An integrated energy system (IES) planning method with modular simulation and optimization models is proposed in this paper. A two-layer bus structure is adopted in the simulation model, where the ...external bus structure is used for power balance while the internal bus structure simulates the fast dynamics of electricity and slow dynamics of heat network in detail. In addition, an improved self-adaptive genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted in the optimization model to solve the multi-dimension and multi-time-scales optimization problem for the regional-user level IEPS. The proposed method can improve the extension flexibility of the system optimal planning model with expected accuracy. A case study is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning method.
Recent years, many researches attempt to open the black box of deep neural networks and propose a various of theories to understand it. Among them, information bottleneck (IB) theory claims that ...there are two distinct phases consisting of fitting phase and compression phase in the course of training. This statement attracts many attentions since its success in explaining the inner behavior of feedforward neural networks. In this paper, we employ IB theory to understand the dynamic behavior of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and investigate how the fundamental features such as convolutional layer width, kernel size, network depth, pooling layers and multi-fully connected layer have impact on the performance of CNNs. In particular, through a series of experimental analysis on benchmark of MNIST and Fashion-MNIST, we demonstrate that the compression phase is not observed in all these cases. This shows us the CNNs have a rather complicated behavior than feedforward neural networks.
In micro electro discharge machining (EDM), single pulse energy of pulsed power supply needs to be limited to a micro order of magnitude. One developing direction is to reduce the discharge pulse ...width for increasing discharging frequency. In order to research on micro EDM with nanometer gaps and nanometer removing units, a novel pulsed power supply with nanosecond pulse width was developed based on triode avalanche principle. The basic electric circuit with a steepening electric circuit was designed for the nanosecond pulse width. The test results show that the discharge pulses with an adjustable peak voltage and a pulse width down to 18 ns can be obtained. The developed pulsed power supply can output a single pulse and continuous pulses under high frequency.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has been applied in the construction of disease model, production of transgenic animals, therapeutic cloning, and other fields. However, the cloning ...efficiency remains limited. In our study, to improve SCNT efficiency, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining were chosen to select recipient oocytes. In addition, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor Zebularine (5 nmol/L) and histone deacetylase inhibitor Scriptaid (0.2 μmol/L) were jointly used to treat sheep donor cumulus cells and reconstructed embryo. Moreover, the expression levels of embryonic development-related genes (OCT4, SOX2, H19, IGF2 and Dnmt1) of reconstructed embryo were also detected. Using BCB + oocytes as recipient cell, donor cumulus cells and reconstructed embryos were treated with 5 nmol/L Zebularine and 0.2 μmol/L Scriptaid, the blastocyst rate in Zeb + SCR-SCNT group (28.25%) was significantly higher than SCNT (21.16%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, results showed that expression levels of OCT4, SOX2, H19, IGF2 and Dnmt1 genes in Zeb + SCR-SCNT embryos were more similar to IVF embryos. Our study proved that 5 nmol/L Zebularine and 0.2 μmol/L Scriptaid treating with sheep donor cumulus cells and reconstructed embryos improved SCNT blastocyst rate and relieve the abnormal expression of embryonic developmental related genes.
ABSTRACT
Objective
To assess the proportion of clinically diagnosed MM2‐type sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) in a Chinese cohort, describe the clinical features of MM2‐cortical (MM2C) and ...MM2‐thalamic (MM2T) type sCJD to improve the early detection of MM2‐type sCJD.
Methods
A total of 209 patients with sCJD admitted to the Xuanwu Hospital between February 2012 and August 2022 were reviewed. The patients were classified into probable MM2C, MM2T‐type sCJD, and other types of sCJD according to current clinical diagnostic criteria. Clinical and ancillary data were compared between the groups.
Results
Fifty‐one (24.4%) patients were clinically diagnosed with MM2‐type sCJD, of which 44 were diagnosed with MM2C‐type sCJD and 7 with MM2T‐type sCJD. In the absence of RT‐QuIC, 27 (61.3%) patients of MM2C‐type sCJD did not meet the US CDC sCJD criteria for possible sCJD on admission, even though the mean period from onset to admission was 6.0 months. However, all of these patients had cortical hyperintensity on DWI. Compared to the other types of sCJD, MM2C‐type sCJD was associated with slower disease progression and the absence of the typical clinical features of sCJD; the MM2T‐type sCJD group had a higher proportion of males, earlier age of onset, longer duration of disease, and a higher incidence of bilateral thalamic hypometabolism/hypoperfusion.
Interpretation
In the absence of multiple typical sCJD symptoms within 6 months, the presence of cortical hyperintensity on DWI should raise concerns for MM2C‐type sCJD after excluding other etiologies. Bilateral thalamic hypometabolism/hypoperfusion may be more helpful in the clinical diagnosis of MM2T‐type sCJD.
