Glioma is one of the most widely diagnosed malignancies worldwide. It has been reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are participators in the tumorgenesis of cancers. Nevertheless, the role and ...function of lncRNA SNHG17 among glioma is unclear.
RT-qPCR revealed SNHG17, YY1, miR-506-3p, CTNNB1 expression among glioma cells. CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, flow cytometry, TUNEL and western blot assays revealed the function of SNHG17 in glioma. RIP uncovered SNHG17, miR-506-3p and CTNNB1 enrichment in RISC complex. Luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull down revealed interaction of miR-506-3p with SNHG17 and CTNNB1.
SNHG17 expression was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cells. SNHG17 silence attenuated cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis and repressed tumor growth. Moreover, SNHG17 was up-regulated by transcription factor YY1. Mechanistically, SNHG17 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in glioma. CTNNB1 was referred to as the mRNA of β-catenin, we validated that SNHG17 bound to miR-506-3p to induce CTNNB1 and activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Rescue experiments indicated that CTNNB1 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects of SNHG7 inhibition on glioma progression.
The findings that YY1-induced SNHG17 facilitated the glioma progression through targeting miR-506-3p/CTNNB1 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway offered a brand-new prospects to molecular-targeted treatment for glioma.
•Soil nutrient deficiency inhibited microbial activity in mined land.•Three tree types were investigated by field sampling in restored lands.•Vegetation restoration promoted soil microbial biomass ...and invertase.•Tree species had great impacts on soil microbial biomass.•Soil microbial biomass was a key driver in reclamation of degraded lands.
Soil microbes play an important role in improving soil quality and enhancing carbon cycling, and consequently, are of great significance for the recovery of soil function of degraded lands. However, little is known about soil microbial properties of reconstructed ecosystems established on degraded lands. We investigated soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity for three restored tree types in post-mining lands by field sampling. The results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon increased averagely by 133.9% via planting Quercus liaotungens, Pinus tabuliformis and Rhus typhina. Invertase activity in restored site increased by 138.8% compared with that in the control site. Litter input and root exudate provided carbon sources for soil microbes during vegetation succession, and increases of soil nitrogen content and water-holding capacity were also beneficial to improve microbial growth and activity. Soil microbial biomass and invertase activity displayed significant differences due to tree species (P < 0.01), which could be explained mainly by differences in nutrition content and fine root biomass. However, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in restored lands were significantly lower than those in natural forests. Our results suggest that low soil microbial biomass might restrict the recovery of soil function during restoration of post-mining lands in semi-arid region.
Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy to generate green energy, which requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen ...evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER). Ionic liquids (ILs) or poly (ionic liquids) (PILs), containing heteroatoms, metal-based anions, and various structures, have been frequently involved as precursors to prepare electrocatalysts for water splitting. Moreover, ILs/PILs possess high conductivity, wide electrochemical windows, and high thermal and chemical stability, which can be directly applied in the electrocatalysis process with high durability. In this review, we focus on the studies of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts for HER and OER, where ILs/PILs are applied as heteroatom dopants and metal precursors to prepare catalysts or are directly utilized as the electrocatalysts. Due to those attractive properties, IL/PIL-derived electrocatalysts exhibit excellent performance for electrochemical water splitting. All these accomplishments and developments are systematically summarized and thoughtfully discussed. Then, the overall perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts are provided.
Ionic liquid (IL) and poly (ionic liquid) (PIL) have been widely involved in electrocatalyst preparation for water splitting. In this review, studies of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts for HER and OER were evaluated, where ILs/PILs were applied as precursors to prepare catalysts or directly utilized as catalysts. All these accomplishments and developments are systematically summarized and thoughtfully discussed. Then, the overall perspectives for the current challenges and future development are provided. Display omitted
•The latest applications of IL/PIL in water splitting are updated and evaluated.•ILs/PILs are not only applied as precursors but also directly as electrocatalysts.•The preparation mechanism and specific roles of IL/PIL are described and discussed.•Deep scientific insights for the future design of IL/PIL-based electrocatalysts are discussed.
