We present a new dataset for the task of toponym resolution in digitized historical newspapers in English. It consists of 343 annotated articles from newspapers based in four different locations in ...England (Manchester, Ashton-under-Lyne, Poole and Dorchester), published between 1780 and 1870. The articles have been manually annotated with mentions of places, which are linked—whenever possible—to their corresponding entry on Wikipedia. The dataset consists of 3,364 annotated toponyms, of which 2,784 have been provided with a link to Wikipedia. The dataset is published in the British Library shared research repository, and is especially of interest to researchers working on improving semantic access to historical newspaper content.
High-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) data are presented for four closely related tetranuclear Ni(II) complexes, Ni(hmp)(MeOH)Cl4·H2O (1a), Ni(hmp)(MeOH)Br4·H2O (1b), ...Ni(hmp)(EtOH)Cl4·H2O (2), and Ni(hmp)(dmb)Cl4 (3) (where hmp− is the anion of 2-hydroxymethylpyridine and dmb is 3,3′-dimethyl-1-butanol), which exhibit magnetic bistability (hysteresis) and fast magnetization tunneling at low temperatures, properties which suggest they are single-molecule magnets (SMMs). The HFEPR spectra confirm spin S = 4 ground states and dominant uniaxial anisotropy (DŜ z 2, D < 0) for all four complexes, which are the essential ingredients for a SMM. The individual fine structure peaks (due to zero-field splitting) for complexes 1a, 1b, and 2 are rather broad. They also exhibit further (significant) splitting, which can be explained by the fact that there exists two crystallographically distinct Ni4 sites in the lattices for these complexes, with associated differences in metal–ligand bond lengths and different zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters. The broad EPR lines, meanwhile, may be attributed to ligand and solvent disorder, which results in additional distributions of microenvironments. In the case of complex 3, there are no solvate molecules in the structure, and only one distinct Ni4 molecule in the lattice. Consequently, the HFEPR data for complex 3 are extremely sharp. As the temperature of a crystal of complex 3 is decreased, the HFEPR spectrum splits abruptly at ∼46 K into two patterns with very slightly different ZFS parameters. Heat capacity data suggest that this is caused by a structural transition at 46.6 K. A single-crystal X-ray structure at 12(2) K indicates large thermal parameters on the terminal methyl groups of the dmb (3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol) ligand. Most likely there exists dynamic disorder of parts of the dmb ligand above 46.6 K; an order–disorder structural phase transition at 46.6 K then removes some of the motion. A further decrease in temperature (<6 K) leads to further fine structure splittings for complex 3. This behavior is thought to be due to the onset of short-range magnetic correlations/coherences between molecules caused by weak intermolecular magnetic exchange interactions.
Social democracy has put down deep roots in British popular culture; this is why Johnson's government has instinctively favoured social democratic responses to the Covid-19 crisis. This vernacular ...social democracy is a potent resource which Labour can use to proclaim its vision of the good society.
Airglow and Aurorae at Dome A, Antarctica Sims, Geoff; Ashley, Michael C. B.; Cui, Xiangqun ...
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,
06/2012, Letnik:
124, Številka:
916
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT Despite the absence of artificial light pollution at Antarctic plateau sites such as Dome A, other factors such as airglow, aurorae, and extended periods of twilight have the potential to ...adversely affect optical observations. We present a statistical analysis of the airglow and aurorae at Dome A using spectroscopic data from Nigel, an optical/near-IR spectrometer operating in the 300-850 nm range. These data complement photometric images from Gattini, a wide-field (90°) CCD camera with B, V, and R filters, allowing the background sky brightness to be disentangled from the various airglow and auroral emission lines. The median auroral contribution to the B, V, and R photometric bands is found to be 22.9, 23.4, and 23.0 mag arcsec-2, respectively. Auroral emissions most frequently occur between 10-23 hr local time, when up to 50% of observations are above airglow-level intensities. While infrequent, the strongest emissions detected occurred in the hours just prior to magnetic midnight. We are also able to quantify the amount of annual dark time available as a function of wavelength, as well as in the standard BVR photometric bands. On average, twilight ends when the Sun reaches a zenith distance of 102.6°.
