Solid catalysts usually consist of multicomponents, within which interfacial interactions have been recognized as a key factor affecting structures and catalytic performance. Metal–support ...interactions (MSI) have been extensively studied in oxide-supported metal catalysts (metal/oxide catalysts), in which the important concepts of strong metal–support interactions (SMSI) and electronic metal–support interactions (EMSI) have been well established and their effects on the metal catalysis have been extensively demonstrated. Recently, metal-supported oxide inverse catalysts (oxide/metal inverse catalysts) have emerged as a new type of efficient catalysts, in which the oxide–metal interactions (OMI) strongly influence the oxide catalysis. Herein we comprehensively review the progresses on the MSI of metal/oxide catalysts and OMI of oxide/metal inverse catalysts with aims to emphasize structure sensitivity of MSI and OMI and to introduce the concepts of electronic oxide–metal interactions (EOMI) and electronic oxide–metal strong interactions (EOMSI) in oxide/metal inverse catalysts, in analogy to the concepts of EMSI and SMSI in metal/oxide catalysts. First, we briefly introduce the background of the topic and the interfacial interactions between metals and oxides with emphasis on the nature of metal–support interfacial interactions depending on the electronic structures. Second, the MSI, with an emphasis on the EMSI and SMSI, in metal/oxide catalysts is reviewed with an emphasis on the recently exported size and facet effects on the electronic structures and MSI. Third, the OMI in oxide/metal inverse catalysts is reviewed with an emphasis on introducing the EOMI and EOMSI. Finally, a summary and outlook is given with emphasis on the local nature and structure sensitivity of MSI and OMI.
The effect of thermal pretreatment (55–160 °C) on the degradation characteristics of kitchen waste during anaerobic fermentation at medium temperature was investigated. The breakdown of both organics ...and inorganics and the enhancement of biogas production in batch tests caused by thermal pretreatment during subsequent anaerobic fermentation were examined. Considering the effect of the acidification products and ammonia nitrogen in the acidification phase on subsequent biogas production, the influencing factors and related characteristics of various fermentation types were investigated. The results indicate that thermal pretreatment cannot only promote the anaerobic degradability of KW and the biogas production from KW but can also reduce the retention time necessary for anaerobic acidification by five days. At 50–70 °C and 140–160 °C, the biogas production and organic removal rates of the subsequent anaerobic digestion process decreased slightly, whereas at 90 and 120 °C, superior results were achieved during digestion.
•Thermal pretreatment could enhance the two-phase anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste.•Higher temperatures and longer heating durations are beneficial for anaerobic digestion.•With thermal pretreatment at 90 and 120 °C, superior results were achieved during digestion.•Modification mechanisms during anaerobic digestion caused by thermal hydrolysis are discussed.
Glacial–interglacial changes in the distribution of C₃/C₄ vegetation on the Chinese Loess Plateau have been related to East Asian summer monsoon intensity and position, and could provide insights ...into future changes caused by global warming. Here, we present δ13C records of bulk organic matter since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from 21 loess sections across the Loess Plateau. The δ13C values (range: −25‰ to −16‰) increased gradually both from the LGM to the mid-Holocene in each section and from northwest to southeast in each time interval. During the LGM, C₄ biomass increased from <5% in the northwest to 10–20% in the southeast, while during the mid-Holocene C₄ vegetation increased throughout the Plateau, with estimated biomass increasing from 10% to 20% in the northwest to >40% in the southeast. The spatial pattern of C₄ biomass in both the LGM and the mid-Holocene closely resembles that of modern warm-season precipitation, and thus can serve as a robust analog for the contemporary East Asian summer monsoon rain belt. Using the 10–20% isolines for C₄ biomass in the cold LGM as a reference, we derived a minimum 300-km northwestward migration of the monsoon rain belt for the warm Holocene. Our results strongly support the prediction that Earth’s thermal equator will move northward in a warmer world. The southward displacement of the monsoon rain belt and the drying trend observed during the last few decades in northern China will soon reverse as global warming continues.