Water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) play an important role in performance improvement for TiO2 photoanode-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but their promotion effect is greatly ...restricted by the deep valence band of TiO2 and great challenges to maximize their electrocatalytic water oxidation activity and synergistic interaction with TiO2. Herein, we report direct growth of ultra-small, uniformly dispersed, and highly dense CoOx nanoparticles (NPs) on TiO2 nanowire arrays (NWAs) via polymer-mediated self-assembly, in which the polymer serves simultaneously as a linker, stabilizer, and reductant. The obtained nanohybrid arrays show a photocurrent density of 2.09 mA cm−2 and a photoconversion efficiency of 1.01%, which are 3.17 and 3.37 times, respectively higher than that (0.66 mA cm−2, 0.30%) of pristine TiO2 NWAs, and are among the largest reported for WOC-assembled TiO2 photoanodes. Further, their photocurrent density decreases only by ~11.81% while that of TiO2 NWAs decays by ~54.40% after 6900 s. The remarkable promotion effect of CoOx NPs is ascribed to their high intrinsic catalytic activity, ultra-small size, uniform dispersion, and high density significantly enhancing charge separation and hole injection and accelerating charge transfer and transport. This work not only creates a novel CoOx NPs/TiO2 NWA photoelectrode to significantly promote the PEC water oxidation performance of TiO2 NWAs and provides scientific insights into the enhancement mechanism, but also offers a general strategy for self-assembly of WOCs on various photoelectrodes with complex geometries for PEC water splitting.
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•CoOx NPs were directly grown on TiO2 NWAs via polymer-mediated self-assembly.•PVP could interact with TiO2, stabilize CoOx and its precursors, and reduce Co2+.•CoOx NPs/TiO2 NWAs show much higher water oxidation performance than TiO2 NWAs.•The activity is among the largest reported for WOC-assembled TiO2 photoanodes.•CoOx NPs enhance charge separation, transfer, and transport and hole injection.
DNA extraction represents a significant bottleneck in nucleic acid analysis. In this study, hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were synthesized and employed as solvents for the rapid and ...efficient extraction of DNA from aqueous solution. The DNA-enriched microdroplets were manipulated by application of a magnetic field. The three MILs examined in this study exhibited unique DNA extraction capabilities when applied toward a variety of DNA samples and matrices. High extraction efficiencies were obtained for smaller single-stranded and double-stranded DNA using the benzyltrioctylammonium bromotrichloroferrate(III) ((C8)3BnN+FeCl3Br–) MIL, while the dicationic 1,12-di(3-hexadecylbenzimidazolium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide bromotrichloroferrate(III) ((C16BnIM)2C12 2+NTf2 –, FeCl3Br–) MIL produced higher extraction efficiencies for larger DNA molecules. The MIL-based method was also employed for the extraction of DNA from a complex matrix containing albumin, revealing a competitive extraction behavior for the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrachloroferrate(III) (P6,6,6,14 +FeCl4 –) MIL in contrast to the (C8)3BnN+FeCl3Br– MIL, which resulted in significantly less coextraction of albumin. The MIL-DNA method was employed for the extraction of plasmid DNA from bacterial cell lysate. DNA of sufficient quality and quantity for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was recovered from the MIL extraction phase, demonstrating the feasibility of MIL-based DNA sample preparation prior to downstream analysis.
The twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process endows the luminogen-containing rotatable electron donor−π–acceptor (D−π–A) structure with different electronically excited state energy ...levels, resulting in multiple photophysical properties. In this work, a new propeller-like molecule of 5,6-di(4-N,N-(dimethylamino)phenyl)pyrido2,3-bpyrazine (APPP) with a rotatable D−π–A structure was facilely prepared, which exhibited a typical TICT character. Interestingly, aggregation/viscosity-induced emission and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) signal inversion from reverse saturation absorption (RSA) to saturation absorption (SA) in the aggregated state or in solutions with high viscosity were observed in this system. Mechanism studies showed that these properties were originated from the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) process, which not only cut off the nonradiative transition channel of electronically excited states but also influenced the electronically excited state transition rate from the charge transfer (CT) state to the TICT state. According to these results, a temperature-triggered third-order NLO optical switch was successfully designed. This work affords a new type of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) with third-order NLO properties and, more importantly, provides a visualized prototype to understand the origination of third-order NLO properties in TICT systems.
