Triggered by the endogenous chemical energy in the tumor microenvironment (TME), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) as an emerging non‐exogenous stimulant therapeutic modality has received increasing ...attention in recent years. The chemodynamic agents can convert internal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for oncotherapy. Compared with other therapeutic modalities, CDT possesses many notable advantages, such as tumor‐specific, highly selective, fewer systemic side effects, and no need for external stimulation. Nevertheless, mild acid pH, low H2O2 content, and overexpressed reducing substance in TME severely suppressed the CDT efficiency. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, some kinds of nanomaterials have been utilized with improved CDT efficiency. In particular, the excellent photo‐, ultrasound‐, magnetic‐, and other stimuli‐response properties of nanomaterials make it possible for combination cancer therapy of CDT with other therapeutic modalities, and it has shown superior anti‐cancer activity than monotherapies. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the application of nanomaterial‐based chemodynamic cancer therapy. In this review, the various nanomaterials‐based nanoplatforms for CDT and its combinational therapies are summarized and discussed, aiming to provide inspiration for the design of better‐quality agents to promote the CDT development and lay the foundation for its future conversion to clinical applications.
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging non‐exogenous stimulant therapeutic modality and has drawn increasing attention in recent years. In particular, varieties of nanomaterials have been utilized in CDT with encouraging therapeutic efficiency. The latest progress on CDT‐involved combined therapy is overviewed, aiming to provide inspiration for the design of better‐quality agents and hoping to promote CDT future clinical conversion.
Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs poses a marked threat to human and animal health
. Bats have been recognized as one of the most important reservoirs for emerging ...viruses and the transmission of a coronavirus that originated in bats to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
. Here we provide virological, epidemiological, evolutionary and experimental evidence that a novel HKU2-related bat coronavirus, swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), is the aetiological agent that was responsible for a large-scale outbreak of fatal disease in pigs in China that has caused the death of 24,693 piglets across four farms. Notably, the outbreak began in Guangdong province in the vicinity of the origin of the SARS pandemic. Furthermore, we identified SADS-related CoVs with 96-98% sequence identity in 9.8% (58 out of 591) of anal swabs collected from bats in Guangdong province during 2013-2016, predominantly in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) that are known reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs. We found that there were striking similarities between the SADS and SARS outbreaks in geographical, temporal, ecological and aetiological settings. This study highlights the importance of identifying coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats to mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health and economic growth.
Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China Li, Jiana; Yang, Dongqi; Li, Lan ...
Environmental pollution (1987),
December 2015, 2015-Dec, 2015-12-00, 20151201, Letnik:
207
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We investigated microplastic pollution in 9 commercial bivalves from a fishery market in China. Multiple types of microplastics, including fibers, fragments and pellets, occurred in the tissue of all ...bivalves. The number of total microplastics varied from 2.1 to 10.5 items/g and from 4.3 to 57.2 items/individual for bivalves. Scapharca subcrenata contained on average 10.5 items/g and exhibited the highest levels of microplastics by weight. Fibers were the most common microplastics and consisted of more than half of the total microplastics in each of the 8 species. In Alectryonella plicatula, pellets accounted for 60% of the total microplastics. The most common size class was less than 250 μm and accounted for 33–84% of the total microplastics calculated by species. Our results suggest that microplastic pollution was widespread and exhibited a relatively high level in commercial bivalves from China. More intensive investigations on microplastics should be conducted in seafood.
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•Fiber, fragment and pellet microplastics were found in 9 bivalves.•The abundance of microplastics was 2.1–10.5 items/g.•Fibers were the most common microplastics.•The most common size class of microplastics was less than 250 μm.•Microplastic pollution was widespread and serious in commercial bivalves.
Fiber, fragment and pellet microplastics in the range of 2.1–10.5 items/g were observed in 9 species of commercially popular bivalves from China.
The intercalation compounds with various electrochemically active or inactive elements in the layered structure have been the subject of increasing interest due to their high capacities, good ...reversibility, simple structures, and ease of synthesis. However, their reversible intercalation/deintercalation redox chemistries in previous compounds involve a single cationic redox reaction or a cumulative cationic and anionic redox reaction. Here we report an anionic redox chemistry and structural stabilization of layered sodium chromium sulfide. It was discovered that the sulfur in sodium chromium sulfide is electrochemically active, undergoing oxidation/reduction rather than chromium. Significantly, sodium ions can successfully move out and into without changing its lattice parameter c, which is explained in terms of the occurrence of chromium/sodium vacancy antisite during desodiation and sodiation processes. Our present work not only enriches the electrochemistry of layered intercalation compounds, but also extends the scope of investigation on high-capacity electrodes.The rational design of intercalation electrodes is largely confined to the optimization of redox chemistry of transition metals and oxygen. Here, the authors report the single anionic redox process in NaCrS
where it is sulfur rather than chromium that works as the electrochemical active species.
A built‐in electric field in electrocatalyst can significantly accumulate higher concentration of NO3− ions near electrocatalyst surface region, thus facilitating mass transfer for efficient nitrate ...removal at ultra‐low concentration and electroreduction reaction (NO3RR). A model electrocatalyst is created by stacking CuCl (111) and rutile TiO2 (110) layers together, in which a built‐in electric field induced from the electron transfer from TiO2 to CuCl (CuCl_BEF) is successfully formed . This built‐in electric field effectively triggers interfacial accumulation of NO3− ions around the electrocatalyst. The electric field also raises the energy of key reaction intermediate *NO to lower the energy barrier of the rate determining step. A NH3 product selectivity of 98.6 %, a low NO2− production of <0.6 %, and mass‐specific ammonia production rate of 64.4 h−1 is achieved, which are all the best among studies reported at 100 mg L−1 of nitrate concentration to date.
