Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common surgeries performed to relieve joint pain in patients with end‐stage osteoarthritis or rheumatic arthritis of the knee. However, TKA is ...followed by moderate to severe postoperative pain that affects postoperative rehabilitation, patient satisfaction, and overall outcomes. Historically, opioids have been widely used for perioperative pain management of TKA. However, opioids are associated with undesirable adverse effects, such as nausea, respiratory depression, and retention of urine, which limit their application in daily clinical practice. The aim of this review was to discuss the current postoperative pain management regimens for TKA. Our review of the literature demonstrated that multimodal analgesia is considered the optimal regimen for perioperative pain management of TKA and improves clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, through a combination of several types of medications and delivery routes, including preemptive analgesia, neuraxial anesthesia, peripheral nerve blockade, patient‐controlled analgesia and local infiltration analgesia, and oral opioid/nonopioid medications. Multimodal analgesia provides superior pain relief, promotes recovery of the knee, and reduces opioid consumption and related adverse effects in patients undergoing TKA.
With more than 600,000 mortalities each year, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Recently, mechanisms involving noncoding RNAs have been implicated ...in the development of CRC.
We examined expression levels of lncRNA CRNDE and miR-181a-5p in 64 cases of CRC tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were performed to examine the effect of CRNDE and miR-181a-5p on proliferation and chemoresistance of CRC cells. Using fluorescence reporter and western blot assays, we also explored the possible mechanisms of CRNDE in CRC cells.
In this study, we found that the expression levels of the CRNDE were upregulated in CRC clinical tissue samples. We identified microRNA miR-181a-5p as an inhibitory target of CRNDE. Both CRNDE knockdown and miR-181a-5p overexpression in CRC cell lines led to inhibited cell proliferation and reduced chemoresistance. We also determined that β-catenin and TCF4 were inhibitory targets of miR-181a-5p, and that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited by both CRNDE knockdown and miR-181a-5p overexpression. Significantly, we found that the repression of cell proliferation, the reduction of chemoresistance, and the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by CRNDE knockdown would require the increased expression of miR-181a-5p.
Our study demonstrated that the lncRNA CRNDE could regulate the progression and chemoresistance of CRC via modulating the expression levels of miR-181a-5p and the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
The spaceborne stripmap range sweep synthetic aperture radar (SS-RSSAR) is a new concept spaceborne SAR system that images the region of interest (ROI) with ROI-orientated strips, which, unlike the ...traditional spaceborne SAR, are allowed to be not parallel with the satellite orbit. The SS-RSSAR imaging is a challenging problem because echoes of a wide region have strong spatial varieties, especially in high-squint geometries, and are hard to be focused by a single swath. The traditional imaging algorithms could solve this problem by cost-ineffectively dividing an ROI into many subswaths for separate processing. In this paper, a new wide nonlinear chirp scaling (W-NLCS) algorithm is proposed to efficiently image the SS-RSSAR data in a single swath. Comparing with the traditional nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm, the W-NLCS algorithm is superior in three major aspects: the nonlinear bulk range migration compensation (RMC), the interpolation-based residual RMC, and the modified azimuth frequency perturbation. Specifically, the interpolation for the residual RMC, the most significant step in achieving the wide-swath imaging performance, is made innovatively in the time domain. The derivation of the W-NLCS algorithm, as well as the performance analyses of the W-NLCS algorithm in aspects of the azimuth resolution, accuracy, and complexity, are all provided. The presented approach is evaluated by the point target simulations.
A novel triazine‐based covalent organic framework (TFPT‐Bz COF) has been constructed by the condensation of 2,4,6‐tris(5‐formyl‐2‐pyridinoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TFPT) and benzidine (BZ) with deep ...eutectic solvent (DES) as the reaction medium. After the introduction of Pd ions through strong coordination to TFPT‐Bz COF matrix, the constructed TFPT‐Bz COF/Pd composite exhibited excellent catalytic activity for C−H arylation of azoles with aryl halides in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran. The protocol allows the arylation of a variety of substituted azoles with diverse aryl halides in high to excellent yield. Moreover, the TFPT‐Bz COF/Pd catalyst can be recycled several times without significantly reducing its activity.
A palladium‐functionalized covalent organic framework with high thermal and chemical stabilities has been prepared and used as heterogeneous ligand to immobilize PdII. The resulting Pd‐bound COF was found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the C−H arylation of azoles and aryl halides with high recyclability.
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome. It is the most common cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. The disease is also involved ...in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis and can directly affect the outcome of patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, the focus of treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has also begun to focus on the treatment of risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease. In this study, we investigated the difference between patients with coronary artery stenosis combined with NAFLD and those without NAFLD and evaluated the predictive factors and value of functional coronary artery ischemia in patients with NAFLD.
