Social and economic changes on the societal macro level, such as globalization, pluralization, and demographic shifts, create new demands that produce stress and require behavioral adaptation. In ...this large-sample correlational study, which replicates a similar study previously conducted in Germany, we investigated how young and middle-aged adults from Poland (
N
= 2,541) negotiated these demands. Dependent variables were engagement and disengagement strategies as defined by the motivational theory of life span development. By using planned contrasts between engagement (selective primary, selective secondary, and compensatory primary control) and disengagement (compensatory secondary control) in a repeated-measures ANOVA, we found a strong (η
2
= .48) preference for engagement over disengagement. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the engagement and disengagement strategies were only modestly related to sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, employment, and partnership status (.00 < |β| < .13). Primary appraisal of the demands in terms of challenge/threat and gains/losses were correlated with engagement and disengagement (.01 < |β| < .16), but direction and size of the coefficients differed from what was previously found in Germany. Secondary appraisal of the demands in terms of their controllability (.04 < |β| < .21) and the perceived load of demands itself (.12 < |β| < .22) turned out to be the most relevant predictors of the engagement and disengagement strategies. By contrasting these results against earlier findings obtained in Germany, we argue that the differences in how people negotiate social change in the two countries are rooted in their different systems of welfare and social security.
Die Retheklappbrücke in Hamburg Lechner, Martin; Menzel, Andreas; Fiebinger, Rainer
Der Stahlbau,
06/2015, Letnik:
84, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
Die neue Doppelklappbrücke wird ab 2016 die 1934 erbaute Rethehubbrücke in Hamburg ersetzen. Sie besteht in Summe aus vier Brückenklappen, von denen jeweils zwei mittels einer ...Mittenverriegelung in Längsrichtung gekoppelt sind. Jede Klappbrücke hat eine Spannweite von 104,2 m zwischen den Drehlagern und gehört damit zu den weltweit größten ihrer Art. Im hochgeklappten Zustand öffnet sich eine Fahrrinne für den Schiffsverkehr von 64 m Breite und unbegrenzter Höhe. Eine Klappbrücke bedient den Eisenbahnverkehr, die andere den Straßenverkehr. Die Klappbrücken sind nebeneinander angeordnet und unabhängig voneinander bewegbar. Die Gesamtbreite der Straßenklappbrücke beträgt 14,00 m, die Gesamtbreite der Bahnklappbrücke 10,30 m. Die Brückenklappen verfügen über einen hydraulischen Antrieb mittels Hydraulikzylindern und hydraulisch betriebenen Rückarmriegeln. Eine Besonderheit liegt in der Ausführung der Mittenverriegelung als Fingerverriegelung ohne bewegte Teile. Diese Mittenverriegelung überträgt sowohl Querkräfte als auch Biegemomente. Im Juli 2014 wurden die Brückenklappen mittels Schwimmkran eingehoben, auf den Drehlagerböcken aufgesetzt und mittels des Hydraulikantriebs in die Hochlage geklappt
The Rethe Bascule Bridge in Hamburg – Particular features about mechanics and electrics.
The new double bascule bridge in Hamburg will substitute the Rethe vertical lift bridge from 1936 by 2016. In total it consists of four bridge leaves, of which each two are connected longitudinally by a middle locking system. Each bascule bridge shows a span of 104.2 m in‐between the pivot bearings and therefore belongs to world’s largest of its kind. In raised condition a watercourse of 64 m width and unlimited height is opened. One bascule bridge serves for rail traffic, the other one for road traffic. The bascule bridges are located side by side and may be actuated independently of each other. The total width of the road bascule bridge is 14.00 m, of the railway bascule bridge 10.30 m. The bridge leaves dispose of a hydraulic drive by means of hydraulic cylinders and hydraulically actuated rear locks. One particularity inherited is the realization of the middle locking system as finger locking without movable parts. This middle locking device is able to transmit shear forces as well as bending moments. In July 2014 the bridge leaves were lifted in by a floating crane, positioned on the pivot bearing substructure and lifted into open position by the hydraulic drive.
