In this article, a second-order sliding-mode control (SOSMC) based on supertwisting controller for LC -coupling hybrid active power filter ( LC -HAPF) is proposed. Among the literatures review ...studies, hysteresis-based current controller, which is a special implementation of sliding-mode control, is usually used due to its simplicity, robustness, and good dynamic performance for reference tracking. However, it generates a nonfixed switching frequency for the power filter, which leads to undesirable harmonics problem. The proposed SOSMC ensures the good robustness and dynamic performance of using the conventional sliding mode control with an improved steady-state performance and disturbance rejection capability. In addition, with the help of supertwisting controller, the proposed SOSMC can achieve fixed switching frequency characteristic. First, the control objective and the design methodology of sliding surface are discussed and given in this article. Second, a detailed parameter design procedure under stability, system parameter variation, distorted grid voltage, and grid frequency variation consideration is provided. Then, experimental results on a three-phase four-wire LC -HAPF are carried out to verify the steady-state and dynamic performances of the proposed SOSMC compared with other representative current controllers. Finally, the disturbance rejection capability under different grid conditions of the proposed SOSMC is also verified by experimental results.
Compared with the conventional active power filter, the thyristor-controlled LC -coupling hybrid active power filter (TC LC -HAPF) has a distinct characteristics of low dc-link operating voltage, ...which can lower the system and operational costs in the medium-voltage-level system. It also has a wider operational range than the conventional hybrid active power filter. Besides that, the TC LC -HAPF can provide reactive, harmonic, and unbalanced powers compensation simultaneously. In this article, the modeling of the TC LC -HAPF is investigated based on the linear control aspect. Then, the analysis, design, and implementation of a multi-quasi-proportional-resonant (MQPR) controller with gain scheduling for the TC LC -HAPF will be proposed, which can automatically change the resonant gain between the inductive and capacitive loads operation to improve its compensation performances. The proposed controller can significantly reduce the TC LC -HAPF steady-state current tracking errors and output current ripple. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are also provided to verify the effectiveness and performance of the MQPR controller for the TC LC -HAPF in comparison with the hysteresis current controller and quasi-proportional-resonant (QPR) controller, which shows superior compensating performances.
In this paper, the structure, modeling, parameter design, and control method are proposed for a new hybrid structure of a static var compensator in parallel with a hybrid active power filter ...(SVC//HAPF). The SVC part of the SVC//HAPF is used to dynamically compensate the reactive power. And, the HAPF part is used to provide harmonic power and small amount of reactive power compensation. Due to the large fundamental voltage drop on coupling the LC part, the active inverter part of the SVC//HAPF has low voltage rating. Meanwhile, the parallel-connected SVC acts as a current divider to reduce the active inverter current. Therefore, the proposed SVC//HAPF shows the great promise in compensating harmonic current and wide-range reactive power with a low (both) voltage and current rating active inverter part. To show the advantages of the proposed SVC//HAPF, simulation comparisons among the active power filter (APF), HAPF, SVC in series with HAPF (SVC−HAPF), and the proposed SVC//HAPF are provided. Finally, experimental results based on the laboratory-scaled hardware prototype are given to show the validity of the SVC//HAPF.
•A two-layer framework is proposed for building HVAC and associated multi-energy consumption optimization.•100% renewable complementarities are proposed for building multi-energy supplies.•A R-C ...thermodynamic network is formulated to model the building HVAC.•AC slow charging and DC fast charging types of EVs are considered and managed via a novel real-time supply–demand pricing.
Building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and associated energy consumption make up the more and more important part of the world, whose reduction provides a cost-effective path to the “dual carbon” goal. This paper proposes a two-layer management of HVAC-based multi-energy buildings under proactive demand response of fast/slow-charging electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, the building HVAC is mathematically formulated via a R-C thermodynamic model, which coordinates with multi-energy converters and storages to form a 100% renewable building. The building management is a challenging optimization problem due to its severe constraints and strong spatio-temporal couplings. In the first layer, a day-ahead multi-energy dispatch is formulated to economically optimize the electrical, heat, gas energy carriers. In the second layer, alternating current (AC) slow charging and direct current (DC) fast charging types of EVs are considered and managed via a novel real-time supply–demand pricing mechanism. After acquiring the economical dispatch references in the first layer, the second layer implements a model predictive control (MPC)-based real-time scheduling to handle the multi-energy supply–demand fluctuations. The original two-layer optimization is further handled via mixed-integer linear program (MILP) reformulation for high-efficient solving. Comparisons have shown the advantageous performances of the proposed two-layer optimization over economics and practicability. Simulations results show that the overall system operating cost can be reduced by at most 3.01% with a higher operational flexibility in building management.
