A direct evaluation of erosion and settling sediment fluxes, at the bottom boundary, is determined by measurements in a water column associated with a drifting buoy. The data were acquired during a ...high tide coefficient in the Seine estuary. The bed shear stress and the vertical sediment fluxes are regarded as independent variables. A new relation is proposed for calculating the total mass load of a given water column in a tidal estuary by knowing the friction velocity.
Une nouvelle méthode permettant l’évaluation directe des flux d’érosion et de dépôt de sédiments dans un estuaire macrotidal est proposée. Elle consiste à suivre les caractéristiques physiques, dont la charge solide, d’une colonne d’eau associée au déplacement d’une bouée dérivant dans l’estuaire de la Seine durant un cycle de marée de vive-eau. Cette démarche permet de considérer la contrainte de cisaillement sur le fond et le flux vertical des sédiments comme des variables indépendantes. Une relation entre la variation de la charge d’une colonne d’eau en matières en suspension et la vitesse de frottement sur le fond est suggérée.
Les unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées (UHSA) sont des dispositifs récents en France pour le soin en psychiatrie à des personnes détenues. Celles-ci s’inscrivent dans une histoire et un ...contexte plus large d’imbrication santé–justice. Cet article propose une lecture contextuelle du soin au sein de l’UHSA où nous exerçons. Autour de l’axe espace–temps nous avons décodé des manières de lire le vécu et l’expression psychopathologie des troubles de personnes incarcérées. L’écrasement de l’espace et du temps nous paraît particulièrement prégnant dans le milieu carcéral et demande parfois des solutions autres. L’hospitalisation dans nos murs en est une et certains patients reviennent régulièrement. L’UHSA au niveau de l’espace, du temps et de la relation, prend en charge et accompagne les patients dans un décalage du monde carcéral. À partir des modes d’entrée dans le soin, avec ou sans consentement, se lisent des manières d’être hospitalisé et de s’approprier les soins. Notre hypothèse est que ce lieu permet une sortie ou un enfermement supplémentaire en milieu hospitalier.
Unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées (UHSA) are recent French structures offering psychiatric care to incarcerated persons. UHSA are part of a broader history and context of the interweaving of care and justice. This article proposes a contextual reading of the care processes within the UHSA in which we work. By following a spatio-temporal axis, we have avenues for reading the experience and psychopathological expression of the disorders of incarcerated people. The crushing of space and time seems to us particularly prevalent in the prison environment and sometimes requires other solutions. Hospitalization in a UHSA is now one of them, and some patients return here regularly. UHSA, in terms of space, time and relationships, takes charge of patients and accompanies them in a different way from the prison world. By starting from the ways of entry into care, with or without consent, we can read the ways of being hospitalized and of appropriating care. Our hypothesis is that this place allows an exit or an additional confinement in the hospital environment.
•Hydraulic and thermal numerical model of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage.•Results are combined with a realistic time-varying heating network demand.•Energy mix of the heating system over time is ...derived.•This is applied to the Dogger aquifer and the Paris region.
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) is a promising solution for reducing the time mismatch between energy production and demand in urban environments, and recent successful experiences suggest that technical issues can be overcome. The Paris area is a priori a favorable region, since there is locally a surplus of heat production during the summer, an appropriate geological reservoir and both existing and projected district heating networks. This article focuses on a remaining issue: estimating the geothermal contribution to the energy mix of a district heating network over time when using an ATES. This result would then enable estimating the fuel cost savings obtained by avoiding the consumption of expensive energies during the winter retrieval. This work considers an ATES made of two reversible wells reaching the Dogger aquifer and providing energy to a new low-temperature district heating network heating 7500 housing-equivalents. Non-geothermal energy sources with fluctuating prices over time are used for winter peak demand and for summer heat storage. The temperature of brine unloading at the hot and cold wells is simulated and the adequacy of this geothermal system to meet the load is studied in order to evaluate the time dependent energy mix of the network. Results suggest that in average over the 30 years of operation, the ATES delivers 54GWh per year to the heating system, i.e. a power of 9.5MW during the 34 unloading winter weeks. The geothermal energy share in the energy mix is 70%, higher than the 50% possible with a conventional geothermal doublet. The ratio of energy delivered by the ATES divided by energy spent for storage reaches 143%, and is only slightly reduced to 137% when the cold storage is located on an existing cold plume created by past geothermal energy operations.
Oxazaphosphorines are alkylating agents used in routine clinical practices for treatment of cancer for many years. They are antitumor prodrugs that require cytochrome P450 bioactivation leading to ...4-hydroxy derivatives. In the case of ifosfamide (IFO), the bioactivation produces two toxic metabolites: acrolein, a urotoxic compound, concomitantly generated with the isophosphoramide mustard; and chloroacetaldehyde, a neurotoxic and nephrotoxic compound, arising from the oxidation of the side chains. To improve the therapeutic index of IFO, we have designed preactivated IFO derivatives with the covalent binding of several O- and S-alkyl moieties including polyisoprenoid groups at the C-4 position of the oxazaphosphorine ring to avoid cytochrome bioactivation favoring the release of the active entity and limiting the chloroacetaldehyde release. Thanks to the grafted terpene moieties, some of these new conjugates demonstrated spontaneous self-assembling properties into nanoassemblies when dispersed in water. The cytotoxic activities on a panel of human tumor cell lines of these novel oxazaphosphorines, in bulk form or as nanoassemblies, and the release of 4-hydroxy-IFO from these preactivated IFO analogues in plasma are reported.
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