Hypothesis
Many clinical factors (such as age, BMI, hyperglycemia) and imaging parameters (such as CACS grade) in the NAFLD group were different from those in the non‐NAFLD group. The predictive model combined with multiple influencing factors has a good value in predicting coronary artery ischemia in patients with NAFLD.
Methods
We collected the clinical and imaging data of patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) scans between January and June 2023. A total of 392 patients were included and divided into the NAFLD group and the non‐NAFLD group. Based on CT fractional flow reserve (CT‐FFR), patients with NAFLD were divided into CT‐FFR ≤ 0.08 group and CT‐FFR > 0.08 group.
Results
Significant differences were observed between the non‐NAFLD and NAFLD groups in terms of age, body mass index, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein, coronary artery disease‐reporting and data system (CAD‐RADS) classification, CACS classification, number of diseased coronary arteries, and CT‐FFR ≤ 0.80 ratio (p < .05). The CAD‐RADS and CACS classifications can independently predict functional coronary artery ischemia in NAFLD patients. The combined use of CAD‐RADS and CACS classifications resulted in an area under the curve of 0.819 (95% confidence interval: 0.761–0.876) for predicting coronary artery ischemia in NAFLD patients, which was higher than the individual classification methods (CAD‐RADS: 0.762, CACS: 0.742) (p = .000).
Conclusions
There are differences between patients with coronary artery stenosis and NAFLD and those without NAFLD. The CAD‐RADS classification and CACS classification can economically and efficiently predict functional coronary artery ischemia in patients with NAFLD, which has crucial value in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Statistically significant difference factors between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and those without NAFLD. Body mass index, the proportion of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, UA, and TG of NAFLD patients were higher than those of the NO NAFLD group, while HDLC and Age were lower than that of NO NAFLD patients.
Protists, functionally divided into consumers, phototrophs, and parasites act as integral components and vital regulators of microbiomes in soil–plant continuums. However, the drivers of community ...structure, assembly mechanisms, co‐occurrence patterns, and the associations with human pathogens and different protistan trophic groups remain unknown. Here, we characterized the phyllosphere and soil protistan communities associated with three vegetables under different fertilization treatments (none and organic fertilization) at five growth stages. In this study, consumers were the most diverse soil protist group, had the role of inter‐kingdom connector, and were the primary biomarker for rhizosphere soils which were subjected to decreasing deterministic processes during plant growth. In contrast, phototrophs had the greatest niche breadth and formed soil protistan hubs, and were the primary biomarkers for both bulk soils and the phyllosphere. Parasites had minimal input to microbial co‐occurrence networks. Organic fertilization increased the relative abundance (RA) of pathogenic protists and the number of pathogen–consumer connections in rhizosphere soils but decreased protistan richness and the number of internal protistan links. This study advances our understanding of the ecological roles and potential links between human pathogens and protistan trophic groups associated with soil–plant continuums, which is fundamental to the regulation of soil–plant microbiomes and maintenance of environmental and human health.
Protists are integral components of the microbiome in soil–plant systems, yet little is known about the dynamics of each protistan trophic group during plant growth and their association with human health. Here, we systematically characterized the protistan communities from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soils at different growth stages of three vegetables under different fertilization treatments (none and organic fertilization). Phototrophs were the dominant phyllosphere protists and also represented the major soil protistan module hub within co‐occurrence networks. Soil consumers were essential inter‐kingdom connectors being closely associated with potential human pathogens. Organic fertilization increased both pathogenic protists and pathogen–consumer connections in rhizosphere soils, suggesting that rhizosphere soil was a potential hotspot for pathogen transmission. Our findings present novel insights into the dynamics and ecological roles of each protistan trophic group and have implications for environmental applications of protists, fertilization management optimization, and supporting human health.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiac emergencies with high morbidity and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since MI could develop into a life-threatening emergency and ...could also seriously affect the life quality of patients, continuous efforts have been made to create an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of MI and reduce MI-related mortality. Numerous studies have confirmed that neutrophils play important roles in inflammation and innate immunity, which provide the first line of defense against microorganisms by producing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, releasing reactive oxygen species, and degranulating components of neutrophil cytoplasmic granules to kill pathogens. Recently, researchers reported that neutrophils are closely related to the severity and prognosis of patients with MI, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in post-MI patients had predictive value for major adverse cardiac events. Neutrophils have been increasingly recognized to exert important functions in MI. Especially, granule proteins released by neutrophil degranulation after neutrophil activation have been suggested to involve in the process of MI. This article reviewed the current research progress of neutrophil granules in MI and discusses neutrophil degranulation associated diagnosis and treatment strategies. Video abstract Neutrophils played a crucial role throughout the process of MI, and neutrophil degranulation was the crucial step for the regulative function of neutrophils. Both neutrophils infiltrating and neutrophil degranulation take part in the injury and repair process immediately after the onset of MI. Since different granule subsets (e g. MPO, NE, NGAL, MMP-8, MMP-9, cathelicidin, arginase and azurocidin) released from neutrophil degranulation show different effects through diverse mechanisms in MI. In this review, we reviewed the current research progress of neutrophil granules in MI and discusses neutrophil degranulation associated diagnosis and treatment strategies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO); Neutrophil elastase (NE); Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL); Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8); Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).