Die Retheklappbrücke in Hamburg Lechner, Martin; Menzel, Andreas; Fiebinger, Rainer
Der Stahlbau,
June 2015, Letnik:
84, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Die neue Doppelklappbrücke wird ab 2016 die 1934 erbaute Rethehubbrücke in Hamburg ersetzen. Sie besteht in Summe aus vier Brückenklappen, von denen jeweils zwei mittels einer Mittenverriegelung in ...Längsrichtung gekoppelt sind. Jede Klappbrücke hat eine Spannweite von 104,2 m zwischen den Drehlagern und gehört damit zu den weltweit größten ihrer Art. Im hochgeklappten Zustand öffnet sich eine Fahrrinne für den Schiffsverkehr von 64 m Breite und unbegrenzter Höhe. Eine Klappbrücke bedient den Eisenbahnverkehr, die andere den Straßenverkehr. Die Klappbrücken sind nebeneinander angeordnet und unabhängig voneinander bewegbar. Die Gesamtbreite der Straßenklappbrücke beträgt 14,00 m, die Gesamtbreite der Bahnklappbrücke 10,30 m. Die Brückenklappen verfügen über einen hydraulischen Antrieb mittels Hydraulikzylindern und hydraulisch betriebenen Rückarmriegeln. Eine Besonderheit liegt in der Ausführung der Mittenverriegelung als Fingerverriegelung ohne bewegte Teile. Diese Mittenverriegelung überträgt sowohl Querkräfte als auch Biegemomente. Im Juli 2014 wurden die Brückenklappen mittels Schwimmkran eingehoben, auf den Drehlagerböcken aufgesetzt und mittels des Hydraulikantriebs in die Hochlage geklappt
The Rethe Bascule Bridge in Hamburg – Particular features about mechanics and electrics. The new double bascule bridge in Hamburg will substitute the Rethe vertical lift bridge from 1936 by 2016. In total it consists of four bridge leaves, of which each two are connected longitudinally by a middle locking system. Each bascule bridge shows a span of 104.2 m in‐between the pivot bearings and therefore belongs to world’s largest of its kind. In raised condition a watercourse of 64 m width and unlimited height is opened. One bascule bridge serves for rail traffic, the other one for road traffic. The bascule bridges are located side by side and may be actuated independently of each other. The total width of the road bascule bridge is 14.00 m, of the railway bascule bridge 10.30 m. The bridge leaves dispose of a hydraulic drive by means of hydraulic cylinders and hydraulically actuated rear locks. One particularity inherited is the realization of the middle locking system as finger locking without movable parts. This middle locking device is able to transmit shear forces as well as bending moments. In July 2014 the bridge leaves were lifted in by a floating crane, positioned on the pivot bearing substructure and lifted into open position by the hydraulic drive.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent mitogen that is exported from cells by an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi‐independent mechanism. Unconventional secretion of FGF2 occurs by direct ...translocation across plasma membranes, a process that depends on the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the inner leaflet as well as heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes; however, additional core and regulatory components of the FGF2 export machinery have remained elusive. Here, using a highly effective RNAi screening approach, we discovered Tec kinase as a novel factor involved in unconventional secretion of FGF2. Tec kinase does not affect FGF2 secretion by an indirect mechanism, but rather forms a heterodimeric complex with FGF2 resulting in phosphorylation of FGF2 at tyrosine 82, a post‐translational modification shown to be essential for FGF2 membrane translocation to cell surfaces. Our findings suggest a crucial role for Tec kinase in regulating FGF2 secretion under various physiological conditions and, therefore, provide a new perspective for the development of a novel class of antiangiogenic drugs targeting the formation of the FGF2/Tec complex.
The present study investigated the role of religiosity in dealing with family-related uncertainties (e.g., uncertainty concerning fertility decisions or the stability of family relationships) that ...arise from current social change in industrialized nations. We hypothesized that religiosity, because it is a central source of family values and norms, reduces individuals' perceived load of family-related uncertainties. At the same time, because perceiving family-related uncertainties may conflict with religious values and norms concerning the family, we expected that religiosity exacerbates the association of these uncertainties with psychological distress. Structural equation modeling with latent interactions in a sample of 2,571 Polish adolescents and adults 20 to 46 years of age supported these predictions. Although modest in magnitude, associations held after controlling for potential sociodemographic confounders. Our study reveals the complex role of religiosity in dealing with family-related uncertainties and underscores the importance of attending to potential downsides of this otherwise beneficial resource.
