The development of low-cost and high-performance ZnO Schottky photodetectors (PDs) has drawn intensive attention, but still a challenge due to their poor conductivity and low light utilization ...efficiency. Here, we introduce Ti3C2TX into ZnO films to fabricate Schottky UV PDs via facile spin-coated method. The fabricated ZnO/Ti3C2TX/ZnO compound film shows outstanding performance on photocurrent, responsivity, noise equivalent power (NEP), normalized detection rate (D*), and linear dynamic region (LDR), compared with the original ZnO device. The photocurrent is significantly increased by 466%, and the responsivity is improved by one order of magnitude. In addition, it exhibits relatively low NEP (5.99 × 10−11 W), strong D* (2.53 × 109 Jones), and high LDR (28 dB). The superior performance is ascribed to the enhanced conductivity and light absorption of ZnO film after introduction of Ti3C2TX modification layer, leading to simultaneously faster electron transfer, lower the radiation recombination of electron and holes on the ZnO/Ti3C2TX/ZnO compound film. This work provides a facile way to develop low-cost and high-performance ZnO Schottky PDs.
In order to improve the performance of ZnO Schottky PDs, a new strategy of using Ti3C2TX as the modification layer of ZnO thin films was proposed. The intercalation of Ti3C2TX not only improves the electrical and optical properties of the ZnO film, but also enhances its crystallinity, reduces defects, and greatly enhances the electron-hole separation and collection, and the device shows a significant photocurrent boost. Display omitted
Currently, conventional therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have high failure and relapse rates. Thus, developing new strategies is crucial for improving the treatment of AML. With the ...clinical success of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies against B-lineage malignancies, many studies have attempted to translate the success of CAR T cell therapy to other malignancies, including AML. This review summarizes the current advances in CAR T cell therapy against AML, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, and discusses the potential AML-associated surface markers that could be used for further CAR technology. Finally, we describe strategies that might address the current issues of employing CAR T cell therapy in AML.
Fibrosis is a persistent inflammatory response that causes scarring and tissue sclerosis by stimulating myofibroblasts to create significant quantities of extracellular matrix protein deposits in the ...tissue. Oxidative stress has also been linked to the development of fibrosis in several studies. The nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor controls the expression of several detoxification and antioxidant genes. By binding to antioxidant response elements, NRF2 is activated by oxidative or electrophilic stress and promotes its target genes, resulting in a protective effect on cells. NRF2 is essential for cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. This review describes Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/NRF2 signaling mechanisms and presents recent research advances regarding NRF2 and its involvement in primary fibrotic lesions such as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, and renal fibrosis. The related antioxidant substances and drugs are described, along with the mechanisms by which KEAP1/NRF2 regulation positively affects the therapeutic response. Finally, the therapeutic prospects and potential value of NRF2 in fibrosis are summarized. Further studies on NRF2 may provide novel therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
In this study, a bacterial strain exhibiting high selenite (Na₂SeO₃) tolerance and reduction capacity was isolated from the gut of
larvae and identified as
Se03. The isolate exhibited extreme ...tolerance to selenite (up to 120 mM) when grown aerobically. In the liquid culture medium, it was capable of reducing nearly 100% of 1.0 and 5.0 mM Na₂SeO₃ within 24 and 42 h, respectively, leading to the formation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrated that
Se03 produced spherical electron-dense SeNPs with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 273.8 ± 16.9 nm, localized mainly in the extracellular space. In vitro selenite reduction activity and real-time PCR indicated that proteins such as sulfite reductase and thioredoxin reductase present in the cytoplasm were likely to be involved in selenite reduction and the SeNPs synthesis process in the presence of NADPH or NADH as electron donors. Finally, using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, protein and lipid residues were detected on the surface of the biogenic SeNPs. Based on these observations,
Se03 has the potential to be an eco-friendly candidate for the bioremediation of selenium-contaminated soil/water and a bacterial catalyst for the biogenesis of SeNPs.
Lateral retinacular release of the patella is the main surgical treatment for excessive lateral pressure syndrome. It was first described by Merchant and Mercer in 1974. The main complications of ...arthroscopic lateral retinacular release are hemarthrosis and medial patellar instability. The main causes of these complications are the disturbance of the synovial membrane of the joint capsule and excessive release of the lateral retinaculum. In this article, we introduce a method for arthroscopic lateral retinacular release that maintains the overall structure of the joint capsule: capsule-uncut immaculate (CUI) lateral retinacular release.