SUMMARY
Lignin is an important component of plant cell walls and plays crucial roles in the essential agronomic traits of tea quality and tenderness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the ...regulation of lignin biosynthesis in tea plants remain unclear. CsWRKY13 acts as a negative regulator of lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. In this study, we identified a GRAS transcription factor, phytochrome A signal transduction 1 (CsPAT1), that interacts with CsWRKY13. Silencing CsPAT1 expression in tea plants and heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis demonstrated that CsPAT1 positively regulates lignin accumulation. Further investigation revealed that CsWRKY13 directly binds to the promoters of CsPAL and CsC4H and suppresses transcription of CsPAL and CsC4H. CsPAT1 indirectly affects the promoter activities of CsPAL and CsC4H by interacting with CsWRKY13, thereby facilitating lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. Compared with the expression of CsWRKY13 alone, the co‐expression of CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13 in Oryza sativa significantly increased lignin biosynthesis. Conversely, compared with the expression of CsPAT1 alone, the co‐expression of CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13 in O. sativa significantly reduced lignin accumulation. These results demonstrated the antagonistic regulation of the lignin biosynthesis pathway by CsPAT1 and CsWRKY13. These findings improve our understanding of lignin biosynthesis mechanisms in tea plants and provide insights into the role of the GRAS transcription factor family in lignin accumulation.
Significance Statement
Silencing of CsPAT1 expression in tea plants and heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa demonstrated that CsPAT1 positively regulates lignin accumulation. CsPAT1 indirectly regulates the promoter activity of CsPAL and CsC4H through its interaction with CsWRKY13, facilitating lignin biosynthesis in tea plants. Our findings provide new insights into the role of the GRAS transcription factor family in the regulation of lignin accumulation in tea plants and other plant species.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is well known for phase variation between opaque (O) and transparent (T) colonies within clonal populations. While the O variant is specialized in invasive infection (with a ...thicker capsule and higher resistance to host clearance), the T counterpart possesses a relatively thinner capsule and thereby higher airway adherence and colonization. Our previous study found that phase variation is caused by reversible switches of the "opaque ON-or-OFF" methylomes or methylation patterns of pneumococcal genome, which is dominantly driven by the PsrA-catalyzed inversions of the DNA methyltransferase hsdS genes. This study revealed that switch frequency between the O and T variants is regulated by five transcriptional response regulators (rr) of the two-component systems (TCSs). The mutants of rr06, rr08, rr09, rr11 and rr14 produced significantly fewer O and more T colonies. Further mutagenesis revealed that RR06, RR08, RR09 and RR11 enrich the O variant by modulating the directions of the PsrA-catalyzed inversion reactions. In contrast, the impact of RR14 (RitR) on phase variation is independent of PsrA. Consistently, SMRT sequencing uncovered significantly diminished "opaque ON" methylome in the mutants of rr06, rr08, rr09 and rr11 but not that of rr14. Lastly, the phosphorylated form of RR11 was shown to activate the transcription of comW and two sugar utilization systems that are necessary for maintenance of the "opaque ON" genotype and phenotype. This work has thus uncovered multiple novel mechanisms that balance pneumococcal epigenetic status and physiology.
•A molecularly imprinted fiber was prepared by sol–gel technique for SPME.•Parathion-methyl was the template and calixarene was the functional monomer.•The fiber showed high capacity, excellent ...solvent and thermal stability.•Any changes to the structure of the template would decrease the imprinting factor.•SPME achieved pretty lower LODs and better recoveries than LLE.
Calixarene was used as a functional monomer to fabricate a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) by sol–gel technique for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of parathion-methyl and its structural analogs. The MIP-coated fiber possessed excellent thermal and chemical stability as well as high extraction capacity. Its selectivity and possible recognition mechanism were investigated. The similarities in molecular shape and functional group play a key role in the selective recognition of the imprinted material. Any changes to the structure of the template would decrease the imprinting factor. A comparison of MIP-SPME was made with liquid–liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in fruits. Much lower limits of detection and better recoveries were achieved by SPME in spiked apple and pineapple samples. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed method using the calixarene MIP fiber was more suitable for selective determination of trace OPPs in those fruit samples.
PDF