Abstract
Quantum critical points (QCPs) are widely accepted as a source of a diverse set of collective quantum phases of matter. The basic nature of a QCP is manifested in the critical fluctuation ...spectrum which in turn is determined by the adjacent phases and associated order parameters. Here we show that the critical fluctuation spectrum of CeCu
5.8
Ag
0.2
can not be explained by fluctuations associated with a single wave vector. Interestingly, when the critical fluctuations at wave vectors corresponding to the incommensurate antiferromagnetic order adjacent to the QCP are separated they are found to be three dimensional and to obey the scaling behavior expected for long wavelength fluctuations near an itinerant antiferromagnetic QCP. Without this separation,
E
/
T
scaling with a fractional exponent is observed. Together these results demonstrate that a multicomponent fluctuation spectrum is a previously unexplored route to obtaining
E
/
T
scaling at a QCP.
Speaking for the People, first published in 1998, draws our attention to the problematic nature of politicians' claims to represent others, and in doing so it challenges conventional ideas about both ...the rise of class politics, and the triumph of party between 1867 and 1914. The book emphasises the strongly gendered nature of party politics before the First World War, and suggests that historians have greatly underestimated the continuing importance of the 'politics of place'. Most importantly, however, Speaking for the People argues that we must break away from teleological notions such as the 'modernisation' of politics, the taming of the 'popular', or the rise of class. Only then will we understand the shifting currents of popular politics. Speaking for the People represents a major challenge to the ways in which historians and political scientists have studied the interaction between party politics and popular political cultures.
This article argues that exploring the interpersonal dynamics of social-science interviews can help us recast the conclusions of classic social surveys. Its focus is the original fieldwork undertaken ...for Goldthorpe and Lockwood's influential anti-revisionist study of affluent workers in 1960s England. In this study, the class gulf between Luton car workers and Cambridge academics mattered more than is sometimes recognized, but its effects were subtly cross-cut by the influence of age and gender. Both interviewer and respondent tended to define themselves against an older, socially-conformist and status-conscious outlook which the interviewers called 'bourgeois' and the respondents 'snobbish'. This shared disavowal of bourgeois snobbery owed much to the presentational strategies that male interviewees pursued to neutralize social inequalities inherent in the social-science encounter. Male workers' sensitivity to questions of 'status' led them to play down its importance when talking to university professionals (although their wives were sometimes on hand to puncture the performance). But the researchers' relative indifference to questions of gender and self-presentation encouraged them largely to accept male workers' testimony at face value. One consequence was that they radically exaggerated the scope for a revivified class politics based on working-class instrumentalism. Status consciousness, individualism and social aspiration were all much stronger forces than they allowed among England's postwar 'affluent' workers. Adapted from the source document.
ABSTRACT During the operation of the Chinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) in Dome A of Antarctica in the years 2008, 2009, and 2010, large amounts of photometric data have been obtained for variable ...stars in the CSTAR field. We present here the study of one of six RR Lyrae variables, Y Oct, observed with CSTAR in Dome A, Antarctica. Photometric data in the i band were obtained in 2008 and 2010, with a duty cycle (defined as the fraction of time representing scientifically available data to CSTAR observation time) of about 44% and 52%, respectively. In 2009, photometric data in the g and r bands were gathered for this star, with a duty cycle of 65% and 60%, respectively. Fourier analysis of the data in the three bands only shows the fundamental frequency and its harmonics, which is characteristic of the non-Blazhko RR Lyrae variables. Values of the fundamental frequency and the amplitudes, as well as the total pulsation amplitude, are obtained from the data in the three bands separately. The amplitude of the fundamental frequency and the total pulsation amplitude in the g band are the largest, and those in the i band the smallest. Two-hundred fifty-one times of maximum are obtained from the three seasons of data, which are analyzed together with 38 maximum times provided in the GEOS RR Lyrae database. A period change rate of −0.96 0.07 days Myr−1 is then obtained, which is a surprisingly large negative value. Based on relations available in the literature, the following physical parameters are derived: Fe/H = −1.41 0.14, MV = 0.696 0.014 mag, = 1.182 0.028 mag, = 3.802 0.003 K, = 2.705 0.004, = 1.625 0.013, and = −0.240 0.019.
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