Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been proved to be a potential electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber. However, the limited EMW attenuation mechanisms and conductivity have always been recognized as the ...major challenges impeding their further developments. In this study, a new dielectric tuning strategy giving rise to high EMW attenuation performance by manipulating phase content (with 0, 24, 50, and 100 wt% 1T phase) toward MoS2 is demonstrated. The greatly introduced 2H/1T interfaces facilitate the dipole distribution dynamics, and the metal‐semiconductor mixed phase enhances the electron transfer ability. Benefiting from the structural merits, the MoS2 with 50 wt% 1T absorber delivers the maximum reflection loss of −45.5 dB and effective absorbing bandwidth of ≈3.89 GHz, corresponding to nearly ten times higher than that of pure 2H counterpart. Moreover, the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulation and Lorentz transmission electron microscope are performed to visualize the structural advantages of MoS2 absorbers with mixed 2H/1T phases. By manipulating the phase compositions, this study provides a deep understanding and opens an avenue in developing efficient and high performance transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) absorbers.
A new phase manipulating strategy giving rise to high electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation toward MoS2 is demonstrated. The rationally introduced 2H/1T phase interfaces optimize the input impedance characteristics and boost the inhomogeneous charge distribution, thereby presenting the enhanced EMW absorbing abilities. This study inspires a general approach toward tuning the EMW absorbing abilities of transition metal dichalcogenides for practical applications.
Discharge of antibiotic‐containing wastewater causes environmental pollution and threatens biological and human health. An efficient treatment method for this wastewater is urgently required. We ...prepared inorganic–organic hybrid MXene–pillararene nanosheets with a large lateral size (5–8 μm). The hybrid nanosheets were stacked on supports via vacuum‐assisted filtration to prepare membranes with regular parallel slits and an interlayer spacing of 1.36 nm, which were used to purify antibiotic‐containing water. Permeance through the membrane increased 100‐fold compared with most polymeric and other two‐dimensional nanofiltration membranes with similar rejection. This high permeance and rejection was attributed to the large lateral size of the nanosheets, regular interlayer spacing, and electrostatic interaction between the membrane and antibiotics. These membranes will broaden the applications of lamellar materials for the separation of high‐value‐added drugs in academia and industry.
A strategy to prepare a series of inorganic–organic hybrid nanosheets based on pillararene‐intercalated MXene nanosheets is reported, which have larger lateral size compared with the original MXene nanosheets, in which a membrane was formed through vacuum‐assisted filtration. The as‐prepared membranes exhibited relatively high water permeance, rejection, and stability for treating water containing antibiotics under dead‐end filtration and cross‐flow filtration conditions.
While microbial‐based therapy has been considered as an effective strategy for treating diseases such as colon cancer, its safety remains the biggest challenge. Here, probiotics and prebiotics, which ...possess ideal biocompatibility and are extensively used as additives in food and pharmaceutical products, are combined to construct a safe microbiota‐modulating material. Through the host–guest chemistry between commercial Clostridium butyricum and chemically modified prebiotic dextran, prebiotics‐encapsulated probiotic spores (spores‐dex) are prepared. It is found that spores‐dex can specifically enrich in colon cancers after oral administration. In the lesion, dextran is fermented by C. butyricum, and thereby produces anti‐cancer short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, spores‐dex regulate the gut microbiota, augment the abundance of SCFA‐producing bacteria (e.g., Eubacterium and Roseburia), and markedly increase the overall richness of microbiota. In subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models, drug‐loaded spores‐dex inhibit tumor growth up to 89% and 65%, respectively. Importantly, no obvious adverse effect is found. The work sheds light on the possibility of using a highly safe strategy to regulate gut microbiota, and provides a promising avenue for treating various gastrointestinal diseases.
Through host–guest chemistry between Clostridium butyricum and chemically modified prebiotic dextran, prebiotics‐encapsulated probiotic spores (spores‐dex) are prepared to achieve oral bacterial treatment of colon cancer.
Neutrophils are powerful effector leukocytes that play an important role in innate immune systems for opposing tumor progression and ameliorating pathogen infections. Inspired by their distinct ...functions against tumors and infections, the artificial “super neutrophils” are proposed with excellent inflammation targeting and hypochlorous acid (HClO) generation characteristics for targeting and eliminating malignant tumor cells and pathogens. The “super neutrophils” are fabricated by embedding glucose oxidase (GOx) and chloroperoxidase (CPO) into zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) for HClO generation via enzymatic cascades, and then encapsulating them with the neutrophil membrane (NM) for inflammation targeting. In vitro and in vivo results indicate that these artificial “super neutrophils” can generate seven times higher reactive HClO than the natural neutrophils for eradicating tumors and infections. The “super neutrophils” demonstrated here with easy fabrication and good neutrophil‐mimicking property exhibit great potential for biomedical applications.