The hydrogen evolution in Zn metal battery is accurately quantified by in situ battery–gas chromatography–mass analysis. The hydrogen fluxes reach 3.76 mmol h−1 cm−2 in a Zn//Zn symmetric cell in ...each segment, and 7.70 mmol h−1 cm−2 in a Zn//MnO2 full cell. Then, a highly electronically insulating (0.11 mS cm−1) but highly Zn2+ ion conductive (80.2 mS cm−1) ZnF2 solid ion conductor with high Zn2+ transfer number (0.65) is constructed to isolate Zn metal from liquid electrolyte, which not only prohibits over 99.2% parasitic hydrogen evolution but also guides uniform Zn electrodeposition. Precisely quantitated, the Zn@ZnF2//Zn@ZnF2 cell only produces 0.02 mmol h−1 cm−2 of hydrogen (0.53% of the Zn//Zn cell). Encouragingly, a high‐areal‐capacity Zn@ZnF2//MnO2 (≈3.2 mAh cm−2) full cell only produces maximum hydrogen flux of 0.06 mmol h−1 cm−2 (0.78% of the Zn//Zn cell) at the fully charging state. Meanwhile, Zn@ZnF2//Zn@ZnF2 symmetric cell exhibits excellent stability under ultrahigh current density and areal capacity (10 mA cm−2, 10 mAh cm−2) over 590 h (285 cycles), which far outperforms all reported Zn metal anodes in aqueous systems. In light of the superior Zn@ZnF2 anode, the high‐areal‐capacity aqueous Zn@ZnF2//MnO2 batteries (≈3.2 mAh cm−2) shows remarkable cycling stability over 1000 cycles with 93.63% capacity retained at ≈100% Coulombic efficiency.
The hydrogen evolution in a Zn metal battery is accurately quantified by in situ battery–gas chromatography–mass analysis. Meanwhile, a highly electronically insulating but highly Zn2+ ion conductive ZnF2 solid ion conductor is utilized to isolate Zn metal from liquid electrolyte, which not only prohibits over 99.2% parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction during cycling but also guides uniform Zn electrodeposition.
With the surge in genomic data driven by advancements in sequencing technologies, the demand for efficient bioinformatics tools for sequence analysis has become paramount. BLAST-like alignment tool ...(BLAT), a sequence alignment tool, faces limitations in performance efficiency and integration with modern programming environments, particularly Python. This study introduces PxBLAT, a Python-based framework designed to enhance the capabilities of BLAT, focusing on usability, computational efficiency, and seamless integration within the Python ecosystem. PxBLAT demonstrates significant improvements over BLAT in execution speed and data handling, as evidenced by comprehensive benchmarks conducted across various sample groups ranging from 50 to 600 samples. These experiments highlight a notable speedup, reducing execution time compared to BLAT. The framework also introduces user-friendly features such as improved server management, data conversion utilities, and shell completion, enhancing the overall user experience. Additionally, the provision of extensive documentation and comprehensive testing supports community engagement and facilitates the adoption of PxBLAT. PxBLAT stands out as a robust alternative to BLAT, offering performance and user interaction enhancements. Its development underscores the potential for modern programming languages to improve bioinformatics tools, aligning with the needs of contemporary genomic research. By providing a more efficient, user-friendly tool, PxBLAT has the potential to impact genomic data analysis workflows, supporting faster and more accurate sequence analysis in a Python environment.
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•Algal-bacterial tandem and Bacterial-algal tandem systems were constructed.•Degradation pathways for different systems were proposed.•Microbial community was different in different ...systems.•Anthraquinone dyes were initially degraded by Chlorella.•Initial degradation products were more easily and completely degraded by bacteria.
This study analyzed the role of algae and bacteria in algal-bacterial symbiotic systems for the treatment of dyeing wastewater. The mechanism was investigated by constructing an algae-bacteria tandem system (A system) and a bacteria-algae tandem system (B system). The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and decolorization rates of A system reached 91% and 90%, respectively, under optimal conditions, which were higher than that of B system. The degradation pathways of A and B systems differed according the degradation product analysis. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in A and B systems. Armatimonadetes increased considerably in A system. These results show that algae mainly contributed to the preliminary degradation of anthraquinone dye, and resulting products were easily degraded by bacteria. This study provides guidance on the optimization of the system. It can be better adapted to the actual needs of wastewater treatment plants.
Post-stroke depression is a common complication of stroke, with a high incidence rate and low recognition rate. Many patients do not receive effective intervention at the onset, which affects ...subsequent treatment outcomes. Post-stroke depression not only impacts the patient's mental well-being but also increases the risk of stroke recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore, it has become a significant public health concern. Acupuncture has gained significant popularity in the treatment of post-stroke depression. However, there are inconsistent clinical research results regarding its efficacy and safety. This systematic review aims to gather and critically assess all available evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression in patients.
