La industria citrícola genera efluentes que imponen un desafío ambiental debido a su gran contenido de materia orgánica y variabilidad físico-química. En trabajos anteriores se seleccionó a Pleurotus ...pulmonarius LBM 105 inmovilizado en esponja vegetal como una alternativa eco-amigable para su tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en las comunidades bacterianas presentes en un efluente citrícola luego de este tratamiento. Para ello se tomaron muestras de 50 mL del efluente inicial y luego de 10 días de tratamiento, las cuales se centrifugaron para obtener un pellet a partir del cual se extrajo el ADN genómico utilizando el kit NucleoSpin® soil (Biocientífica SA ARGENTINA). El ADN obtenido se envió a Macrogen Inc. (Seúl, Corea del Sur) para la amplificación, construcción de librería y secuenciación de la región V3-V4 del gen 16S rRNA. Los controles de calidad, análisis de secuencias y asignación de unidades taxonómicas operacionales (OTUs) se realizaron con los programas IlluQC v.0.11.2. y Mothur v.1.22.2. Los OTUs fueron clasificados con la base de datos Silvaseed v.132 y los gráficos de los perfiles taxonómicos se realizaron en un entorno R v.4.1.3 utilizando el paquete Phyloseq. Los perfiles taxonómicos a nivel de phyllum en el control estuvieron dominados por Firmicutes, mientras que en el tratamiento predominaron Proteobacteria y Bacteroidetes. El número de comunidades bacterianas a nivel de género en el tratamiento fue más abundante que en el control, indicando que el tratamiento realizado representa una alternativa promisoria.
Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters Breitburg, Denise; Levin, Lisa A; Oschlies, Andreas ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
01/2018, Letnik:
359, Številka:
6371
Journal Article, Web Resource
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Oxygen is fundamental to life. Not only is it essential for the survival of individual animals, but it regulates global cycles of major nutrients and carbon. The oxygen content of the open ocean and ...coastal waters has been declining for at least the past half-century, largely because of human activities that have increased global temperatures and nutrients discharged to coastal waters. These changes have accelerated consumption of oxygen by microbial respiration, reduced solubility of oxygen in water, and reduced the rate of oxygen resupply from the atmosphere to the ocean interior, with a wide range of biological and ecological consequences. Further research is needed to understand and predict long-term, global- and regional-scale oxygen changes and their effects on marine and estuarine fisheries and ecosystems.
The world's forests and forestry sector are facing unprecedented biological, political, social, and climatic challenges. The development of appropriate, novel forest management and restoration ...approaches that adequately consider uncertainty and adaptability are hampered by a continuing focus on production of a few goods or objectives, strong control of forest structure and composition, and most importantly the absence of a global scientific framework and long‐term vision. Ecosystem‐based approaches represent a step in the right direction, but are limited in their ability to deal with the rapid pace of social, climatic, and environmental changes. We argue here that viewing forest ecosystems as complex adaptive system provides a better alternative for both production‐ and conservation‐oriented forests and forestry. We propose a set of broad principles and changes to increase the adaptive capacity of forests in the face of future uncertainties. These span from expanding the sustained‐yield, single‐good paradigm to developing policy incentives and interventions that promote self‐organization and integrated social‐ecological adaptation.
The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in insulin resistance, although evidence regarding causality in humans is scarce. We therefore studied the effect of lean donor (allogenic) versus own ...(autologous) fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to male recipients with the metabolic syndrome. Whereas we did not observe metabolic changes at 18 weeks after FMT, insulin sensitivity at 6 weeks after allogenic FMT was significantly improved, accompanied by altered microbiota composition. We also observed changes in plasma metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid and show that metabolic response upon allogenic FMT (defined as improved insulin sensitivity 6 weeks after FMT) is dependent on decreased fecal microbial diversity at baseline. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of lean donor FMT on glucose metabolism are associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites and can be predicted based on baseline fecal microbiota composition.