Artificial “super neutrophils” (GCZM) are designed to simulate the inflammation targeting and HClO generation functions of natural neutrophils. GCZM can accumulate in inflammation sites and exhibit high efficacy to generate highly toxic HClO for complete tumor and pathogen elimination.
Integrating the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has proved to be an optimal strategy for developing catalytic systems with high efficiency, selectivity, and recoverability. ...Supramolecular metal‐organic cages (MOCs), assembled by the coordination of metal ions with organic linkers into discrete molecules, have performed solvent processability due to their tunable packing modes, endowing them with the potential to act as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts in different solvent systems. Here, the design and synthesis of a series of stable {Cu3} cluster‐based tetrahedral MOCs with varied packing structures are reported. These MOCs, as homogeneous catalysts, not only show high catalytic activity and selectivity regardless of substrate size during the CO2 cycloaddition reaction, but also can be easily recovered from the reaction media through separating products and co‐catalysts by one‐step work‐up. This is because that these MOCs have varied solubilities in different solvents due to the tunable packing of MOCs in the solid state. Moreover, the entire catalytic reaction system is very clean, and the purity of cyclic carbonates is as high as 97% without further purification. This work provides a unique strategy for developing novel supramolecular catalysts that can be used for homogeneous catalysis and recycled in a heterogeneous manner.
A series of {Cu12} based tetrahedral (Td) metal‐organic cages (MOCs) with varied packing modes are self‐assembled, which act as highly active homogeneous catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides. The varied packing of Td cages from hexagonal to cubic mode in the MOC enables one‐step heterogenous separation of the catalyst, co‐catalyst, and product, which perfectly bridges the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
A dielectric loss-type electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber, especially over a broad frequency range, is important yet challenging. As the most typical dielectric attenuation absorber, carbon-based ...nanostructures were highly pursued and studied. However, their poor impedance-matching issues still exist. Here, to further optimize dielectric properties and enhance reflection loss, ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets encapsulated in hollow carbon spheres (MoS2@HCS) were prepared via a facile template method. The diameter and shell thickness of the as-prepared HCSs were ∼250 and ∼20 nm. The encapsulated MoS2 nanosheets presented high dispersity and crystallinity. Compared to a pure HCS or MoS2 absorber, MoS2@HCS exhibited an optimized impedance characteristic, which can be attributed to the synergistic effects between HCSs (ensuring rapid electron transmission and compensating the low conductivity of MoS2) and MoS2 nanosheets (exposing sufficient numbers of active sites for polarizations and multi-reflection). Consequently, the MoS2@HCS was endowed with −65 dB EMW attenuation ability under 2 mm and the effective attenuation bandwidth under −20 dB was ∼3.3 GHz over the K-band under 1.2 mm and ∼3.4 GHz over the Ka-band under merely 0.7 mm. These results suggested that the MoS2@HCS is a promising dielectric absorber for practical applications. Meanwhile, this work introduces a facile and versatile strategy, which could in principle be extended to other transition metal sulfide@HCS for designing novel EMW absorbers.
The development of stretchable electronics could enhance novel interface structures to solve the stretchability–conductivity dilemma, which remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a nano‐liquid ...metal (LM)‐based highly robust stretchable electrode (NHSE) with a self‐adaptable interface that mimics water‐to‐net interaction. Based on the in situ assembly of electrospun elastic nanofiber scaffolds and electrosprayed LM nanoparticles, the NHSE exhibits an extremely low sheet resistance of 52 mΩ sq−1. It is not only insensitive to a large degree of mechanical stretching (i.e., 350% electrical resistance change upon 570% elongation) but also immune to cyclic deformation (i.e., 5% electrical resistance increases after 330 000 stretching cycles with 100% elongation). These key properties are far superior to those of the state‐of‐the‐art reports. Its robustness and stability are verified under diverse circumstances, including long‐term exposure to air (420 days), cyclic submersion (30 000 times), and resilience against mechanical damages. The combination of conductivity, stretchability, and durability makes the NHSE a promising conductor/electrode solution for flexible/stretchable electronics for applications such as wearable on‐body physiological signal detection, human–machine interaction, and heating e‐skin.
The development of stretchable electronics could enhance novel interface structures to achieve electrical stability upon stretching and cyclic durability simultaneously, which remains a major challenge. Herein, authors (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12302) reported a nano‐LM‐based highly robust stretchable electrode (NHSE) based on the in situ assembly of electrospun elastic nanofiber scaffolds and electrosprayed LM nanoparticles by mimicking the water‐to‐net interface. Without alloying or adding binder materials, the as‐prepared NHSE realises a self‐adaptable interface to achieve a super‐low resistance under high elongation and an exceptional electrical robustness upon cyclic external stimuli. The combination of conductivity, stretchability, and durability makes the NHSE a promising conductor/electrode solution for flexible/stretchable electronics for applications such as wearable on‐body physiological signal detection, human‐machine interaction, and heating e‐skin.