An electrocatalyst is created by stacking CuCl (111) and rutile TiO2 (110) layers together. A built‐in electric field induced from the electron transfer from TiO2 to CuCl (CuCl_BEF) is thus formed, which triggers interfacial accumulation of NO3− ions around the electrocatalyst. A NH3 product selectivity of 98.6 %, a low NO2− production of <0.6 %, and mass‐specific ammonia production rate of 64.4 h−1 is achieved.
AbstractObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for ...coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019).DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSeven hospitals in Zhejiang province, China.Participants62 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection. Data were collected from 10 January 2020 to 26 January 2020.Main outcome measuresClinical data, collected using a standardised case report form, such as temperature, history of exposure, incubation period. If information was not clear, the working group in Hangzhou contacted the doctor responsible for treating the patient for clarification.ResultsOf the 62 patients studied (median age 41 years), only one was admitted to an intensive care unit, and no patients died during the study. According to research, none of the infected patients in Zhejiang province were ever exposed to the Huanan seafood market, the original source of the virus; all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever in 48 (77%) patients, cough in 50 (81%), expectoration in 35 (56%), headache in 21 (34%), myalgia or fatigue in 32 (52%), diarrhoea in 3 (8%), and haemoptysis in 2 (3%). Only two patients (3%) developed shortness of breath on admission. The median time from exposure to onset of illness was 4 days (interquartile range 3-5 days), and from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 2 (1-4) days.ConclusionAs of early February 2020, compared with patients initially infected with SARS-Cov-2 in Wuhan, the symptoms of patients in Zhejiang province are relatively mild.
Tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to uncover the differences in immune phenotypes of TME in endometrial cancer (EC) using Uterine Corpus Endometrial ...Carcinoma (UCEC) cohort and explore the prognostic significance. We employed GVSA enrichment analysis to cluster The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) EC samples into immune signature cluster modelling, evaluated immune cell profiling in UCEC cohort (n = 538) and defined four immune subtypes of EC. Next, we analysed the correlation between immune subtypes and clinical data including patient prognosis. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of immunomodulators and DNA methylation modification. The profiles of immune infiltration in TCGA UCEC cohort showed significant difference among four immune subtypes of EC. Among each immune subtype, natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+T cells were significantly associated with EC patients survival. Each immune subtype exhibited specific molecular classification, immune cell characterization and immunomodulators expression. Moreover, the expression immunomodulators were significantly related to DNA methylation level. In conclusion, the identification of immune subtypes in EC tissues could reveal unique immune microenvironments in EC and predict the prognosis of EC patients.
Background and Aims
Trimethylation of Lys36 on histone 3 (H3K36me3) catalyzed by histone methyltransferase SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2) is one of the most conserved epigenetic marks from yeast to ...mammals. SETD2 is frequently mutated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor.
Approach and Results
Here, using a liver‐specific Setd2 depletion model, we found that Setd2 deficiency is sufficient to trigger spontaneous HCC. Meanwhile, Setd2 depletion significantly increased tumor and tumor size of a diethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC model. The mechanistic study showed that Setd2 suppresses HCC not only through modulating DNA damage response, but also by regulating lipid metabolism in the liver. Setd2 deficiency down‐regulated H3K36me3 enrichment and expression of cholesterol efflux genes and caused lipid accumulation. High‐fat diet enhanced lipid accumulation and promoted the development of HCC in Setd2‐deficient mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis further revealed that Setd2 depletion induced c‐Jun/activator protein 1 (AP‐1) activation in the liver, which was trigged by accumulated lipid. c‐Jun acts as an oncogene in HCC and functions through inhibiting p53 in Setd2‐deficient cells.
Conclusions
We revealed the roles of Setd2 in HCC and the underlying mechanisms in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and c‐Jun/AP‐1 signaling.
The SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Previous studies mainly focused on Wuhan and typical symptoms. We analysed 74 confirmed COVID-19 cases with GI ...symptoms in the Zhejiang province to determine epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics.
COVID-19 hospital patients were admitted in the Zhejiang province from 17 January 2020 to 8 February 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management and outcome data of patients with GI symptoms were analysed using multivariate analysis for risk of severe/critical type. Bioinformatics were used to analyse features of SARS-CoV-2 from Zhejiang province.
Among enrolled 651 patients, 74 (11.4%) presented with at least one GI symptom (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea), average age of 46.14 years, 4-day incubation period and 10.8% had pre-existing liver disease. Of patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms, 17 (22.97%) and 23 (31.08%) had severe/critical types and family clustering, respectively, significantly higher than those without GI symptoms, 47 (8.14%) and 118 (20.45%). Of patients with COVID-19 with GI symptoms, 29 (39.19%), 23 (31.08%), 8 (10.81%) and 16 (21.62%) had significantly higher rates of fever >38.5°C, fatigue, shortness of breath and headache, respectively. Low-dose glucocorticoids and antibiotics were administered to 14.86% and 41.89% of patients, respectively. Sputum production and increased lactate dehydrogenase/glucose levels were risk factors for severe/critical type. Bioinformatics showed sequence mutation of SARS-CoV-2 with m
A methylation and changed binding capacity with ACE2.
We report COVID-19 cases with GI symptoms with novel features outside Wuhan. Attention to patients with COVID-19 with non-classic symptoms should increase to protect health providers.
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