Bariatric surgery results in significant improvement in health related quality of life and depressive symptoms irrespective of the wide range of weight change. This experiment was planned to assess ...the incidence of depression in obese respondents and to analyse the change in depression after weight loss through bariatric surgery.
To analyse the incidence of depression in obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery and the significance of change in depression status after weight loss.
The study was conducted in a multispecialty hospital having obesity clinic and bariatric surgery unit. The depression level before the study and at six months post surgery was assessed using a standard tool named Beck’s inventory. Study period was from 2015 to 2017.
Respondents having BMI of 33-50 Kg/m belonging to both the genders in the age range of 18-65 years. The respondents having BMI more than 50Kg/m were excluded in this study.
18 respondents who underwent bariatric surgery were included in the study. Percentage distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and Paired t test were the tools utilised in statistical analysis of the data.
Schedule to assess change in nutritional status using a structured questionnaire considering anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary parameters, and standard tool named Beck’s Depression Inventory, which is a tool for depression status.
The surgery patients had initial Beck Score ranging from 1 to 14 indicating mild depression which on follow up reduced to 0 to 7. The weight loss in both genders were similar to each other. The change in intake of nutrients and the scores of depression were more prominent in men than that of women. Respondents pre operatively had mild mood disturbances which after weight loss, became a normal mood.
Thus it can be concluded that weight loss through bariatric surgery is effective in reducing depression.
Overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide and recently has been proposed to be considered as a disease condition by the World Health Organization. South Asians are prone to deposit higher ...percentage of body fat in lower BMI and hence towards the development of health issues associated with overweight. For adapting a suitable diet pattern and lifestyle, every person should have a sound knowledge on scientific methods of managing weight. The present study was undertaken with an aim to assess the role of a KAP based intervention in lifestyle modifications of obese and overweight respondents.
This intervention was carried out in 66 respondents selected on the basis of criteria age (20-50years), BMI (23Kg/m- 50 Kg/m), regularity in follow up and compliance to the modifications suggested. The respondent’s data regarding demographic parameters (viz age, gender, occupation, education and monthly income), physical activity level, obesity history, anthropometric and biochemical parameters and dietary pattern were collected. Knowledge-Attitude- Practice questionnaire was designed through a pilot study. Nutrition education was carried out through audiovisual aids and information booklet. The respondents were followed up till 3 months, baseline and follow up data were tabulated and anlaysed using SAS software.
Larger segment of respondents were elderly married females educated up to pre graduation level. Family obesity score values obtained ranged from 7-21 with a mean score of 16.11±3.84. Regression analysis of KAP scores against demographic variables revealed that family obesity score negatively influenced scores in all the three domains and education level negatively influenced attitude and practice scores. The knowledge, attitude scores, and practice scores demonstrated significant changes between pre intervention score and at all the post intervention scores (p value <0.001 in all domains). The results of the regression analysis showed that there was a strong influence of change in knowledge level in the change in attitude and practice scores in the immediate post intervention period but this influence was not reflected in the post intervention and final intervention phases. The significance of change in anthropometric and biochemical data were analysed using paired t test and concluded that the changes in anthropometric parameters were significant whereas the change in biochemical parameters were not significant. The mean values of change in dietary macronutrients from before to after suggest that there was decrease in intake of fat, carbohydrates and energy, and increase in fibre and protein. Rrespondents’ with good quality diet as indicated by AHEI above 51 had scored positively in knowledge, attitude and practice and the relation was statistically significant.
It was concluded from this experiment that dietary quality had a strong influence on the nutritional status of overweight and obese persons and a nutrition intervention based on KAP questionnaire was effective in managing the weight and lifestyle pattern of the respondents.
The present study was designed to identify the role of folate, B12, homocysteine, and polymorphisms of methylene tetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) gene in cervical carcinogenesis among 322 women from ...Kerala, South India. Serum folate, vitamin B12 (chemiluminescence assay), and homocysteine (EIA) along with genetic polymorphisms of MTHFR gene (polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism) were analyzed for 136 control subjects, 92 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) subjects, and 94 invasive cervical cancer cases (ICC). Statistically significant associations between MTHFR polymorphisms, serum homocysteine, and folate levels with cervical carcinogenesis were not evident, but we found that these parameters acted as effect modifiers of serum vitamin B12. The risk estimates observed for B12 became prominent only when there was a deficiency in serum folate levels LSIL-odds ratio (OR): 14.9 (95% CI: 2.65 to 84.4); ICC-OR = 8.72 (95% CI = 1.55 to 48.8) or when MTHFR A1298C polymorphic variant was present LSIL-OR = 9.8 (95% CI = 2.61 to 36.7); ICC-OR = 10.0 (95%CI = 2.5 to 39.3). The statistical significance of this effect modification was further studied using an interaction model, where only folate was observed to have an influence on B12 levels as suggested by the odds ratio of 7.11 (95% CI = 0.45 to 111.9) obtained for ICC group, implicating a synergistic role of these 2 vitamins in invasive cervical cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To standardize a high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) method for the determination of rifampicin (RMP) and its major
metabolite desacetyl rifampicin (DRMP) in plasma and urine. ...MATERIAL
AND METHODS: A simple, specific and sensitive HPLC method was
developed for the determination of RMP and DRMP in plasma and urine.
