Psychometric Properties of Face Mask Use Scale Chong, Andy Chun Yin, MSc, GradStat; Lam, Simon Ching, PhD, RN; Chan, Lai Man, BN(Hons) ...
American journal of infection control,
06/2017, Letnik:
45, Številka:
6
Journal Article
•Gain-framed messages were more persuasive than loss-framed messages in encouraging food allergy communication.•Fear, attitudes, perceived effectiveness of the messages, and food allergy severity ...predicted communication intentions.•Consumers’ attitudes mediated the relationship between message format and the behavioral intention to communicate.
The prevention of allergy reactions to food requires communication between individuals with food allergies and restaurant employees. This study investigated the effectiveness of framed messages (gain-framed versus loss-framed) in encouraging food allergy communication and explored factors that influenced customers’ intentions to communicate with restaurant staff about their food allergies. A total of 291 valid survey responses were collected. Approximately 70% of the participants had experienced food allergy reactions in restaurants, but less than 15% of them could always communicate with restaurant employees before placing food orders. Overall, participants perceived dining out as somehow risky. Gain-framed messages were more persuasive than loss-framed messages in encouraging food allergy communication. Fear, attitudes toward the messages, the perceived effectiveness of the messages, and the severity of one’s food allergies were significant predictors of customers’ intentions to communicate. Customers’ attitudes toward the messages mediated the relationship between message format and the behavioral intention to communicate.
For the increasing number of consumers with food allergies in the United States, dining out may pose serious health threats. Both restaurateurs and consumers need to be vigilant to prevent food ...allergy reactions in restaurants, but empirical studies that explored knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of consumers with food allergies are limited. Therefore, this research aimed to examine food allergy knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of customers with food allergies or parents or guardians with children with food allergies by conducting focus groups and a cross-sectional survey. Customers with food allergies (n = 63) and parents or guardians of children with food allergies (n = 257), who were members of a food allergy social networking website, participated in the survey. Due to the nature of the website, in which members share their dining experience and recommendations, only 2.8% of participants indicated that they have never eaten at a restaurant. The average knowledge score of participants was 24.7 out of 30 (82.3%), and they well recognized typical causes of food allergy reactions in restaurants (i.e., hidden allergens, cross-contacts, and restaurant employees’ lack of knowledge, care, and communication about food allergies). Customers with food allergies took a variety of actions to prevent food allergy reactions before or during their visits to restaurants. Depending on the types of food allergens and previous dining experiences, respondents voiced diverse concerns about different types of restaurants. Restaurateurs may benefit from recognizing and addressing these concerns to improve their service for customers with food allergies.
•Consumers with food allergies had fair (∼80%) food allergy knowledge.•Consumers are aware of the need to inform servers about special accommodations.•Lack of food allergy knowledge, care, and communication poses risks for consumers.•Buffet restaurants are least preferred by allergic consumers due to cross-contacts.•Parents of allergic children use more caution than adult consumers with allergies.
As the number of Americans with food allergies continues to increase, restaurant employees should be trained to serve customers who have this condition. This study investigated restaurant employees’ ...food allergy (FA) knowledge and identified previous FA training, the preferred characteristics of future FA training, and the reasons why some employees were not interested in FA training. A study questionnaire was developed based on interviews with restaurateurs and previous literature and was completed by 229 restaurant employees. The results showed that the participants have some FA knowledge (20.8±3.4 of 28). Many were not trained in FA but expressed interest in attending such training. The participants expressed a preference for self-paced training programs that use real-world examples and simple language. Some reasons for not being interested in attending FA training included “time consuming”, “not beneficial”, and “boring”. The restaurant industry benefits from the findings of this study by gaining a greater understanding of the current food allergy knowledge and training of restaurant employees.
During the peri-implantation period, the embryo adheres to an adequately prepared or receptive endometrial surface epithelium. Abnormal embryo adhesion to the endometrium results in embryo ...implantation failure and infertility. Endometrial epithelial cell plasma membrane proteins critical in regulating adhesion may potentially be infertility biomarkers or targets for treating infertility. Interleukin (IL) 11 regulates human endometrial epithelial cells (hEEC) adhesion. Its production is abnormal in women with infertility. The objective of the study was to identify IL11 regulated plasma membrane proteins in hEEC in vitro using a proteomic approach.
Using a 2D-differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) electrophoresis combined with LCMS/MS mass spectrometry approach, we identified 20 unique plasma membrane proteins differentially regulated by IL11 in ECC-1 cells, a hEEC derived cell line. Two IL11 regulated proteins with known roles in cell adhesion, annexin A2 (ANXA2) and flotillin-1 (FLOT1), were validated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry in hEEC lines (ECC-1 and an additional cell line, Ishikawa) and primary hEEC. Flotilin-1 was further validated by immunohistochemistry in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle (n = 6-8/cycle).
