The rapid development of mobile communication devices has brought challenges to wireless networks, where data packets are able to organize and maintain local area networks more freely without the ...constraints of wired devices. Scholars have developed diverse network protocols on how to ensure data transmission while maintaining its self-organizational nature. However, it is difficult for traditional network protocols to meet the needs of increasingly complex networks. In order to solve the problem that the better node set may not be selected when selecting the node set responsible for forwarding in the traditional OLSR protocol, a multi-objective optimized OLSR algorithm is proposed in this paper, which incorporating a new MPR mechanism and an improved NSGA-II algorithm. In the process of route discovery, the intermediate nodes responsible for forwarding packets are determined by the new MPR mechanism, and then the main parameters in the OLSR protocol are provided by the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Matlab was used to build a self-organizing network in this study. In addition, the conventional OLSR protocol, NSGA-II algorithm and multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm are selected to compare with the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce packet loss and end-to-end delay while obtaining better results in HV and Spacing, two multi-objective optimization result evaluation metrics.
The Sansha Yongle Blue Hole (SYBH) is the world's deepest marine blue hole with unique physicochemical characteristics. However, our knowledge of the biodiversity and community structure in SYBH ...sediments remains limited, as past studies have mostly focused on microbial communities in the water column. Here, we collected sediment samples from the aerobic zone (3.1 to 38.6 m) and the deep anaerobic zone (150 m, 300 m) of the SYBH and extracted DNA to characterize the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic communities inhabiting these sediments. Our results showed that the archaeal and bacterial communities were dominated by Thaumarchaeota and Proteobacteria, respectively. The dominant taxa of eukaryotes in different sites varied greatly, mainly including Phaeophyceae, Annelida, Diatomea and Arthropoda. All three examined domains showed clear vertical distributions and significant differences in community composition between the aerobic and anaerobic zones. Sulfide played a prominent role in structuring the three domains, followed by salinity, nitrous oxide, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen, all of which were positively correlated with the turnover component, the main contributor to beta diversity. Neutral community model revealed that stochastic processes contributed to more than half of the community variations across the three domains. Co-occurrence network showed an equal number of positive and negative interactions in the archaeal network, while positive interactions accounted for ~ 80% in the bacterial and eukaryotic networks. Our findings reveal the ecological features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in SYBH sediments and shed new light on community dynamics and survival strategies in the special environment of marine blue holes.
Methylation of RNA plays an important role in cancer. Classical forms of such modifications include N6-methyladenine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and N1-methyladenine (m1A). Methylation-regulated ...long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in various biological processes, such as tumor proliferation, apoptosis, immune escape, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, we performed an analysis of transcriptomic and clinical data of pancreatic cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using the co-expression method, we summarized 44 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes and obtained 218 methylation-associated lncRNAs. Next, with COX regression, we screened 39 lncRNAs that are strongly associated with prognosis and found that their expression differed significantly between normal tissues and pancreatic cancer samples (P < 0.001). We then used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to construct a risk model comprising seven lncRNAs. In validation set, the nomogram generated by combining clinical characteristics accurately predicted the survival probability of pancreatic cancer patients at 1, 2, and 3 years after diagnosis (AUC = 0.652, 0.686, and 0.740, respectively). Tumor microenvironment analysis showed that the high-risk group had significantly more resting memory CD4 T cells, M0 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells and fewer naïve B cells, plasma cells, and CD8 T cells than the low-risk group (both P < 0.05). Most immune-checkpoint genes were significantly different between the high- and low-risk groups (P < 0.05). The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion score showed that high-risk patients benefited more from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (P < 0.001). Overall survival was also lower in high-risk patients with more tumor mutations than in low-risk patients with fewer mutations (P < 0.001). Finally, we explored the sensitivity of the high- and low-risk groups to seven candidate drugs. Our findings indicated that m6A/m5C/m1A-associated lncRNAs are potentially useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis and estimating the prognosis of, and ascertaining the responses to immunotherapy in, patients with pancreatic cancer.
We prove that the steady states of a class of multidimensional reaction–diffusion systems are asymptotically stable at the intersection of unweighted space and exponentially weighted Sobolev spaces, ...paying particular attention to a special case, namely, systems of equations that arise in combustion theory. The steady-state solutions considered here are the end states of the planar fronts associated with these systems. The present work can be seen as a complement to the previous results on the stability of multidimensional planar fronts.
A precise quantification of energy gap for a molecular semiconductor is crucial. However, there has always been a lack of a suitable method which results in an inaccurate measurement. In this ...research, a three-terminal vertical structure (Al/AlOX/Au/ molecular semiconductor/Al), named hot electron transistor has been designed to be the most powerful method for energy gap determination. By analysing the IC-hot–VEB curves, the electron injected barrier and hole injected barrier can be extracted. In combination of the both, the energy gap of four objects, including PBDB-T-2Cl, C60, PTCDA, and Alq3, has been determined finally.
