researchers emphasize the importance of digital literacy of media users. They analyse new phenomena, challenges and risks associated with the anthropological, cognitive and social development of children and young people. An important role in media and digital education is played not only by teachers and schools, but also by parents and family. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the theoretical approaches to digital media literacy, so-called digital parenting, and to interpret the results of the latest research in Croatia devoted to the digital habits of parents, their attitudes towards parental mediation strategies as well as to their satisfaction with the programmes of media literacy in the education system.
Rad tematizira kriznu komunikaciju na primjeru prvog vala pandemije COVID-19 s kojim se Vlada RH suočila u 2020. godini. Svrha istraživanja bila je utvrditi obilježja internetske komunikacije Vlade. ...Analizirali smo uokvirivanja teme i reaktivne strategije komuniciranja, utjecaj intenziteta ugroze na intenzitet komunikacije Vlade te vidljivost premijera. U radu je korištena metoda analize sadržaja. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na umjereno pozitivnu korelaciju intenziteta ugroze i intenziteta komunikacije Vlade. Nalazi također pokazuju da se Vladina komunikacija pretežno nije manifestirala kroz vidljivost premijera. U najvećem broju objava Vlade dominira medijski okvir odgovornosti, a analiza reaktivnih strategija komuniciranja je pokazala kako je u najvećem broju slučajeva dominantna strategija korektivnog ponašanja.
The paper discusses crisis communication using the example of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, which the Government of the Republic of Croatia faced in 2020. The purpose of the research was to determine the characteristics of the Government’s internet communication. We analyzed issue framing and reactive communication strategies, the influence of the intensity of the threat on the intensity of the Government's communication, and the visibility of the Prime Minister.The method of content analysis was used in the paper. The conducted research indicated a moderately positive correlation between the intensity of the threat and the intensity of the Government’s communication. The findings show that the Government’s communication was not predominantly manifested through the visibility of the Prime Minister. In most of the Government’s releases, the frame of responsibility dominates, while the analysis of reactive communication strategies showed that rectifying behavior is the dominant strategy in most cases.
Rad prikazuje anketne rezultate (samo)procjene vrijednosti hrvatskih nogometnih trenera (N=139). U radu je za istraživanje korišten Schwartzov upitnik Portrait Values Questionnaire (2001, PVQ). ...Istraživanje je provedeno 2017. godine u suradnji s Hrvatskom nogometnom akademijom, a rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su za hrvatske trenere visoko rangirane vrijednosti dobrohotnost (M=4,89), univerzalizam (4,75), nezavisnost (4,76) i sigurnost (M=4,24). Vrijednosti koje odražavaju orijentaciju pojedinca prema samom sebi – poput moći (M=3,13), dostignuća (M=3,98), hedonizma (M=3,99) – treneri ocjenjuju prosječno nižim ocjenama. Analiza rezultata istodobno pokazuje da postoje razlike u odabiru vrijednosti između podskupina trenera (UEFA A, UEFA B i UEFA PRO). Iako je svim podskupinama dobrohotnost na prvome mjestu, treneri se razlikuju u vrijednostima tradicije, dostignuća, hedonizma, sigurnosti i konformizma. Schwartzov model ne pokazuje zadovoljavajuće metrijske karakteristike na odabranom specifičnom uzorku ispitanika. Rezultati su pokazali da je na ukupnom uzorku svih trenera kao i kod trenerskih skupina faktorska struktura vrijednosti samo djelomično u skladu sa Schwartzovom teorijom univerzalnih sadržaja i strukture vrijednosti.