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that initiates innate immune responses. DNA-bound cGAS produces cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ...to induce inflammatory cytokines and other immune mediators. cGAS detects DNA without sequence specificity and responds to both cytosolic foreign DNA from pathogens and self-DNA leaked into the cytosol due to genome instability or cellular damage. Because of the diverse sources of cytosolic DNA, the cGAS-STING pathway plays a critical role during infection, autoimmune diseases, and senescence. Moreover, cGAS detects tumor-derived DNA and stimulates endogenous antitumor immunity. Thus, the cGAS-STING pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in various diseases and highlight various approaches targeting the cGAS-STING pathway for cancer therapy.
While anaerobic digester systems (ADS) have been increasingly adopted by large dairy farms to generate marketable energy products, like electricity, from animal manure, there is a growing need for ...assessing the feasibility of regional ADS for multiple farms that are not large enough to capitalize their own ADS. Using geographical information system (GIS) software, this study first identifies potential sites in a dairy region in Vermont, based on geographical conditions, current land use types, and energy distribution infrastructure criteria, and then selects the optimal sites for a given number of ADS, based on the number of dairy farms to be served, the primary energy input to output (PEIO) ratio of ADS, and the existing transportation network. This study suggests that GIS software is a valid technical tool for identifying the potential and optimal sites for ADS. The empirical findings provide useful information for assessing the returns of alternative numbers of ADS in this region, and the research procedures can be modified easily to incorporate any changes in the criteria for this region and can be applied in other regions with different conditions and criteria.
•This study examines the feasibility of regional ADS for multiple dairy farms.•GIS is used to identify candidate sites and optimal locations for ADS in a dairy region.•Model includes environmental, social, infrastructure, and energy return criteria.•Empirical analysis provides scenario results on 1–15 ADS in the study region.•Method could be applied to other regions with different conditions and criteria.
Pre-training techniques have been verified successfully in a variety of NLP tasks in recent years. Despite the widespread use of pre-training models for NLP applications, they almost exclusively ...focus on text-level manipulation, while neglecting layout and style information that is vital for document image understanding. In this paper, we propose the LayoutLM to jointly model interactions between text and layout information across scanned document images, which is beneficial for a great number of real-world document image understanding tasks such as information extraction from scanned documents. Furthermore, we also leverage image features to incorporate words' visual information into LayoutLM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that text and layout are jointly learned in a single framework for document-level pre-training. It achieves new state-of-the-art results in several downstream tasks, including form understanding (from 70.72 to 79.27), receipt understanding (from 94.02 to 95.24) and document image classification (from 93.07 to 94.42). The code and pre-trained LayoutLM models are publicly available at https://aka.ms/layoutlm.
In the current study, a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model with the combined activity of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) bioconcentration, long-range transport, and the highest ...infrared signal intensity (weight ratio of 5:4:1) was constructed based on the threshold method and was further evaluated and analyzed. PBB-153 derivatives with improved combined activity values of bioconcentration, long-range transport, and the highest infrared signals intensity were designed based on contour maps of the CoMFA model. The environmental stability and functionality of the derivatives were also evaluated. The constructed model showed good prediction ability, fitting ability, stability, and external prediction ability. The contribution rates of electrostatic and steric fields to the combined activity of PBBs were 53.4% and 46.6%, respectively. Four PBB-153 derivatives with significantly improved bioconcentration, long-range transport and the highest infrared signal intensity (the combined activity value of these three parameters decreased) were screened with good environmental stability and functionality. Results validated the accuracy and reliability, and ability of the generated model to realize the simultaneous modification of the three activities of the target molecule. The binding ability of the designed derivatives to food chain biodegradation enzymes increased, thereby verifying the improvement in the bioconcentration. The half-lives of the derivatives in air and their ability to be absorbed by the plants significantly improved compared to the target molecule, further showing that the long-range transport of derivatives was reduced. In addition, the introduction of the -NO group caused the N =O stretching vibration of the derivatives to increase the infrared signal intensity. The present model provides a theoretical design method for the molecular modification of environmentally friendly PBBs.
A straightforward access to tricyclic indoles bearing 3,4-fused seven-membered rings has been established by using 4-aminoindoles as 1,4-bisnucleophiles in three-component reactions. ...1H-Azepino4,3,2-cdindoles, 4,6-dihydro-1H-azepino4,3,2-cdindoles and 1,3,4,6-tetrahydro-5H-azepino4,3,2-cdindol-5-ones could thus be synthesized in one pot in moderate to good yields. Beyond opening access to 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles, the use of easily accessible 4-aminoindoles as C,N-1,4-bisnucleophiles also provides a new platform to be used in a diversity-oriented synthesis strategy, fully displaying its benefits of maximizing molecular complexity and reaction diversity.
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