Stacked SiGe/Si structures are widely used as the units for gate-all-around nanowire transistors (GAA NWTs) which are a promising candidate beyond fin field effective transistors (FinFETs) ...technologies in near future. These structures deal with a several challenges brought by the shrinking of device dimensions. The preparation of inner spacers is one of the most critical processes for GAA nano-scale transistors. This study focuses on two key processes: inner spacer film conformal deposition and accurate etching. The results show that low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride has a good film filling effect; a precise and controllable silicon nitride inner spacer structure is prepared by using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) tool and a new gas mixtures of CH
F
/CH
/O
/Ar. Silicon nitride inner spacer etch has a high etch selectivity ratio, exceeding 100:1 to Si and more than 30:1 to SiO
. High anisotropy with an excellent vertical/lateral etch ratio exceeding 80:1 is successfully demonstrated. It also provides a solution to the key process challenges of nano-transistors beyond 5 nm node.
The multiple Exp-function method is employed for seeking the multiple soliton solutions to the generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (gKP) equation, where contains one-wave, two-wave, ...and triple-wave solutions. The periodic wave including (exponential, cosh hyperbolic, and cos periodic), cross-kink containing (exponential, sinh hyperbolic, and sin periodic), and solitary containing (exponential, tanh hyperbolic, and tan periodic) wave solutions are obtained. In continuing, the modulation instability is engaged to discuss the stability of obtained solutions. Also, the semi-inverse variational principle is applied for the gKP equation with four major cases. The physical phenomena of these received multiple soliton solutions are analyzed and demonstrated in figures by choosing the specific parameters. By means of symbolic computation these analytical solutions and corresponding rogue waves are obtained with the help of Maple software. Via various three-dimensional, curve, and density charts, dynamical characteristics of these waves are exhibited.
Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently the standard of care in clinically node negative (cN0) breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the negative predictive value (NPV) ...of 18F-FDG dedicated lymph node positron emission tomography (LymphPET) in cN0 patients. Methods: This was a prospective phase II trial divided into 2 stages (NCT04072653). In the first stage, cN0 patients underwent axillary LymphPET followed by SLNB. In the second stage, SLNB was omitted in patients with a negative preoperative axillary assessment after integration of LymphPET. Here, we report the results of the first stage. The primary outcome was the NPV of LymphPET to detect macrometastasis of lymph nodes (LN-macro). Results: A total of 189 patients with invasive breast cancer underwent LymphPET followed by surgery with definitive pathological reports. Forty patients had LN-macro, and 16 patients had only lymph node micrometastasis. Of the 131 patients with a negative LymphPET result, 16 patients had LN-macro, and the NPV was 87.8%. After combined axillary imaging evaluation with ultrasound and LymphPET, 100 patients were found to be both LymphPET and ultrasound negative, 9 patients had LN-macro, and the NPV was 91%. Conclusions: LymphPET can be used to screen patients to potentially avoid SLNB, with an NPV > 90%. The second stage of the SOAPET trial is ongoing to confirm the safety of omission of SLNB according to preoperational axillary evaluation integrating LymphPET.
Background: The activation of tissue factor (TF) is one of the major reasons for coagulation dysregulation after pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the most ...important inhibitor of TF. Studies have demonstrated species incompatibility between pig TFPI and human TF. Methods: A pig-to-macaque heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation model was established to determine the origin of activated TF. Chimeric proteins of human and pig TFPI were constructed to assess the role of Kunitz domains in species incompatibility. Immortalised pig bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with human TFPI were tested for their ability to inhibit clotting in vitro. Results: TF from recipient was activated early after liver xenotransplantation. Pig TFPI Kunitz domain 2 bound human FXa, but Kunitz domain 1 did not effectively inhibit human TF/FVIIa. Immortalised pig bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) transfected with human TFPI showed a prolonged recalcification time in vitro and in a rodent model. Conclusion: Recipient TF is relevant to dysregulated coagulation after xenotransplantation. Kunitz domain 1 plays the most important role in species incompatibility between pig TFPI and human TF, and clotting can be inhibited by human TFPI-transfected pig BMSCs. Our study shows a possible way to resolve the incompatibility of pig TFPI.
Gate-all-around (GAA) structures are important for future logic devices and 3D-DRAM. Inner-spacer cavity etching and channel release both require selective etching of Si0.7Ge0.3. Increasing the ...number of channel-stacking layers is an effective way to improve device current-driving capability and storage density. Previous work investigated ICP selective etching of a three-cycle Si0.7Ge0.3/Si multilayer structure and the related etching effects. This study focuses on the dry etching of a 15-cycle Si0.7Ge0.3/Si multilayer structure and the associated etching effects, using simulation and experimentation. The simulation predicts the random effect of lateral etching depth and the asymmetric effect of silicon nanosheet damage on the edge, both of which are verified by experiments. Furthermore, the study experimentally investigates the influence and mechanism of pressure, power, and other parameters on the etching results. Research on these etching effects and mechanisms will provide important points of reference for the dry selective etching of Si0.7Ge0.3 in GAA structures.
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