Defects at the interfaces of perovskite (PVK) thin films are the main factors responsible for instability and low photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVK solar cells (PSCs). Here, a ...SnO2‐MXene composite electron transport layer (ETL) is used in PSCs to improve interfacial contact and passivate defects at the SnO2/perovskite interface. The introduced MXene regulates SnO2 dispersion and induces a vertical growth of PVK. The lattice matching of MXene and perovskite suppresses the concentration of interfacial stress, thereby obtaining a perovskite film with low defects. Compared with SnO2‐based device, the PCE of SnO2‐MXene‐based device is improved by 15 % and its short‐circuit current is up to 25.07 mA cm−2. Furthermore, unencapsulated device maintained about 90 % of its initial efficiency even after 500 h of storage at 30–40 % relative humidity in ambient air. The composite ETL strategy provides a route to engineer interfacial passivation between metal halide perovskites and ETLs.
MXene nanosheets introduced to SnO2‐based perovskite solar cells maximize the interface matching between SnO2 and perovskite and induce vertically aligned crystal growth. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) is improved by 15 %, reaching 23.07 %, and the short‐circuit current is up to 25.07 mA cm−2. In addition, an unencapsulated device maintains 90 % of its initial PCE after 500 h of storage in ambient air.
A novel bacterial strain designated as Rhodococcus pyridinivorans XB, capable of utilizing various endocrine disruptor phthalates or phthalic acid (PA) as sole source of carbon and energy, was ...isolated from activated sludge. Under the optimal culture conditions (pH 7.08, 30.4 °C, inoculum size (OD600 nm) of 0.6) obtained by response surface methodology, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 200 mg/L) could be degraded by strain XB with a removal rate of 98% within 48 h. Under the observation of an atomic force microscope, it was confirmed that DEHP did not inhibit the growth of strain XB which might produce some extracellular polymeric substances as a response to DEHP stress, resulting in rapid degradation of DEHP. At initial concentrations of 50–800 mg/L DEHP, its degradation curves were well fitted with the first-order kinetic model, and the half-life of DEHP degradation varied from 5.44 to 23.5 h. The degradation intermediates of DEHP were identified by both GC–MS and high performance liquid chromatography–time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC–TOF-MS). Significant up-regulation was observed for the relative expression levels of genes (i.e., phthalate hydrolase, PA 3,4-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-α and 3,4-β dioxygenase) involved in DEHP degradation determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A DEHP biodegradation pathway by strain XB was proposed based on the identified intermediates and the degrading genes. Bioaugmentation of DEHP-contaminated soils with strain XB could efficiently promote DEHP removal, offering great potential in bioremediation of DEHP-contaminated environment.
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•A novel Rhodococcus pyridinivorans XB capable of degrading DEHP was isolated.•Observation by atomic force microscope confirmed well growth of strain XB under DEHP stress.•DEHP metabolites with dioxygenase genes revealed its complete degradation pathway.•Bioaugmentation of this strain can enhance DEHP removal from contaminated soils.
Alpine Rhododendron species are prominent constituents and renowned ornamental plants in alpine ecosystems. Consequently, evaluating the genetic variation in embolism resistance within the genus ...Rhododendron and predicting their adaptability to future climate change is important. Nevertheless, the assessment of embolism resistance in Rhododendron species remains limited. This investigation aimed to examine leaf vulnerability to embolism across ten alpine Rhododendron species, which are frequently employed as ornamental species in Rhododendron forests in Southwest China. The study analyzed the correlation between embolism resistance and various morphological traits, while also conducting water control experiments to evaluate the relationship between embolism resistance and drought resistance. The outcomes indicated pronounced variations in leaf vulnerability to embolism among species, as reflected by the water potential at 50% of embolized pixels (P50). Furthermore, the leaf P50 exhibited a significant positive correlation with vessel diameter (D) (R2 = 0.44, P = 0.03) and vessel wall span (b) (R2 = 0.64, P = 0.005), while displaying a significant negative correlation with vessel reinforcement ((t/b)2) (R2 = 0.67, P = 0.004). These findings underscore the reliability of selecting species based on embolism vulnerability to preserve the diversity of alpine ecosystems and foster resilience to climate change.
Biochar can effectively alleviate the Al phytotoxicity in acidic soils due to its alkaline nature. However, the longevity of this alleviation effect of biochar under re-acidification conditions is ...still unclear. In the present study, the maize root growth responding to the simulated re-acidification of two acidic soils amended by peanut straw biochar or Ca(OH)2 was investigated to evaluate the long-term effect of biochar on alleviating Al toxicity in acidic soils. Compared with Ca(OH)2 amendment, the application of biochar significantly retarded Al toxicity to plant during soil re-acidification. When 4.0 mM HNO3 was added, the maize seedling root elongation in an Oxisol with biochar was 99% higher than that in the Oxisol with Ca(OH)2. Also, the Evans blue uptake and Al content in the root tip in the biochar treatment were 60% and 51% lower than those in the Ca(OH)2 treatment. The retarding effect was mainly attributed to the slow decrease in soil pH during acidification and the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soils amended by biochar. The slower decrease in soil pH resulting from the increased pH buffering capacity after biochar application inhibited the increase of soluble and exchangeable Al during re-acidification. The increased DOC after biochar application decreased the toxic soluble Al speciation at the same pH value and total Al concentration in soil solution. Therefore, given the re-acidification of soils, biochar presented a longer-term effect on alleviating Al toxicity of acidic soil than liming.