2D-DIGE analysis identified 4 spots that were significantly different between control and IL11 treated group. Of these 4 spots, there were 20 proteins that were identified with LCMS/MS. Two proteins; ANXA2 and FLOT1 were chosen for further analyses and have found to be significantly up-regulated following IL11 treatment. Western blot analysis showed a 2-fold and a 2.5-fold increase of ANXA2 in hEEC membrane fraction of ECC-1 and Ishikawa cells respectively. Similarly, a 1.8-fold and a 2.3/2.4-fold increase was also observed for FLOT1 in hEEC membrane fraction of ECC-1 and Ishikawa cells respectively. In vitro, IL11 induced stronger ANXA2 expression on cell surface of primary hEEC and ECC-1 whilst, the lipid-raft protein FLOT1 demonstrated punctate staining in the apical surface of ECC-1 plasma membranes and was upregulated in the epithelium in the receptive phase of the menstrual cycle (p lower or equal 0.05).
This is the first study to use a proteomics approach to identify hEEC plasma membrane proteins that may be useful as infertility markers or pharmacological targets for fertility regulation.
This study examined the roles of perceived preventive measures and brand trust on the intention to dine out at restaurants during the reopening period in the United States. A total of 587 ...participants, recruited through a market research company completed the data. Multiple regression was used for data analysis. The results indicated that perceived importance of preventive measures enhanced customers’ intention to dine out via brand trust. Perceived risk moderated the relationship between perceived importance of preventive measures and brand trust. The study provided significant implications for restaurant operation during the reopening period.
Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) exchange procedure is complex. Patients with cognitive impairment (CI) may require assistance. We studied the prevalence of CI among PD patients, its impact on ...PD-related peritonitis and the outcome of assisted PD.
Methods
Cantonese version of Mini-Mental State examination (CMMSE) was performed in 151 patients newly started on PD. Data on patient characteristics including demographics, co-morbidities, blood parameters, medications, and number of PD-related peritonitis in the first 6 months were collected.
Results
151 subjects were recruited. The age of studied patients was 60 ± 15.0 years, and 45 % were female. The prevalence of CI was 13.9 % using education-adjusted cut-off of CMMSE. Patients older than 65-year-old, female, and lower education level were independent risk factors for CI (OR 9.27
p
= 0.001, OR 14.84
p
= 0.005, and OR 6.10
p
= 0.009, respectively). Age greater than 65-year old is an independent risk factor for PD-related peritonitis but CI was not. Patients requiring assisted PD were of older age (
p
< 0.001), lower CMMSE (
p
< 0.001), and scored higher for age-adjusted Charlson Co-morbidity index (
p
< 0.001). Compared with self-care PD patients, assisted PD patients did not have higher rates exit site infection (
p
= 0.30) but had a trend of higher PD peritonitis (
p
= 0.07).
Conclusion
CI is common among local PD patients. Overall, CI could not be identified as an independent risk factor for PD peritonitis. There is a higher prevalence of CI among assisted PD patients but helpers may not completely eliminate the risk of PD-related peritonitis.
•Customer involvement was positively associated with the intention to dine out during the COVID-19 reopening period.•Perceived importance of preventive measures and involvement indirectly affected ...the intention to dine out via brand trust.•The positive country of origin effect moderated the relationship between preventive measures and brand trust.
COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the restaurant industry and reopening provides restaurants an opportunity to survive this crisis. This study examined the interplay of perceived importance of preventive measures, dining involvement, brand trust, and customers’ intention to dine out at American Chinese restaurants during the reopening period. Additionally, the study investigated the moderating role of country-of-origin (COO) effect on these relationships. 296 U.S. restaurant customers recruited via a market research company completed the online survey. Structural equation modeling was used for data analyses. The results indicated that dining involvement had a direct positive effect on customers’ intention to dine out. Moreover, both perceived importance of preventive measures and dining involvement could enhance customers’ intention to dine out indirectly via brand trust. Positive COO effect moderated the relationship between perceived importance of preventive measures and brand trust. The study provided significant implications for restaurant operators in the U.S during the reopening period.
CYP2C19 catalyzes the bioactivation of the antiplatelet prodrug clopidogrel, and CYP2C19 genotype impacts clopidogrel active metabolite formation. CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolizers who ...receive clopidogrel experience reduced platelet inhibition and increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. This guideline is an update to the 2013 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for the use of clopidogrel based on CYP2C19 genotype and includes expanded indications for CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy, increased strength of recommendation for CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers, updated CYP2C19 genotype to phenotype translation, and evidence from an expanded literature review (updates at www.cpicpgx.org).
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