Correction added on 14 March 2022, after first online publication: Graphical image caption has been updated.
Lung carcinoma is the primary reason for cancer-associated mortality, and it exhibits the highest mortality and incidence in developed and developing countries. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ...SCLC are the 2 main types of lung cancer, with NSCLC contributing to 85% of all lung carcinoma cases. Conventional treatment mainly involves surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and immunotherapy, but has a dismal prognosis for many patients. Therefore, identifying an effective adjuvant therapy is urgent. Historically, traditional herbal medicine has been an essential part of complementary and alternative medicine, due to its numerous targets, few side effects and substantial therapeutic benefits. In China and other East Asian countries, traditional herbal medicine is increasingly popular, and is highly accepted by patients as a clinical adjuvant therapy. Numerous studies have reported that herbal extracts and prescription medications are effective at combating tumors. It emphasizes that, by mainly regulating the P13K/AKT signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the NF-κB signaling pathway, herbal medicine induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. The present review discusses the anti-NSCLC mechanisms of herbal medicines and provides options for future adjuvant therapy in patients with NSCLC.
Constructing redox semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts is the most effective and important means to complete the artificial photosynthetic overall reaction (i.e., coupling CO
photoreduction ...and water photo-oxidation reactions). However, multiphase hybridization essence and inhomogeneous junction distribution in these catalysts extremely limit the diverse design and regulation of the modes of photogenerated charge separation and transfer pathways, which are crucial factors to improve photocatalytic performance. Here, we develop molecular oxidation-reduction (OR) junctions assembled with oxidative cluster (PMo
, for water oxidation) and reductive cluster (Ni
, for CO
reduction) in a direct (
-OR), alternant (
-OR), or symmetric (
-OR) manner, respectively, for artificial photosynthesis. Significantly, the transfer direction and path of photogenerated charges between traditional junctions are obviously reformed and enriched in these well-defined crystalline catalysts with monophase periodic distribution and thus improve the separation efficiency of the electrons and holes. In particular, the charge migration in
-OR shows a periodically and continuously opposite mode. It can inhibit the photogenerated charge recombination more effectively and enhance the photocatalytic performance largely when compared with the traditional heterojunction models. Structural analysis and density functional theory calculations disclose that, through adjusting the spatial arrangement of oxidation and reduction clusters, the energy level and population of the orbitals of these OR junctions can be regulated synchronously to further optimize photocatalytic performance. The establishment of molecular OR junctions is a pioneering important discovery for extremely improving the utilization efficiency of photogenerated charges in the artificial photosynthesis overall reaction.
Ti3C2Tx is considered a candidate for high-efficiency microwave absorption materials due to its adjustable electrical conductivity, low density and high specific surface area in recent years. ...However, the single absorption mechanism could not meet the practical requirements as the functional microwave absorbers. Herein, 0D/1D/2D architectures of Co@C/MXene with 0D Co nanoparticles, 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets were rationally fabricated to enhance the microwave attenuation performance, in which Co@CNTs were in situ grown on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. By changing the amount of Ti3C2Tx MXene to optimize the impedance matching properties, the Co@C/M − 10 absorber exhibits excellent microwave attenuation performance with a minimum reflection loss of −50.5 dB at 5.9 GHz under a thickness of 4.0 mm. Meanwhile, the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (<−10 dB) of Co@C/M − 10 absorber can reach 5.8 GHz under 2.0 mm. The remarkable absorption performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of interface polarizations and magnetic loss. Moreover, the radar cross section (RCS) simulation was also performed via CST. Under the incident angle of 0°, the RCS reduction value of Co@C/M − 10 can reach 33.5 dBm2. This work provides a strategy for synthesizing MXene-based composite materials with tunable electromagnetic attenuation and wide absorption bandwidth performance.
The 0D/1D/2D heterostructure Co@C/MXene composite composed of 0D Co, 1D carbon nanotubes and 2D MXene was fabricated through electrostatic self-assembly and high temperature heat treatment process, which exhibits the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, <―10 dB) of 5.8 GHz (11.3–17.1 GHz) under 2.0 mm. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave attenuation performance of Co@C/MXene under the real far-field condition was estimated by CST simulation, demonstrating the potential of Co@C/MXene in practical applications. Display omitted
•0D/1D/2D architectural Co@C/MXene composite was rationally constructed.•By adjusting the content of MXene, the tunable electromagnetic parameters and boosted EMW attenuation performance were achieved.•Co@C/M − 10 absorber exhibits a RLmin of −50.5 dB and the EAB (<―10 dB) of 5.8 GHz.•CST was utilized to simulate the RCS values of Co@C/MXene under real far-field conditions.
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