This paper presents a single-layer circularly polarized reflectarray which achieves large bandwidth (BW) in terms of axial ratio (AR), gain, aperture efficiency (AE) and radiation pattern. By using a ...novel wideband S-shaped phasing element, an offset-fed reflectarray with 20° offset beam is designed based on the element angular rotation method. Theoretical analysis is given to analyze the effect of angular rotated elements on the performance of the reflectarray, which indicates that the AR BW of the reflectarray can exceed the AR BW of the feed horn. Furthermore, the influence of the differential spatial phase delay is analyzed quantitatively, and the performance of S-elementbased reflectarrays with different aperture sizes are investigated and discussed. To verify these concepts, a 180 mm × 180 mm prototype with 15×15 elements is fabricated and measured. The measured results confirm that the proposed reflectarray achieves a 68.5% 3-dB AR BW (7 to 14.3 GHz) and a 47.8% 3-dB gain BW (8.6 to 14 GHz). Moreover, the AE is larger than 50% in a 33% BW and larger than 30% in a 64% BW.
This communication presents a single-feed ultra-wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with high front-to-back ratio (FBR). The antenna is composed of two orthogonally placed elliptical dipoles ...printed on both sides of a substrate. To realize high FBR, a novel composite cavity is also proposed and integrated with the presented crossed dipoles, which effectively reduces the backlobe of the crossed dipoles. Simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results that demonstrate an impedance bandwidth from 0.9 to 2.95 GHz (106.5%) and a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth from 1 to 2.87 GHz (96.6%). The measured FBR is about 30 dB across the whole global navigation satellite system (GNSS) band. Compared with other reported single-feed wideband CP antennas, the antenna has advantages such as a wider CP bandwidth and lower backlobe radiation.
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disorder. A nomogram to estimate the risk of hypertension in Chinese individuals is not available. 6201 subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly divided ...into training set and validation set at a ratio of 2:1. The LASSO regression technique was used to select the optimal predictive features, and multivariate logistic regression to construct the nomograms. The performance of the nomograms was assessed and validated by AUC, C-index, calibration curves, DCA, clinical impact curves, NRI, and IDI. The nomogram.sup.140/90 was developed with the parameters of family history of hypertension, age, SBP, DBP, BMI, MCHC, MPV, TBIL, and TG. AUCs of nomogram.sup.140/90 were 0.750 in the training set and 0.772 in the validation set. C-index of nomogram.sup.140/90 were 0.750 in the training set and 0.772 in the validation set. The nomogram.sup.130/80 was developed with the parameters of family history of hypertension, age, SBP, DBP, RDWSD, and TBIL. AUCs of nomogram.sup.130/80 were 0.705 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set. C-index of nomogram.sup.130/80 were 0.705 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set. Both nomograms demonstrated favorable clinical consistency. NRI and IDI showed that the nomogram.sup.140/90 exhibited superior performance than the nomogram.sup.130/80. Therefore, the web-based calculator of nomogram.sup.140/90 was built online. We have constructed a nomogram that can be effectively used in the preliminary and in-depth risk prediction of hypertension in a Chinese population based on a 10-year retrospective cohort study.
Deep-sea systems are among the least understood ecosystems on Earth. Forming large proportions of deep-sea benthic communities, benthic foraminifera play important roles; however, their molecular ...diversity and distribution patterns in the deep-sea seamounts and abyssal plains of the tropical Western Pacific Ocean are poorly known. In this study, using next-generation sequencing, we investigated the molecular diversities and community compositions of benthic foraminifera of the tropical Western Pacific Ocean seamounts and adjacent abyssal plains, with water depth ranging between 263 and 5900 m. A region of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (about 300 bp) was amplified with the foraminiferal-specific primers (s14F3-s17), and the PR2 database was selected as the reference database for sequence assignment. Monothalamiids were assigned most of the 1399 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained. The foraminifera genetic novelty, with an average similarity of 91.33% to reference sequences in the deep sea, was extremely high. Comparing the different habitats, the foraminiferal diversities of the seamounts investigated were both higher than those of their adjacent abyssal plains. Clustering of results showed the foraminifera community composition of the Y3 Seamount to be most like that of its adjacent abyssal plain. Our study indicates that the foraminiferal diversity distribution patterns and community structures between the two seamounts differ, yet they resemble those of their adjacent abyssal plain areas. We infer the possibilities that seamounts are diversity hotspots, possessing particularly high benthic species richness, and that foraminifera spread from them to the adjacent abyssal plains. The results also revealed variations in foraminifera at different water depths and temperatures in seamounts and adjacent abyssal plains. Additionally, an extremely high genetic novelty of foraminifera was observed in these habitats, which points to a hotspot for the discovery of new foraminifera species in deep-sea systems.
•Foraminifera community varied with water depth and water temperature in two seamounts and their adjacent abyssal plain.•Foraminiferal diversity from seamounts was much higher than that from adjacent abyssal plains.•Seamounts might be ‘oases’ in the ‘deserts’ of the abyssal plains and thus spread benthic foraminifera to adjacent areas.•High novelty of foraminifera genetic diversity was observed from deep-sea habitats.
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