Background: Hyperlipidemia and obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome and increased risk in developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nutritional supplements, e.g. L-carnitine and ...polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), exert lipid-lowering effects. Hence, the hypothesis that dietetic intervention reduces plasma lipid levels and metabolic enzymes in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects was tested. Subjects and Methods: In a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study in 22 moderately hyperlipidemic obese humans consuming low-fat yoghurt enriched with a combination of low-dose PUFAs, polyphenols and L-carnitine (PPC) twice a day for 12 weeks were compared to 20 matching participants ingesting low-fat yoghurt. The effects on plasma lipids and expression of enzymes involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HepG2 cells were evaluated. Results: PPC consumption led to significantly reduced plasma free fatty acid (–29%) and triglyceride (–24%) concentrations (each p < 0.05). PPC application increased significantly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA abundances and those of PPARα target genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferases-1, CPT1A and CPT1B, carnitine acetyltransferase and organic cation transporter 2; each p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In controls, plasma lipid levels and PBMC gene expression did not change. These findings were substantiated by the results of cell culture experiments in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Supplementation of PPC had marked lipid-lowering effects and PBMC gene expression profiles seemed to reflect nutrition-related metabolic changes.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The risk of developing MS is strongly influenced by genetic predisposition, and over 100 loci ...have been established as associated with susceptibility. However, the biologically relevant variants underlying disease risk have not been defined for the vast majority of these loci, limiting the power of these genetic studies to define new avenues of research for the development of MS therapeutics. It is therefore crucial that candidate MS susceptibility loci are carefully investigated to identify the biological mechanism linking genetic polymorphism at a given gene to the increased chance of developing MS. MERTK has been established as an MS susceptibility gene and is part of a family of receptor tyrosine kinases known to be involved in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease. In this study we have refined the association of MERTK with MS risk to independent signals from both common and low frequency variants. One of the associated variants was also found to be linked with increased expression of MERTK in monocytes and higher expression of MERTK was associated with either increased or decreased risk of developing MS, dependent upon HLA-DRB1*15:01 status. This discordant association potentially extended beyond MS susceptibility to alterations in disease course in established MS. This study provides clear evidence that distinct polymorphisms within MERTK are associated with MS susceptibility, one of which has the potential to alter MERTK transcription, which in turn can alter both susceptibility and disease course in MS patients.
New cylindrical silicon drift detectors have been designed, fabricated and tested. They comprise an integrated on-chip amplifier system with continuous reset, on-chip voltage divider, electron ...accumulation layer stabilizer, large area, homogeneous radiation entrance window and a drain for surface generated leakage current.
The test of the 3.5 mm
2 large individual devices, which have also been grouped together to form a sensitive area up to 21 mm
2 have shown the following spectroscopic results: at room temperature (300 K) the devices have shown a full width at half maximum at the Mn
Kα line of a radioactive
55 Fe source of 225 eV with shaping times of 250 to 500 ns. At −20°C the resolution improves to 152 eV at 2 μs Gaussian shaping. At temperatures below 200 K the energy resolution is below 140 eV. With the implementation of a digital filtering system the resolution approaches 130 eV. The system was operated with count rates up to 800 000 counts per second and per readout node, still conserving the spectroscopic qualities of the detector system.
Over the past two decades, usage of the term "socialization" in German-speaking socialization research has become almost synonymous with contemporary conceptualizations of "development" in ...developmental psychology. This renders developmental psychology a central source on which to draw in socialization research. Developmental psychology, in turn, has recently gained several important new insights that have lasting implications for our view on human development across the life span: A more nuanced understanding of the biological mechanisms of contextual influences on the one hand - and a more differentiated conception of contexts themselves on the other hand. In this article, we review these new trends, drawing on key studies, and discuss their implications for future research on socialization.
Abstract only
The chemical synthesis of core/shell colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have lead to an pronounced improvement in the optical properties and the chemical stability of semiconducting NCs 1. ...The main topic of this work is the structural characterisation of core/shell NCs with anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) in combination with diffraction techniques (XRD) at laboratory- and synchrotron sources (HZB-BESSY and ESRF). Furthermore we complete these findings with complementary microscopy techniques (TEM). The detailed knowledge of the structural properties of the core/shell NCs allows to study the impact of the nanometer sized dimensions on their optical properties. The infrared emission of lead chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) in the size range of 5 - 10 nm can be drastically increased stabilising the core with a hard protective shell 1,2., e.g., PbS/CdS NCs shows a higher efficiency and stability 2 with respect to pure PbS-NCs. In contrast to a shell growth on top of a core, we investigated in this study the CdS-shell growth on PbS NCs driven by Cd for Pb cation exchange 2. Especially, we studied three different final shell thicknesses of 0.9, 1.5 and 2 nm. The chemical composition profile of the CdS-shell as a function of reaction time are derived from ASAXS experiments in sub-nanomter resolution. The crystal structure of the shell was derived by XRD combined with TEM measurements, respectively. We relate the chemical and structural information to the measured PL intensities of the core/shell NCs. We reveal the existence of two different crystalline phases, i.e. the metastable rock salt and the equilibrium zinc blende phase within the chemically pure CdS-shell. The highest improvement in the PL emission was achieved for 0.9 nm shells depicting a large metastable rock salt phase fraction matching the crystal structure of the PbS core. These results could be only achieved using ASAXS that gieves a mean chemical profile of a large ensemble of single core/shell NCs, but in sub-nanometer resolution 3.
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