Display omitted
•Lean donor FMT in obese metabolic syndrome patients improves insulin sensitivity•Beneficial effects of lean donor FMT are transient•Improvement in insulin sensitivity is linked to changes in plasma metabolites•Response to lean donor FMT is driven by baseline fecal microbiota composition
Kootte et al. show that fecal microbiota transplantation from lean donors to obese patients with metabolic syndrome improves insulin sensitivity, a transient effect associated with changes in microbiota composition and fasting plasma metabolites. Baseline fecal microbiota composition in recipients predicts the response to lean donor fecal microbiota transplantation.
Systolic dysfunction in septic shock is well recognized and, paradoxically, predicts better outcome. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction is often ignored and its role in determining early mortality ...from sepsis has not been adequately investigated.
A cohort of 262 intensive care unit patients with severe sepsis or septic shock underwent two echocardiography examinations early in the course of their disease. All clinical, laboratory, and survival data were prospectively collected. Ninety-five (36%) patients died in the hospital. Reduced mitral annular e'-wave was the strongest predictor of mortality, even after adjusting for the APACHE-II score, low urine output, low left ventricular stroke volume index, and lowest oxygen saturation, the other independent predictors of mortality (Cox's proportional hazards: Wald = 21.5, 16.3, 9.91, 7.0 and 6.6, P< 0.0001, <0.0001, 0.002, 0.008, and 0.010, respectively). Patients with systolic dysfunction only (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50%), diastolic dysfunction only (e'-wave <8 cm/s), or combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction (9.1, 40.4, and 14.1% of the patients, respectively) had higher mortality than those with no diastolic or systolic dysfunction (hazard ratio = 2.9, 6.0, 6.2, P= 0.035, <0.0001, <0.0001, respectively) and had significantly higher serum levels of high-sensitivity troponin-T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). High-sensitivity troponin-T was only minimally elevated, whereas serum levels of NT-proBNP were markedly elevated median (inter-quartile range): 0.07 (0.02-0.17) ng/mL and 5762 (1001-15 962) pg/mL, respectively, though both predicted mortality even after adjusting for highest creatinine levels (Wald = 5.8, 21.4 and 2.3, P= 0.015, <0.001 and 0.13).
Diastolic dysfunction is common and is a major predictor of mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock.
Our experimental studies of electron transport in wide (14 nm) HgTe quantum wells confirm the persistence of a two-dimensional topological insulator state reported previously for narrower wells, ...where it was justified theoretically. Comparison of local and nonlocal resistance measurements indicate edge state transport in the samples of about 1 mm size at temperatures below 1 K. Temperature dependence of the resistances suggests an insulating gap of the order of a few meV. In samples with sizes smaller than 10 μm a quasiballistic transport via the edge states is observed.
Background. Herpes zoster (HZ) adversely affects individuals aged 50—59, but vaccine efficacy has not been assessed in this population. This study was designed to determine the efficacy, safety, and ...tolerability of zoster vaccine for preventing HZ in persons aged 50—59 years. Methods. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 22 439 subjects aged 50—59 years conducted in North America and Europe. Subjects were given 1 dose of licensed zoster vaccine (ZV) (Zostavax; Merck) and followed for occurrence of HZ for ≥1 year (mean, 1.3 years) postvaccination until accrual of ≥96 confirmed HZ cases (as determined by testing lesions swabs for varicella zoster virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction). Subjects were followed for all adverse events (AEs) from day 1 to day 42 postvaccination and for serious AEs (SAEs) through day 182 postvaccination. Results. The ZV reduced the incidence of HZ (30 cases in vaccine group, 1.99/1000 person-years vs 99 cases in placebo group, 6.57/1000 person-years). Vaccine efficacy for preventing HZ was 69.8% (95% confidence interval, 54.1—80.6). AEs were reported by 72.8% of subjects in the ZV group and 41.5% in the placebo group, with the difference primarily due to higher rates of injection-site AEs and headache. The proportion of subjects reporting SAEs occurring within 42 days postvaccination (ZV, 0.6%; placebo, 0.5%) and 182 days postvaccination (ZV, 2.1%; placebo, 1.9%) was similar between groups. Conclusions. In subjects aged 50—59 years, the ZV significantly reduced the incidence of HZ and was well tolerated. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00534248.
PDF
