To perform a network meta-analysis of the literature to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes of three operations for left colon and rectal cancer. Electronic literature searches were ...performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to August 2022. A Bayesian network meta-analysis using R software, ADDIS, and Review Manager 5.4 was conducted to compare outcomes of high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery(IMA),low ligation of the IMA with D2 dissection (LLD2), and low ligation of the IMA with D3 dissection (LLD3). Sensitivity analysis was applied to investigate the influence of each primary study on the final result of the meta-analysis. Asymmetry of data was estimated by using Egger’s tests. Publication bias corrected by trimming and filling method. A total of 44 studies, 5 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 39 non-RCTs, were included in this meta-analysis. HL was associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage (HL vs. LLD2, OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–3.25, P = 0.001; HL vs. LLD3, OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.35–2.01, P < 0.001), and required a longer postoperative hospital stay (HL vs. LLD3, SMD = 0.28, 95%CI 0.09–0.48, P = 0.01).However HL showed an advantage in terms of operation time(HL vs. LLD3, SMD = − 0.13, 95%CI − 0.26 to 0.01, P = 0.04). LLD3 is most likely to rank best in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes after surgery for left colon and rectal cancer. Caution should be taken in the risk of anastomotic leakage when treating colorectal cancer with LLD2. HL, LLD2 and LLD3 provide similar overall survival rates for left colon and rectal cancer.
A passive low-light-level optical fiber endoscope detection imaging system is studied by combining optical fiber endoscope technology with high sensitivity EMCCD low-light-level imaging technology. ...On the basis of designing the overall system, the hardware with dual-mode switching function is constructed by using ordinary color camera and low-light-level camera. The USAF1951 resolution board is used to test the resolution of the system. The results show the white light lateral resolution of the system of 70.1 µm, the night vision lateral resolution of 180 µm. The average value of Bhattacharyya coefficient is 0.8681, indicating that the system can effectively avoid light leakage. In the environment of illuminance of 0.5 Lux, the image frame rate of the system is greater than 25 Hz, indicating that the system has fast imaging speed under low illumination. The imaging gain of the system can be up to 1000 times, indicating that the high-sensitivity low-illuminance camera has excellent imaging ability under low light conditions. After calculation, the system has a field of view of 66.4 cm2, which is more suitable for observing rodents. The passive low-light-level optical fiber endoscope detection imaging system has highly sensitive detection performance under weak light environment such as rodent caves, where active lighting is not suitable.
To compare the oncological survival outcomes of partial colectomy (PC) and hemicolectomy (HC) in patients with stage II colon cancer. A total of 18,795 patients with stage II colon cancer who ...underwent hemicolectomy (n = 12,022) or partial colectomy (n = 6773) from 2010 to 2019 were included in the the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between the two groups, and the threshold of harvested lymph nodes was determined. The results showed that age, gender, race, tumor site, scope of regional lymph nodes, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy, harvested lymph nodes, and tumor size were significantly different between the PC and HC groups (all P < 0.05). The OS rate was slightly lower in hemicolectomy patients than in partial colectomy patients (69.9% vs. 74.5%, respectively, P < 0.001), but CSS was similar between the two groups (87.9% vs. 88.1%, respectively, P = 0.32). After propensity score matching (PSM) was performed, the OS and CSS rates in the two groups were significantly different (CSS 84.3% vs. 88.0%, P < 0.001; OS 62.2% vs. 72.5%, P < 0.001). The survminer R package determined that the optimum threshold for the harvested lymph node count in stage II colon cancer patients was 16. CSS was significantly different between patients with ≥ 12 lymph nodes harvested and patients with ≥ 16 lymph nodes harvested (P = 0.043). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression and survival analyses of stage II colon cancer patients showed that the survival benefit of stage II colon cancer patients receiving partial colectomy was superior to that of patients receiving hemicolectomy. Partial colectomy has significant oncological benefits over hemicolectomy in the treatment of stage II colon cancer patients, even in the case of pT4b or tumor deposits. Removal of 16 lymph nodes during colectomy for stage II colon cancer correlated with improved survival, and this threshold was more effective than the standard threshold of 12 lymph nodes in distinguishing between patients with good and poor prognoses.
MicroRNAs can regulate the transcription of protein‐coding genes associated with the development and progression of cancer. In this study, we explored the potential diagnostic function of exosome ...miR‐3184‐5p in gastric cancer. This exosome was isolated from the blood samples of 150 patients with gastric cancer and 60 healthy participants. The mean particle size and concentration of serum exosome in the patients with gastric cancer were 104.6 nm (93.97–115.84) and 6.21e+009 particles/ml (5.15e+009–7.12e+009), respectively. miR‐3184‐5p expression was substantially downregulated in the patients with gastric cancer compared with that in the healthy participants. The gastric cancer cell line HGC‐27 was cultured and transfected with the mimic and an inhibitor to overexpress and inhibit miR‐3184‐5p expression. miR‐3184‐5p strongly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but induced cell apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that XBP1 was the target of miR‐3184‐5p. miR‐3184‐5p substantially downregulated the expression of CD44, cyclin D1, MMP2, p65, p‐AKT, and p‐STAT3 but upregulated that of GRP78, IRE1, p‐JNK, and CHOP. Moreover, miR‐3184‐5p cleaved caspase‐12 and inhibited BCL‐2 expression. These results suggested that the downregulation of miR‐3184‐5p in patients with gastric cancer might regulate the AKT, STAT3, and IRE1 pathways to promote the vitality of gastric cancer cells.