All paramyxoviruses, which include the mumps virus, measles virus, Nipah virus, Newcastle disease virus, and Sendai virus, have non-segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes. These RNA ...genomes are enwrapped throughout the viral life cycle by nucleoproteins, forming helical nucleocapsids. In addition to these helical structures, recombinant paramyxovirus nucleocapsids may occur in other assembly forms such as rings, clam-shaped structures, and double-headed nucleocapsids; the latter two are composed of two single-stranded helices packed in a back-to-back pattern. In all of these assemblies, the neighboring nucleoprotein protomers adopt the same domain-swapping mode via the N-terminal arm, C-terminal arm, and recently disclosed N-hole. An intrinsically disordered region in the C-terminal domain of the nucleoproteins, called the N-tail, plays an unexpected role in regulating the transition among the different assembly forms that occurs with other viral proteins, especially phosphoprotein. These structures, together with the helical nucleocapsids, significantly enrich the structural diversity of the paramyxovirus nucleocapsids and help explain the functions of these diverse assemblies, including RNA genome protection, transcription, and replication, as well as encapsulation.
The viral polymerase complex, comprising the large protein (L) and phosphoprotein (P), is crucial for both genome replication and transcription in non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses (nsNSVs), ...while structures corresponding to these activities remain obscure. Here, we resolved two L-P complex conformations from the mumps virus (MuV), a typical member of nsNSVs, via cryogenic-electron microscopy. One conformation presents all five domains of L forming a continuous RNA tunnel to the methyltransferase domain (MTase), preferably as a transcription state. The other conformation has the appendage averaged out, which is inaccessible to MTase. In both conformations, parallel P tetramers are revealed around MuV L, which, together with structures of other nsNSVs, demonstrates the diverse origins of the L-binding X domain of P. Our study links varying structures of nsNSV polymerase complexes with genome replication and transcription and points to a sliding model for polymerase complexes to advance along the RNA templates.
With the increase in elevator usage, more and more elevator real-time monitoring equipment is being applied to the operation of elevators. Traditional elevator monitoring equipment adopts a ...multi-sensor decentralized installation and layout, and the monitoring accuracy is low, which directly affects the effective alarm of the monitoring system; however, existing online monitoring systems cannot quickly alarm for faults. Aiming to solve the above problems, an elevator online monitoring system based on narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is designed. The system is highly integrated with an STM32 main control chip, a six-axis acceleration gyroscope sensor, and an air pressure sensor to realize the edge calculation of the monitoring system. At the same time, this paper eliminates the temperature drift of the pressure sensor by using a temperature compensation algorithm and inputs the extracted characteristic parameters into the BP neural network for training to eliminate the zero drift so as to obtain the real-time height data of the elevator. The six-axis acceleration gyroscope sensor is used to calculate the posture so as to avoid the problem that a three-axis acceleration sensor or a three-axis gyroscope sensor alone cannot obtain accurate posture data. In order to further improve the monitoring accuracy, the peak-to-peak value of the signal is calculated by using a 95% confidence interval algorithm to reduce the suppression of the high-frequency components of the signal by noise and ensure that the signal has a large signal-to-noise ratio so that the obtained elevator car posture and vibration operation data are more accurate. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
To reveal the impact of cadmium stress on the physiological mechanism of lettuce, simultaneous determination and correlation analyses of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic function were conducted ...using lettuce seedlings as the research subject. The changes in relative chlorophyll content, rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics curve, and related chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of lettuce seedling leaves under cadmium stress were detected and analyzed. Furthermore, a model for estimating relative chlorophyll content was established. The results showed that cadmium stress at 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg had a promoting effect on the relative chlorophyll content, while cadmium stress at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg had an inhibitory effect on the relative chlorophyll content. Moreover, with the extension of time, the inhibitory effect became more pronounced. Cadmium stress affects both the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem II in lettuce seedling leaves, damaging the electron transfer chain and reducing energy transfer in the photosynthetic system. It also inhibits water photolysis and decreases electron transfer efficiency, leading to a decline in photosynthesis. However, lettuce seedling leaves can mitigate photosystem II damage caused by cadmium stress through increased thermal dissipation. The model established based on the energy captured by a reaction center for electron transfer can effectively estimate the relative chlorophyll content of leaves. This study demonstrates that chlorophyll fluorescence techniques have great potential in elucidating the physiological mechanism of cadmium stress in lettuce, as well as in achieving synchronized determination and correlation analyses of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic function.
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