C. Korea Lee, Jae-Gon
Yearbook of International Environmental Law,
01/2017, Letnik:
28
Journal Article, Book
In comparison with previous years, the activities and practices of Korea in the area of international environmental law were not active partly due to the impeachment of the ex-president and ...consequential transition to the new government. Nevertheless, Korea continued to make an endeavour to strengthen regional or international governance in the protection of the environment and natural resources. Korea made a continued effort to improve its responses to climate change and air pollution in various ways. First, an international document entered into force for Korea: the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (17 August) (Nagoya Protocol). First, four international documents entered into force: (i) the Memorandum of Understanding for the Cooperation in the Area of Fisheries between Korea and Kiribati (9 August); (ii) the Memorandum of Understanding for the Cooperation in the Area of Safety in Marine Affairs between Korea and the Philippines (24 August); (iii) the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments (8 September); and (iv) the Memorandum of Understanding for the Cooperation in the Area of Port Development and Prevention of Marine Disaster between Korea and Tuvalu (15 November). First, one international document entered into force for Korea: the 2017 Regional Co-operative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific. The Korean government continued to expand its engagement in the Arctic in various ways.
Automatic clock gating (ACG) is a clock-gating architecture with near zero waste on dynamic power dissipation on global clock distribution network. ACG models global clock structure as a graph with ...nodes and arcs representing clock components and their interconnections, respectively. Unlike conventional clock structure, where arcs are nothing more than clock nets, ACG adds control mechanism on the arc so that clock gating decision on each clock component can be automated. In this structure, each clock component can understand activities on its fan-outs and can be configured to cut off its output clock when there is no activity. The framework also allows clock consumers to define a period in time where their clock is guaranteed to be present. Combination of these features results in global clock structure, where unnecessary transition on any clock net is automatically avoided. The overall power benefit from this architecture is measured to be 17%-50%.
This retrospective longitudinal case-control study investigated the short-term effects of patch occlusion treatment compared with optical correction on the microvasculature in monocular amblyopia. We ...included patients with monocular amblyopia treated for 2-12 months; they were classified into two groups according to the treatment regimen: patch occlusion or optical correction. Children aged < 12 years who presented to our clinic for examination without amblyopia diagnosis were enrolled as the control group. Changes in retinal and choroid microvasculature according to treatment were examined, and the correlation between changes in microvasculature and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated. There were 57, 35, and 41 patients in the patch occlusion, optical correction, and control groups, respectively (mean age, 6.4 ± 2.0 years). Both amblyopic groups showed changes in the foveal and parafoveal deep capillary plexus vessel density (DCPD), choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) following short-term treatment (mean, 4.5 months). In the patch occlusion group, BCVA improved as the foveal DCPD increased (P = 0.013) and the CVI decreased (P = 0.037). In the optical correction group, BCVA improved as the foveal and parafoveal DCPD increased (P = 0.009). Increased foveal DCPD following amblyopia treatment and decreased CVI by patch occlusion were associated with improved BCVA.
Epsilon Negative Zeroth-Order Resonator Antenna PARK, Jae-Hyun; RYU, Young-Ho; LEE, Jae-Gon ...
IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,
12/2007, Letnik:
55, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
It is confirmed that zeroth-order resonance appears in the epsilon negative (ENG) meta-structured transmission line (MTL) as well as in the conventional double negative (DNG) MTL. The zeroth-order ...resonant characteristics are described using dispersion relation of ENG MTL based on Bloch and Floquet theory. Appling the novel concept of the ENG zeroth-order resonator (ZOR), an ENG ZOR antenna is proposed. The radiation characteristics of the ZOR antennas using the DNG and ENG MTL are simulated and measured, and are proven to be the same.
Prenatal and perinatal infections and inflammation appear to associated with the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In this study, we evaluated whether inflammatory mediators in ...amniotic fluid (AF) retrieved during cesarean delivery influence the development of ROP in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This retrospective study included 16 and 32 VLBW infants who did and did not develop any stage of ROP, respectively. Each infant with ROP was matched with 2 infants without ROP based on days of ventilation care, gestational age, and birth weight. AF was obtained during cesarean delivery, and the levels of intra-amniotic inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using a Human Magnetic Luminex assay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). The differences in the levels of inflammatory mediators according to the presence or absence of ROP were compared. In patients who developed ROP, the level of MMP-2 in the AF was significantly increased (P = .011), whereas the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P = .028 and .046, respectively) compared with those in infants who did not develop ROP. The levels of the other mediators were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that MMP-2 was a risk factor for the development of ROP (odds ratio, 2.445; 95% confidence interval, 1.170-5.106; P = .017). The concentration of MMP-2 in AF is an independent factor in the development of ROP. Further studies are needed to determine whether the levels of inflammatory mediators in AF affect the ROP severity.