Exosome miR‐3184‐5p regulates the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of gastric cancer cell by targeting XBP‐1 and activating IRE1 signaling.
Traditional image aesthetic evaluation method usually involves the extraction of a set of relevant image aesthetic features and classification by a classifier trained on the set of features. The ...system's performance greatly depends on the effectiveness of the features. However, most of these features are carefully hand-crafted for specific datasets and assumed strong prior knowledge. Therefore, these features would not be optimal for general image aesthetic evaluation. The deep convolution neural network (DCNN) has the ability to automatically learn aesthetic features, and network structure of different complexity can learn aesthetic features at different scales and different point of views. Moreover, traditional image features, such as edge and saliency map, can be used as auxiliary information for the DCNN. Therefore, a Network-Paralleled and Data-Paralleled DCNN (NP-DP-DCNN) structure is proposed. The Network-Paralleled DCNN fuses networks of different complexity and the Data-Paralleled DCNN fuses original image data and derived feature maps to learn the aesthetic features from different scales and different point of views. Experimental results show that the proposed NP-DP-DCNN structure is able to achieve better classification performance than many existing methods.
Image aesthetic evaluation has attracted much attention in recent years. Image aesthetic evaluation methods heavily depend on the effective aesthetic feature. Traditional meth-ods always extract ...hand-crafted features. However, these hand-crafted features are always designed to adapt particu-lar datasets, and extraction of them needs special design. Rather than extracting hand-crafted features, an automati-cally learn of aesthetic features based on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is first adopt in this paper. As we all know, when the training dataset is given, the DCNN architecture with high complexity may meet the over-fitting problem. On the other side, the DCNN architecture with low complexity would not efficiently extract effective features. For these reasons, we further propose a paralleled convolutional neural network (PDCNN) with multi-level structures to automatically adapt to the training dataset. Experimental results show that our proposed PDCNN architecture achieves better performance than other traditional methods.
Rhizobium huakuii nodulates Astragalus sinicus, an important green manuring crop in Southern China, which can be used as forage. The plasmid profiles of 154 R. huakuii strains were examined with the ...Eckhardt procedure. The plasmid number of the strains varied from one to five, and their molecular weights were estimated from 42 to 600 mDa or more. The plasmids were hybridized with probes nodABC and nifHDK. The results showed that there was one plasmid carrying the nod and nif genes in the strains that harbor two or more plasmids, and the molecular weights of the symbiotic plasmids varied from 117 to 251 mDa. Homology was not observed on plasmids in the strains having only one plasmid; presumably the symbiotic genes are on the chromosome. Plasmid curing was carried out with the Bacillus subtilus sacB to generate derivatives of Rhizobium huakuii strain CH203, which harbors three plasmids, pRHa(97MD), pRHb(168MD), and pRHc(251MD). The largest plasmid (pRHc) carried both nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes. When pRHc was cured, the strain lost its symbiotic ability. The other two plasmids were also related to symbiosis. The derivative cured of pRHb did not nodulate on the host plant, had an altered lipopolysaccharide, and grew much more slowly than the parent strain. Curing of the smallest plasmid (pRHa) resulted in delaying the strain nodulation and made it lose nitrogen fixation ability. Curing of each plasmid in strain CH203 reduced its acid tolerance. Complementation of plasmid-cured strains with appropriate plasmids restored their original phenotypes
The importance of soybean as a source of oil and protein, and its ability to grow symbiotically on low-N soils, point to its continued status as the most valuable grain legume in the world. With ...limited new land on which to expand, and emphasis on sustainable systems, increases in soybean production will come mostly from increased yield per unit area. Improvements in biological nitrogen fixation can help achieve increased soybean production, and this chapter discusses research and production strategies for such improvement. The soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis can fix about 300 kg N ha⁻¹ under good conditions. The factors which control the amount of N fixed include available soil N, genetic determinants of compatibility in both symbiotic partners and lack of other yield-limiting factors. Response to inoculation is controlled by the level of indigenous, competing bradyrhizobia, the N demand and yield potential of the host, and N availability in the soil. Research efforts to improve BNF are being applied to both microbe and soybean. While selection continues for effective, naturally occurring bradyrhizobia for inoculants and the use of improved inoculation techniques, genetic research on bradyrhizobia to improve effectiveness and competitiveness is advancing. Selection, mutagenesis and breeding of the host have focused on supernodulation, restricted nodulation of indigenous B. japonicum, and promiscuous nodulation with strains of bradyrhizobia from the 'cowpea' cross-inoculation group. The research from the host side appears closer to being ready for practical use in the field. Existing knowledge and technology still has much to offer in improving biological nitrogen fixation in soybean. The use of high-quality inoculants, and education about their benefits and use can still make a significant contribution in many countries. The importance of using the best adapted soybean genotype with a fully compatible inoculant cannot be overlooked, and we need to address other crop management factors which influence yield potential and N demand, indirectly influencing nitrogen fixation. The implementation of proven approaches for improving nitrogen fixation in existing soybean production demands equal attention as received by research endeavours to make future improvements.
