Artisanal gold mining in guinea and security concerns Svetlana Semenovna TIMOFEEVA; Laye Oumar SOUMAORO; Kandas KEITA
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews,
4/2024, Letnik:
22, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
One of the continents richest in gold reserves is Africa. According to the World Bank, about 20 % of gold in African countries is still mined using artisanal methods. There is no officially ...recognized, generally accepted definition of artisanal small-scale gold mining. In essence, artisanal or small-scale gold mining is a labor-intensive, financially and technologically underdeveloped gold mining activity. Artisanal gold mining can be either informal, illegal, without state permission, or formal (legalized, streamlined). In the modern world, artisanal mining in African countries is experiencing rapid growth after their liberation from colonial oppression. The paper examines the environmental costs or ecological footprint of artisanal gold mining, such as: mercury intoxication of ecosystems, gold miners and local populations; deforestation, destruction of ecosystems; pollution of watercourses; industrial injuries and occupational diseases of gold miners; crime and social instability. Practical recommendations for improving safety are given.
Obesity is associated with a high prevalence of mood disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in addition to being a significant risk factor for important health complications such as cardiovascular ...diseases and type 2 diabetes. Identifying the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these health issues is a major public health challenge. Based on recent findings, from studies conducted on animal models of obesity, it has been proposed that inflammatory processes may participate in both the peripheral and brain disorders associated with the obesity condition including the development of emotional and cognitive alterations. This is supported by the fact that obesity is characterized by peripheral low-grade inflammation, originating from increased adipose tissue mass and/or dysbiosis (changes in gut microbiota environment), both of which contribute to increased susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. In this review, we provide converging evidence showing that obesity is associated with exacerbated neuroinflammation leading to dysfunction in vulnerable brain regions associated with mood regulation, learning, and memory such as the hippocampus. These findings give new insights to the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of brain disorders in the context of obesity and provide valuable data for introducing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric complications often reported in obese patients.
Obesity is associated with a high prevalence of mood disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in addition to being a significant risk factor for important health complications such as cardiovascular ...diseases and type 2 diabetes. Identifying the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these health issues is a major public health challenge. Based on recent findings, from studies conducted on animal models of obesity, it has been proposed that inflammatory processes may participate in both the peripheral and brain disorders associated with the obesity condition including the development of emotional and cognitive alterations. This is supported by the fact that obesity is characterized by peripheral low-grade inflammation, originating from increased adipose tissue mass and/or dysbiosis (changes in gut microbiota environment), both of which contribute to increased susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. In this review, we provide converging evidence showing that obesity is associated with exacerbated neuroinflammation leading to dysfunction in vulnerable brain regions associated with mood regulation, learning, and memory such as the hippocampus. These findings give new insights to the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of brain disorders in the context of obesity and provide valuable data for introducing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric complications often reported in obese patients.
The use of a reaction “blend” containing Mn
II,
PhCO
2
-
, phenyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime and
N
3
-
leads to a new tetranuclear cage featuring the unprecedented
Mn
3
II
Mn
IV
(
μ
4
-
O
)
(
η
1
,
μ
2
...-
N
3
)
7
+
core with a 2
e
− difference between the manganese oxidation states.
The reaction of Mn(O
2CPh)
2
·
2H
2O with the sodium salt of phenyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime and sodium azide in MeOH gives a tetranuclear cage with a
Mn
3
II
Mn
IV
(
μ
4
-
O
)
(
η
1
,
μ
2
-
N
3
)
7
+
core. Magnetic and EPR studies show the cage has an
S
=
6 ground state.
The pyrotechnic and thermal properties of a range of binary magnesium‐strontium nitrate compositions containing from 10% to 90% by mass of magnesium have been determined. The burning rate and light ...output were measured after consolidating the compositions into cardboard tubes. The exothermicity, temperature of ignition and time to ignition of the compositions were also determined and the products of combustion were characterized.
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