Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is a result of the buildup of atherosclerosis within the coronary arteries. The role of the immune system in CAD is complex ...and multifaceted. The immune system responds to damage or injury to the arterial walls by initiating an inflammatory response. However, this inflammatory response can become chronic and lead to plaque formation. Neutrophiles, macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NKT cells play a key role in immunity response, both with proatherogenic and antiatherogenic signaling pathways. Recent findings provide new roles and activities referring to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, which help to clarify the intricate signaling crosstalk between the involved actors. Research is ongoing to explore immunomodulatory therapies that target the immune system to reduce inflammation and its contribution to atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the pathogenic interplay between immunity and CAD and the potential therapeutic strategies, and explore immunomodulatory therapies that target the immune system to reduce inflammation and its contribution to atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular disease still represents the main cause of mortality worldwide. Despite huge improvements, atherosclerosis persists as the principal pathological condition, both in stable and acute ...presentation. Specifically, acute coronary syndromes have received substantial research and clinical attention in recent years, contributing to improve overall patients' outcome. The identification of different evolution patterns of the atherosclerotic plaque and coronary artery disease has suggested the potential need of different treatment approaches, according to the mechanisms and molecular elements involved. In addition to traditional risk factors, the finer portrayal of other metabolic and lipid-related mediators has led to higher and deep knowledge of atherosclerosis, providing potential new targets for clinical management of the patients. Finally, the impressive advances in genetics and non-coding RNAs have opened a wide field of research both on pathophysiology and the therapeutic side that are extensively under investigation.
IoT Indoor Localization with AI Technique D'Aloia, Matteo; Longo, Annalisa; Guadagno, Gianluca ...
2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT,
2020-June
Conference Proceeding
In this paper, an innovative method for indoor localization based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE4) technology has been developed. By employing a mobile beacon, a wearable device and stationary anchors, ...the conceived tracking system is able to predict people position within buildings. Adopting the received signal strength indicator and a machine learning approach, good accuracy is reached without limiting the freedom and privacy of users.
Over the past few years, remote monitoring based services are developing in different domains such as traffic monitoring, healthcare, emergency management and environment protection. These ...applications presuppose the system ability to manage a lot of data coming from different systems. In this paper, the design of a module for remote and real-time monitoring of environmental parameters is indicated. The conceived architecture is based on the microservice paradigm and adopts the 2G data communication network.
An Arrhenius-based one-step scheme is derived for hydrogen-air combustion simulations. A Pre-Exponential Adjustment approach, based on an explicit analytical dependence of reaction rate parameters on ...equivalence ratio and pressure is adopted, together with a correction to improve the prediction of thermal flame thickness. The reduced scheme is validated by computations of one-dimensional unstrained and strained laminar premixed flames for a wide range of pressures (1; 30 atm), unburned gas temperatures (300; 800 K), and equivalence ratios (0.4; 6.0), with a good agreement of predicted main flame parameters between reduced and reference kinetic schemes. Coupled to a high-fidelity Navier–Stokes compressible solver, the reduced scheme is successfully proved for the numerical simulation of canonical configurations such as one-dimensional and two-dimensional premixed flames under several mixture conditions, with a significant improvement of computational efficiency.
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•Derivation of a one-step scheme for hydrogen-air mixtures based on Arrhenius law.•Pre-Exponential Adjustment to match typical combustion systems’ operative ranges.•Introduction of a correction to predict flame thickness in all mixture conditions.•Good agreement of reduced and reference schemes found for canonical configurations.•Sensible reduction (>50%) of computational costs in CFD applications.
The Thickened Flame (TF) model is a widely used approach for Large Eddy Simulation of premixed flames. It is based on a “mapping” transformation where all diffusivities are multiplied by a thickening ...factor F while reaction terms are divided by F. Theory shows and 1D flame simulations confirm that this mapping preserves the unstretched laminar flame speed sL0 while increasing its thickness δL0 by F, allowing to resolve the flame on a coarse grid. However this property is not satisfied anymore when the TF model is applied to stretched flames: the burning velocity sc(k) of a thickened flame submitted to a stretch k is not conserved compared to the non-thickened solution. A new diffusion-reaction transformation, named Stretched-Thickened Flame (S-TF) model, is developed here to conserve the burning velocity of stretched flames, proposing a generalization of the classical diffusion-reaction transformation which the TF model is based on. Thermal and mass diffusion zones are thickened differently and the laminar unstretched properties are preserved by modifying the chemical source terms. The S-TF model is applied on canonical 1D strained flames and validated for a cylindrical expanding flame configuration to prove its applicability to recover both strain and curvature effects. Results show that the Stretched-Thickened Flame model is an effective solution to correct the deficiency of the classical approach for stretched flames and can be easily implemented in CFD codes relying on the TF model.
Leigh syndrome, or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, is one of the most severe pediatric disorders of the mitochondrial energy metabolism. By performing whole‐exome sequencing in a girl ...affected by Leigh syndrome and her parents, we identified two heterozygous missense variants (p.Tyr110Cys and p.Val569Met) in the carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) gene, encoding an enzyme involved in the control of mitochondrial short‐chain acyl‐CoA concentrations. Biochemical assays revealed carnitine acetyltransferase deficiency in the proband‐derived fibroblasts. Functional analyses of recombinant‐purified CRAT proteins demonstrated that both missense variants, located in the acyl‐group binding site of the enzyme, severely impair its catalytic function toward acetyl‐CoA, and the p.Val569Met variant also toward propionyl‐CoA and octanoyl‐CoA. Although a single recessive variant in CRAT has been recently associated with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), this study reports the first kinetic analysis of naturally occurring CRAT variants and demonstrates the genetic basis of carnitine acetyltransferase deficiency in a case of mitochondrial encephalopathy.