For a non-contact detection of defective wire harness in conveyor system, a new method using the electromagnetic (EM) sensor is proposed in this paper. A dual-feed and multi array microstrip patch ...antenna operating at 5.8 GHz is utilized to design the EM sensor. When the wire harness is located above patch antenna, the equivalent circuit of each patch antenna and wire harness can be modeled as shunt resistor, capacitor, and inductor. Moreover, a capacitive coupling between the patch antenna and the wire harness is generated. Next, the shunt resistor of wire harness increases due to the defect of the wire so that the reflection coefficient of the patch antenna is lower than that of the wire without defect; thus, the defect of wire harness can be detected by magnitude of reflection coefficient at resonant frequency. The performances of the designed EM sensor are verified and compared by the equivalent circuit modeling, full-wave simulation, and measurement.
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the important steps that involves during fabrication of semiconductor devices. This research highlights the importance of tungsten (W) polishing slurries ...consisting of a novel nonionic, heat-activated FeSi nanocatalyst on the performance of W chemical mechanical polishing. The results obtained from the polishing data showed a higher W removal rate of 5910 Å/min with a slurry consisting of FeSi nanocatalyst at a polishing temperature of 80 °C. The increase in W polishing rate using FeSi slurry was explained on the basis of formation of a thicker oxide layer (WO
3
) due to the interaction between the W surface and hydroxyl radicals (
·
OH) generated via the reaction between FeSi and hydrogen peroxide at 80 °C. Higher
·
OH generation and increase in oxygen depth profile of W film were confirmed by UV–Vis spectrometer and AES analysis, respectively. Compared to Fe(NO
3
)
3
catalyst, the slurry with FeSi showed a higher static etch rate at 80 °C. Potentiodynamic polarization results obtained using FeSi slurry showed thicker WO
3
passivation layer as compared to the slurry with Fe(NO
3
)
3
. The increase in the polishing rate of W CMP using slurry with FeSi nanocatalyst can be essentially attributed to the generation of much stronger oxidant
·
OH due to its increased catalytic effect at a high polishing temperature of 80 °C.
Solar panel photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used in Korea to generate solar energy, which is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. With regard to solar electricity providers and a ...grid operator, it is critical to accurately predict solar power generation for supply–demand planning in an electrical grid, which directly affects their profit. This prediction is, however, a challenging task because solar power generation is weather dependent and uncontrollable. In this study, a daily prediction model based on the weather forecast information for solar power generation is proposed. In the case of the proposed model, the cloud and temperature data available from the weather forecast information is used to predict the amount of solar radiation as well as a loss adjustment factor to reflect the possible loss of power generation due to the degradation or failure of the PV module. Using the proposed model, solar power generation for the following day can be predicted. The proposed model is embedded into a solar PV monitoring system that is commercially used in Korea, and it is shown to perform better than the existing prediction models.
Our objective was to investigate whether there were differences in the short-term changes of retinal and choroidal microvasculature between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes after patch occlusion ...treatment in patients with monocular amblyopia. Additionally, we aimed to determine if these changes were associated with improvements in clinical parameters.
We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal paired-eye case-control study by analyzing the medical records of patients under the age of 12 who had monocular amblyopia and underwent patch occlusion treatment for a duration of 2 to 12 months. Using optical coherence tomography angiography images, we compared the foveal avascular zone width, retinal blood vessel density (VD), choroidal thickness (CT), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes before and after patch occlusion treatment. We analyzed the correlations between the aforementioned parameters and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and stereopsis.
Overall, 114 eyes from 57 patients were enrolled. At baseline, parafoveal superficial plexus VD, foveal and parafoveal deep capillary plexus VD (DCPD) were lower by 0.994 ± 3.312% (p = .026), 2.403 ± 8.273% (p = .033), and 2.469 ± 4.095% (p < .001), respectively; CT was thicker by 30.6 ± 90.7 μm (p = .014); and CVI was higher by 1.920 ± 3.432% (p < 001) in the amblyopic eyes than in the non-amblyopic eyes. Following short-term patch occlusion treatment, foveal and parafoveal DCPD increased by 1.264 ± 3.829% (p = .017) and 1.028 ± 3.662% (p = .036), respectively, CT thinned by 15.5 ± 51.5 μm (p = .019), and CVI decreased by 1.296 ± 3.997% (p = .018) in the amblyopic eyes. Following patch occlusion treatment, as the foveal DCPD decreased and CVI increased, the BCVA improved (p = .017 and .035, respectively).
Following patch occlusion treatment, increased foveal DCPD and decreased CVI were associated with improved BCVA.
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