In certain periods, at certain places and in certain media, the reputation and credibility of the journalistic profession has suff ered for a number of reasons, including ignorance, mediocrity, ...dishonorable or morally questionable methods of journalists, or scandalous, fabricated or partial news stories. This is the opinion of Luka Brajnović, whose reflections in a comparative analysis with other authors comprise the ”contemplative axis” of this article. The fundamental task and goal of this article is to present and analyze Mr Brajnović’s refl ections on the possibility of saving or restoring the reputation and credibility of the journalistic profession. Journalists and the media will not be able to restore credibility as long as extravagant ideas exist about journalism as a profession that deals with ”public whispering, accusations and dissatisfaction with everything that has been established, or as a neutral profession that is ethically hybrid and indifferent towards good and evil”. Such an understanding of the journalistic profession runs against a positive image and reputation of journalism, a fi eld which is in itself worthy of respect of the entire public. In journalism, just as in other professions, unethical behavior on the part of a small number of journalists and media outlets casts a shadow on the journalistic profession as a whole, causing the reputation of the profession to become dependent upon a positive image and the reputation of those individuals working in it. As results of this article show – which for the fi rst time analytically approaches the scientific arguments and refl ections of Mr Brajnović in the Croatian public sphere – ethical and intellectual health, which can restore credibility to the journalistic profession, are the very elements rooted deep inside of it.
Children in the media is a popular topic in the literature on media literacy, but results indicate that much of the media content is not written in accordance with the existing legislation. This ...paper presents research on children's homes in the Croatian newspapers Jutarnji list and Večernji list in the period from 1 January to 31 December 2012. We conduct a content analysis that includes 60 newspaper articles about children's homes. The total number directly indicates that the coverage of children's homes as a relevant social issue is lacking. Both media and its audience must be more responsible in the context of reporting about children's homes. Therefore, this paper aims to point out the need for a special sensibility when reporting on children's homes, but also the greater need for the equal treatment of children connected to all social groups in the media.
Every Cloud has a Silver Lining Tuksar, Sunčana; Labaš, Danijel
Medijska istraživanja,
2021, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
During the COVID-19 lockdowns, images (memes, GIFs, pictures, etc.) were largely consumed via social media. The purpose of the study is to establish a relevant research model in order to ...contextualize images as transmedia communicative documents during lockdowns (March-June 2020). The research method is a visual semiotic analysis used to evaluate the data for inter-coded reliability. The corpus is comprised of 300 visual representations identified regarding the salient participants metaphorically represented as “real”. On the one hand, the semantic-sensory relationships between images and viewers rhetorically imply a proverbial frame ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’; on the other hand, the persuasive concept of humour is established by multimodal tools, which further shape the audience. The salient domains of ‘staying home’ and ‘going away’ point towards more specific variables, e.g. education or tourism. The results confirm the modality judgement of humorous construct as a valuable document regarding the pandemic situation. According to its unique rhetorical features produced by the image-message-receiver relationships, the consolidation of data sets the ground for strategies and signifiers, with the function of a) presenting the adaptation of norms and b) setting the ground for consequent studies. Conclusively, the survey was conducted at Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, which confirmed students’ positive attitudes about using images for visual literacy. New findings are juxtaposed with previous knowledge in order to enforce the proposed research as a model for further narrative cognition. One such example is the burning question of how the media shapes the general public opinion on the coronavirus vaccine.
Tijekom lockdowna uslijed pandemije bolesti COVID-19, putem društvenih mreža uvelike su se konzumirale slike (memovi, GIF-ovi, fotografije itd.). Svrha je istraživanja uspostaviti relevantan transmedijski komunikološki istraživački model kojim se pomoću slika kontekstualno dokumentira određeni period (ožujak – lipanj 2020.). Metoda je vizualna semiotička analiza, kojom se ispituju pouzdanosti kodiranja između slika. Korpus čini 300 vizualnih reprezentacija odabranih prema njihovim istaknutim sudionicima metaforički zastupljenima u odnosu na „stvarnost“. S jedne strane, semantičko-osjetilna veza između slike i promatrača retorički se implicira poslovicom „Svako zlo za neko dobro“. S druge strane, multimodalni alati uspostavljaju humorni persuazivni koncept koji oblikuje publiku. Istaknute domene „ostati doma“ i „izići“ upućuju na određenije varijable, npr. obrazovanje ili turizam. Rezultati potvrđuju modalne prosudbe vezane uz konstrukt humora kao valjanog dokumenta pandemijske situacije. S obzirom na jedinstvena obilježja proizvedena u odnosu slika – poruka – primatelj, konsolidacija podataka predstavlja uporište za strategije i označitelje u funkciji a) predstavljanja i adaptiranja normi te b) postavljanja temelja za buduća istraživanja. Shodno tome, na Sveučilištu Jurja Dobrile u Puli provedena je anketa kojom se potvrđuju pozitivni stavovi studenata za korištenje slika u svrhu medijske edukacije. Strukturiranjem prethodnih spoznaja i novih rezultata, ovo istraživanje postaje modelom za daljnje narativne spoznaje. Jedan je primjer važno pitanje kako mediji utječu na oblikovanje stavova javnosti u vezi cijepljenja protiv koronavirusa.