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•Biochar retarded the Al toxicity to plant during soil re-acidification.•Biochar decreased the concentration of soil active Al during soil re-acidification.•Biochar altered the distribution of Al speciation in soil solution.•Biochar presented a long lasting effect on alleviating Al toxicity in acidic soils.
Multifunctional materials with working temperatures near room temperature are crucial for practical applications. Until now, it is still a great challenge to obtain such materials. In this paper, a ...complex of (C5NH13Cl)2MnBr4 (1) with a structural phase transition near room temperature is reported. The phase transition induces switchable magnetic properties, dielectric anomalies and luminescent response over the same range of temperatures. It is the first time the synergetic effect of magnetism, dielectricity and luminescence near room temperature have been observed in the same molecular complex.
A new organic‐inorganic hybrid phase transition (OIHPT) material, (C5NH13Cl)2MnBr4 shows magnetic, dielectric and luminescence synergetic response at near room temperature.
The histone acetyltransferases (HATs) adenovirus E1A-associated protein (p300) and CREB binding protein (CBP) serve as coactivators during a diverse assortment of cellular processes. In the present ...study, p300 and CBP were highly expressed in 5 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines (SGC‑7901, MKN45, MGC-803, BGC-823 and KATO III) compared with human normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). C646, a selective inhibitor of p300 and CBP, inhibited cell viability and cell cycle and promoted cell apoptosis in all 5 GC cell lines. In addition, C646 suppressed the migration and invasion capability of the GC cell lines, except for the middle-differentiated SGC-7901 cell line. Furthermore, we detected the differential expression of corresponding oncogenic signalling molecules, such as c-Met, Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, MMP7 and MMP9, in GC cells following C646 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that C646 inhibits the acetylation of histone H3 via inactivation of p300 and CBP, resulting in antineoplastic effects toward GC cells. Thus, the selective HAT inhibitor C646 could be a promising antitumour reagent for GC treatment.
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important economic fish species farmed in China and other countries. It is susceptible to infection by Edwardsiella tarda, a severe fish pathogen with ...a broad host range. In this study, we employed high-throughput deep sequencing technology to identify, in a global scale, flounder kidney microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by E. tarda at different stages of infection. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) exhibiting significantly altered expression levels before and after E. tarda infection were examined. A total of 96 DEmiRNAs were identified, for which 2779 target genes were predicted. Eighty-seven miRNA–mRNA pairs, involving 29 DEmiRNAs and 86 DEmRNAs, showed negative correlations in their expression patterns. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the putative target genes of the DEmiRNAs were associated with diverse biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. One of the DEmiRNAs, pol-miR-182-5p, was demonstrated to regulate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (PoS1PR1) negatively in a manner that depended on the specific interaction between the seed sequence of pol-miR-182-5p and the 3'-UTR of PoS1PR1. Overexpression of pol-miR-182-5p in flounder cells promoted apoptosis and inhibited cellular viability. Knockdown of PoS1PR1 in flounder enhanced E. tarda invasion and dissemination in fish tissues. These results provide new insights into miRNA-mediated anti-bacterial immunity in flounder.
•Time-dependent profiles of flounder kidney miRNAs induced by E. tarda was obtained.•Ninety-six differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified.•One DEmiRNA, pol-miR-182-5p, promoted apoptosis and death of flounder cells.•Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (PoS1PR1) is a target of pol-miR-182-5p.•PoS1PR1 is required for inhibition of E. tarda dissemination in fish tissues.
Diarrhea is a major infectious cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. In clinical trials,
GG ATCC 53013 (LGG) has been used to treat diarrhea. However, recent randomized controlled ...trials (RCTs) found no evidence of a beneficial effect of LGG treatment.
To evaluate the efficacy of LGG in treating acute diarrhea in children.
The EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to April 2019 for meta-analyses and RCTs. The Cochrane Review Manager was used to analyze the relevant data.
Nineteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria and showed that compared with the control group, LGG administration notably reduced the diarrhea duration mean difference (MD) -24.02 h, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-36.58, -11.45). More effective results were detected at a high dose ≥ 10
CFU per day MD -22.56 h, 95%CI (-36.41, -8.72)
a lower dose. A similar reduction was found in Asian and European patients MD -24.42 h, 95%CI (-47.01, -1.82); MD -32.02 h, 95%CI (-49.26, -14.79), respectively. A reduced duration of diarrhea was confirmed in LGG participants with diarrhea for less than 3 d at enrollment MD -15.83 h, 95%CI (-20.68, -10.98). High-dose LGG effectively reduced the duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea MD -31.05 h, 95%CI (-50.31, -11.80) and the stool number per day MD -1.08, 95%CI (-1.87, -0.28).
High-dose LGG therapy reduces the duration of diarrhea and the stool number per day. Intervention at the early stage is recommended. Future trials are expected to verify the effectiveness of LGG treatment.
Mal de Meleda with homozygous mutation p.G86R in SLURP‐1 Jia, Wei‐Xue; Zhang, Yuan‐Yuan; Wu, Ying‐Da ...
International journal of dermatology,
June 2020, 2020-Jun, 2020-06-00, 20200601, Letnik:
59, Številka:
6
Journal Article
PDF