We will conduct thorough searches for relevant studies in multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wan-fang Data and China Biomedical Database). Our search scope will encompass studies published from the inception of each database until September 2023. To evaluate the potential bias in all the included studies, we will adhere to the guidelines offered in the Cochrane Handbook. The total effective rate will be the primary outcome. To conduct a systematic review, we will employ RevMan 5.4 software.
This study will obtain efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of post-stroke depression.
The conclusions of this study will provide evidence-based perspectives that can guide clinical decision-making regarding the practicality and recommended timing of using acupuncture to treat post-stroke depression. Furthermore, this study will help advance the clinical application of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke depression and enhance its efficacy while ensuring patient safety.
Abstract
Precise fundamental atmospheric stellar parameters and abundance determination of individual elements in stars are important for all stellar population studies. Non–local thermodynamic ...equilibrium (non-LTE; hereafter NLTE) models are often important for such high precision, however, can be computationally complex and expensive, which renders the models less utilized in spectroscopic analyses. To alleviate the computational burden of such models, we developed a robust 1D, NLTE fundamental atmospheric stellar parameter derivation tool,
LOTUS
, to determine the effective temperature
T
eff
, surface gravity
log
g
, metallicity Fe/H, and microturbulent velocity
v
mic
for FGK-type stars, from equivalent width (EW) measurements of Fe
i
and Fe
ii
lines. We utilize a generalized curve of growth method to take into account the EW dependencies of each Fe
i
and Fe
ii
line on the corresponding atmospheric stellar parameters. A global differential evolution optimization algorithm is then used to derive the fundamental parameters. Additionally,
LOTUS
can determine precise uncertainties for each stellar parameter using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We test and apply
LOTUS
on a sample of benchmark stars, as well as stars with available asteroseismic surface gravities from the K2 survey, and metal-poor stars from the Gaia-ESO and
R
-Process Alliance surveys. We find very good agreement between our NLTE-derived parameters in
LOTUS
to nonspectroscopic values on average within
T
eff
= ±30 K, and
log
g
= ±0.10 dex for benchmark stars. We provide open access of our code, as well as of the interpolated precomputed NLTE EW grids available on Github
(the software is available on GitHub
3
3
https://github.com/Li-Yangyang/LOTUS
under an MIT License, and version 0.1.1 (as the persistent version) is archived in Zenodo) and documentation with working examples on the
Readthedocs
book.
Rock bursts are an extreme behaviour in coal mine strata that can cause fatalities and severe economic losses. Pressure relief drilling is a widely used method in coal mines to release high stress ...concentrations and effectively reduce the rock mass volumetric elastic potential energy; thus, this method can effectively reduce the occurrence of rock bursts in underground coal mines. Based on actual geologic conditions in the area of a rock burst that occurred in the Yangcheng Mine, a series of experimental studies on mechanical properties are conducted using gypsum-type coal-like materials with different numbers and configurations of pressure relief boreholes. The change in parameters, such as the strength and energy dissipation index of bored coal-like materials under a uniaxial compression, is studied, and the fracture propagation characteristics in the rock surrounding the boreholes in the experiments are analysed. FRACOD, which is a numerical code that predicts the explicit fracturing process in rocks using fracture mechanical principles, is then used to simulate the laboratory tests, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental results. The code is also used to study the relief effect of three boreholes with different geometrical configurations; thus, local fracture initiation and propagation around the boreholes are investigated. Combined with the characteristics of the stress change in the rock surrounding the boreholes, the optimal configurations of the pressure relief boreholes for the Yangcheng coal mine are determined. The results have shown that the larger the drilling density is, the more the rock fracture development around the boreholes, the greater the energy release and, hence, the more effective the relief effect. Finally, this study presents a new methodology for choosing the optimal layout parameters for pressure relief drilling, which could aid future research in related fields.
Ti2O3 nanoparticles with high performance of photothermal conversion are demonstrated for the first time. Benefiting from the nanosize and narrow‐bandgap features, the Ti2O3 nanoparticles possess ...strong light absorption and nearly 100% internal solar–thermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, Ti2O3‐nanoparticle‐based thin film shows potential use in seawater desalination and purification.
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