Pitanje gubljenja granica između onoga što možemo nazvati novinarstvom i onoga što bi se u medijskome prostoru moglo nazvati „nenovinarstvom“ nije novo. Ono se opetovano postavljalo uz razne pojave ...koje su u pravilu predstavljale nemale profesionalne i etičke izazove za novinarsku struku – od utjecaja korporativnog novinarstva na snažan trend tabloidizacije, preko tzv. građanskoga ili participativnoga novinarstva, sve do današnjih dana u kojima se postavljaju pitanja tko je novinar i što je novinarstvo na Mreži koja počiva na ideji kreativnoga korisničkog sustvaralaštva u kojoj svatko može biti autor. Pitanje budućnosti novinara kao autora naročito se ozbiljno postavlja u vrijeme sve bržega razvoja različitih alata vođenih tehnologijom umjetne inteligencije (UI), poput chatbota, za koje neki predviđaju snažniju primjenu i u novinarstvu. U teorijskom dijelu rada stoga se promišlja identitet novinara i njegova uloga kao profesionalnog autora u suvremenom digitalnom medijskom okružju. Drugi dio rada, s ciljem analiziranja stavova stručnjaka o budućnosti novinarske struke, donosi rezultate istraživanja provedenog metodom polustrukturiranih dubinskih intervjua sa sveučilišnim profesorima koji na pet hrvatskih sveučilišta obrazuju buduće novinare i poučavaju ih novinarskim žanrovima i medijskom izvještavanju. Istražuju se stavovi sveučilišnih profesora o umjetnoj inteligenciji i može li ona zamijeniti novinara kao autora medijskih sadržaja, hoće li umjetna inteligencija dovesti do „smrti“ novinara kao autora te kako će se, sukladno razvoju umjetne inteligencije, ali i tehnologije općenito, prema njihovim procjenama razvijati novinarska struka u Hrvatskoj, osobito u kontekstu obrazovanja i razvoja novinara – autora.
The issue of blurring the boundaries between what we can call journalism and what could be called “non-journalism” in the media is not new. It was raised repeatedly with various phenomena that represented considerable professional and ethical challenges for the journalistic profession—from the influence of corporate journalism on the strong trend of tabloidization, through the so-called citizen or participatory journalism, up to the present day in which questions are raised about who is a journalist and what is journalism on the Web which rests on the idea of user co-creation in which anyone can be an author. The question of the future of journalists as authors is particularly serious at a time of increasingly rapid development of various tools driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technology, such as chatbots, for which some predict a stronger application in journalism as well. In the theoretical part of the paper, the identity and the role of the journalist as a professional author in the contemporary digital media environment are considered. The second part of the paper, with the aim of analyzing the views of experts on the future of the journalism profession, presents the results of research conducted using the method of semi-structured in-depth interviews with university professors who educate future journalists at five Croatian universities and teach them journalistic genres and media reporting. The views of university professors on artificial intelligence are investigated and can artificial intelligence replace the journalist as the author of media content, will artificial intelligence lead to the "death" of the journalist as author, and how, in accordance with the development of artificial intelligence and technology in general, the journalism profession will develop in Croatia.