Separation in both was achieved by reverse-phase chromatography on a
C18 column with a mobile phase composition of 0.05 M phosphate buffer:
acetonitrile (55:45 v/v) at 254 nm. RESULTS: The retention times of
DRMP, RMP and Rifapentine (RPN), the internal standard were 2.9, 4.8
and 10.5 min respectively. The assay was linear from 0.25 to 15.0
μml-1 for plasma and 2.5 to 80.0 g ml-1 for urine. Both intra-day
and inter-day accuracy and precision data showed good reproducibility.
CONCLUSION: The HPLC method described is sensitive, selective and
linear for the wide range of concentrations for RMP and DRMP in plasma
and urine. Thus, the method developed is well suited for the
pharmacokinetic studies.
Abstract
Background
Among those at highest risk for COVID-19 exposure is the large population of frontline essential workers in occupations such food service, retail, personal care, and in-home ...health services, among whom Black and Latino/Hispanic persons are over-represented. For those not vaccinated and at risk for exposure to COVID-19, including frontline essential workers, regular (approximately weekly) COVID-19 testing is recommended. However, Black and Latino/Hispanic frontline essential workers in these occupations experience serious impediments to COVID-19 testing at individual/attitudinal- (e.g., lack of knowledge of guidelines), social- (e.g., social norms), and structural-levels of influence (e.g., poor access), and rates of testing for COVID-19 are insufficient.
Methods/design
The proposed community-engaged study uses the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) framework and an efficient factorial design to test four candidate behavioral intervention components informed by an integrated conceptual model that combines critical race theory, harm reduction, and self-determination theory. They are A) motivational interview counseling, B) text messaging grounded in behavioral economics, C) peer education, and D) access to testing (via navigation to an appointment vs. a self-test kit). All participants receive health education on COVID-19. The specific aims are to: identify which components contribute meaningfully to improvement in the primary outcome, COVID-19 testing confirmed with documentary evidence, with the most effective combination of components comprising an “optimized” intervention that strategically balances effectiveness against affordability, scalability, and efficiency (Aim 1); identify mediators and moderators of the effects of components (Aim 2); and use a mixed-methods approach to explore relationships among COVID-19 testing and vaccination (Aim 3). Participants will be
N
= 448 Black and Latino/Hispanic frontline essential workers not tested for COVID-19 in the past six months and not fully vaccinated for COVID-19, randomly assigned to one of 16 intervention conditions, and assessed at 6- and 12-weeks post-baseline. Last,
N
= 50 participants will engage in qualitative in-depth interviews.
Discussion
This optimization trial is designed to yield an effective, affordable, and efficient behavioral intervention that can be rapidly scaled in community settings. Further, it will advance the literature on intervention approaches for social inequities such as those evident in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov:
NCT05139927
; Registered on 11/29/2021. Protocol version 1.0. May 2, 2022, Version 1.0
BACKGROUND In solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can contribute to a severe clinical course and an increased ...risk of death. Thus, patients awaiting a SOT or HSCT face the dilemma of choosing between a life-saving treatment that presents a significant threat of COVID-19 and the risk of waitlist dropout, progression of disease, or mortality. The lack of established literature on COVID-19 complicates the issue as patients, particularly those with inadequate health literacy, may not have the resources needed to navigate these decisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a standardized phone survey of patients awaiting SOT or HSCT to assess the prevalence of inadequate health literacy and attitudes toward transplant during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Seventy-one patients completed the survey, with a response rate of 84.5%. Regardless of health literacy, most waitlisted candidates recognized that the current pandemic is a serious situation affecting their care and that COVID-19 poses a significant risk to their health. Despite the increased risks, most patients reported they would choose immediate transplantation if there was no foreseeable end to the pandemic, and especially if the medical urgency did not permit further delay. There were no differences in responses across the patient waitlist groups for heart, kidney, liver, and stem cell transplant. CONCLUSIONS These findings can help transplant centers decide how transplantation services should proceed during this pandemic and can be used to educate patients and guide discussions about informed consent for transplant during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A novel speech processing algorithm based on Kepstrum analysis procedure is proposed in this paper, which provides very good speech enhancement for Dysarthric speech. Kepstrum approach has so far ...been used in communication applications like two microphone noise cancellation. The other applications are derivation of Kalman filter and wiener filter equations. So an attempt to use kepstrum approach to enhance the dysarthric speech is made in this paper. The algorithm is tested on various monosyllabic and bisyllabic (Consonant-Vowel pattern and Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-Vowel pattern) dysarthric speech samples of cerebral palsy patients between the age group of 40-60 years and it was found that there was considerable formant shift and modification in the energy of the output signal. Also the results obtained by kepstrum approach is compared with the results obtained by Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC) method and it is found that kepstrum approach gives better results.
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