Driven by advanced CMOS technology, power management units, RF transceivers, and sensors, analog and mixed-signal circuits can now be fully integrated with VLSI digital systems for applications ...ranging from mobile, internet-of-things (IoT), wearable, and implantable medical devices. Evidently, the circuit- and system-level innovations have pushed the device performance boundaries to become orders of magnitude higher, whilst keeping the same or even lower power consumption. Selected Topic in Power, RF, and Mixed-Signal ICs provides a practical overview and state-of-the-art advancements on several selected topics in the areas of power, RF, and mixed-signal integrated circuits and systems. Topics covered in the book include:
Very-High-Frequency DC-DC Switching Converters
Analog and Digital Low-Dropout Regulators
Analog and Digital Sub-Sampling Frequency Synthesizers
Hybrid ADC Architecture with Digital Assisted Techniques
CMOS Image Sensors and Their Biomedical Applications
CMOS Temperature Sensors
CMOS Millimeter-Wave Power Amplifiers
Zigbee/BLE Transmitter for IoT Applications
The Hybrid DC-DC converter, especially with multiple inductors targeting high current delivery, has the advantages of high efficiency and power density with a large voltage conversion ratio (VCR), ...due to the combination of the benefits of both switched-capacitor-based and inductor-based buck converters. However, a higher number of inductors means that the energizing time for each inductor has more limitations, resulting in a relatively narrower VCR range. To reduce the conduction loss and extend the voltage conversion ratio scope, this paper presents a symmetrical double step-down (SDSD) converter with a VCR range up to 1/3, regulating an output voltage interval of 0.5 V-0.8 V from a 2.7 V-4.2 V Lithium-ion battery. This converter, implemented in 65 nm CMOS, occupies a core active area of 1.53 mm2. This work obtains 86.5% peak efficiency and 326 mA/mm2 maximum current density, with an effective switching frequency of 3 MHz.
The capacitive-coupling grid-connected inverter (CGCI) is coupled to the point of common coupling via a second-order LC branch. Its operational voltage is much lower than that of a conventional ...inductive-coupling grid-connected inverter (IGCI) when it serves as a multifunctional inverter to compensate reactive power and transfer active power simultaneously. It is a promising solution for microgrid and building-integrated distributed generator systems. A quasi-proportional-resonant (quasi-PR) controller is applied to reduce the steady-state current tracking errors of the CGCI in this paper. The quasi-PR controller generates the voltage reference for use of carrier-based pulse-width modulation, which can effectively reduce output current ripples. The second-order coupling impedance of the CGCI causes its modeling and controller design to differ from that of the conventional IGCI. A comprehensive design method for the quasi-PR controller in a CGCI is developed. The quasi-PR controller is also compared with a proportional-integration current controller. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the quasi-PR controller and its design method in a CGCI. The current tracking errors are greatly reduced when the quasi-PR controller rather than the proportional-integration controller is applied. Experimental results are also provided to validate the CGCI as a multifunctional grid-connected inverter.
This paper proposes a new type dc/ac inverter named: hybrid-coupling grid-connected inverter (HGCI) for photovoltaic active power generation with power quality conditioning, which consists of a ...full-bridge three-phase dc/ac inverter coupling to the power grid in series with a thyristor-controlled LC filter. Compared with the conventional inductive-coupling grid-connected inverter (IGCI) and capacitive-coupling grid-connected inverter (CGCI), the proposed HGCI has distinct characteristics of wide operational range and low dc-link operating voltage. Based on these prominent characteristics, the system cost and operational cost can be reduced. Moreover, it can transfer the active power and compensate reactive power, unbalanced power, and harmonic power simultaneously. In this paper, the analysis of the structure, parameter design, and control method of the HGCI is proposed and presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed HGCI in comparison with the IGCI and CGCI.
In this article, a half-tangent phase-locked loop (HTan-PLL) is proposed for variable-frequency grids of more electric aircrafts. First, the pros and cons of the synchronous reference frame PLL ...(SRF-PLL) are discussed in a nonlinear framework. To address the disadvantages, a half-tangent phase detector (PD) is developed and a novel PLL is then proposed. Subsequently, a phase portrait-based analysis and a Lyapunov function-based argument are provided. It is proven that the HTan-PLL has a good performance in terms of steady-state accuracy and fast dynamics, even under large frequency changes. Compared with the conventional SRF-PLL, the proposed HTan-PLL outperforms with the following features: faster dynamics than the SRF-PLL when the frequency varies largely; no unstable equilibrium points, while the SRF-PLL has infinite unstable equilibrium points; and when the grid frequency jumps widely, the HTan-PLL converges to the unique equilibrium point (0,0). By contrast, the SRF-PLL goes to different equilibrium points. Experimental tests are provided, which verify the superior performance of the HTan-PLL.
When the load generated harmonic, unbalanced, and reactive power is beyond the limited capacity of a thyristor-controlled LC -coupling hybrid active power filter (TCLC-HAPF), the TCLC-HAPF with the ...conventional control methods cannot provide satisfactory compensation performance. In this paper, a selective compensation control method of harmonic distortion, unbalanced and reactive power of the TCLC-HAPF is proposed, which can function even at different voltage conditions (e.g., voltage dip, voltage fault, etc.). First, the proposed control method decomposes the load power into fundamental positive-sequence reactive power, fundamental negative-sequence power (unbalanced power), and harmonic power. Then, the decomposed reactive, unbalanced, and harmonic power can be selectively or fully compensated based on the capacity of the TCLC-HAPF. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed selective compensation control method for the TCLC-HAPF.
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