Sve veća izloženost različitih društvenih skupina medijima i njihov položaj u kojem su iz "sedme sile" postali "četvrta vlast", dovodi do okolnosti u kojima se nameće potreba za medijskim ...opismenjavanjem što većeg broja korisnika medijskih sadržaja. Zbog sve većeg broja medija i njihove opće dostupnosti, njihovu su utjecaju danas – više no ikada do sada – izloženi oni najosjetljiviji dijelovi društva, odnosno djeca i mladi. S obzirom na to da ne postoji dostatna institucionalizirana edukacija u obliku školskog predmeta ili izvannastavne aktivnosti, djeca su u procesu medijskog odgoja prepuštena sama sebi ili roditeljima, koji su i sami često nedovoljno medijski obrazovani, što rezultira nekritičkom i površnom percepcijom medijski posredovanih poruka. Zbog toga se nameće pitanje kako adolescenti percipiraju etičnost i etičke vrednote u elektroničkim medijima kojima su više izloženi, te njihove povezanosti s razinom medijske pismenosti. Od izoliranih čimbenika, kao što su stupanj obrazovanja roditelja, materijalne prilike obitelji te spolna struktura, utvrđeno je da postoje razlike u percepciji etičnosti između učenika i učenica, pri čemu se učenice pokazuju osjetljivijima na etička pitanja, no to nije povezano ni s jednim od čimbenika, dok je percepcija etičnosti kod učenika uvjetovana stupnjem obrazovanja oca pa je tako niža kod adolescenata čiji očevi imaju srednjoškolsko obrazovanje, u odnosu na one čiji očevi imaju višu ili visoku naobrazbu, što otvara nova pitanja o potrebi medijskoga odgoja za medijsko opismenjavanje širih slojeva društva, posebno djece i adolescenata.
Different social groups increased exposure to the media connected with media’s change of role from “seventh power” to the "fourth estate", brought to those circumstances that impose the need for media education to a wide audience. Due to a large amount of media and their general availability, the subject of their influence is now, more than ever, children and youth – or in other words, most sensitive parts of society. Given that there is no formal media education in Croatia in form of school subject, classes, or some extracurricular activities, in the vast jungle of media literacy, children are left on they own or they can rely on their parents who are in many cases inadequately educated about media themselves. Since the result of it can often be a shallow and uncritical perception of media communication, the question on how adolescent perceive ethics and ethical values in the media is being imposed. Out of the isolated factors like level of parental education, family’s financial situation and gender structure, it is determined that there are gender differences in perception of ethics, where females show a higher amount of sensitivity for ethical questions, but it is not connected with any of the factors. On the other hand, a perception of ethical values of the male adolescent is related to a level of education of their fathers and it is lower at those adolescents whose fathers have a lower education, which imposes new questions of the general need for media literacy and education, especially with children and adolescents.
Luka Brajnović (Kotor, 1919. – Pamplona, 2001.) bio je hrvatski književnik, novinar, publicist i teoretičar medija, koji je velik dio svojega života proveo djelujući u španjolskoj Pamploni. Prije ...odlaska iz Hrvatske, bio je suradnik časopisa „Luč“ i „Hrvatska straža“, a objavio je romane „Zaboravljene suze“ i „Tripo Kokoljić“. U Madridu je s dominikancem Hijacintom Eterovićem uređivao katoličku reviju „Osoba i duh“. Osnovao je nakladu „Osvit“, u kojoj je objavio djela Vinka Kriškovića, Augustina Juretića i Lucijana Kordića kao i Sveto Pismo u prepravljenom prijevodu nadbiskupa Šarića. Gotovo trideset godina pisao je kolumnu za vanjsku politiku u dnevniku „Diario de Navarra“. Usput je bio urednik u časopisu „Nuestro Tiempo“, surađujući i u nekoliko drugih revija u Španjolskoj, Portugalu i Meksiku. Ovaj rad u prvome dijelu sažeto prikazuje spisateljsko djelovanje Luke Brajnovića nakon odlaska u izbjeglištvo 1945. Potom se u istraživačkom dijelu rada posvećuje istraživanju priloga koji su objavljeni o njemu ili koje je on objavio u Hrvatskoj reviji od 1951. do 2000. jer to istraživanje do danas nije provedeno. U prilozima se nastoji otkriti spominje li ga se u kontekstu vrijednosti kršćanstva, kršćanske duhovnosti i nadahnuća i ima li ih u njegovim književnim, publicističkim i novinarskim tekstovima objavljenim u tom časopisu i u spomenutom razdoblju. Usporedno se njegov opus stavlja u kontekst skromne recepcije književne kritike njegovih djela objavljenih u Hrvatskoj.
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