With the development of digitalization and Internet technology, algorithm-driven international Chinese online language and culture dissemination mechanisms are becoming increasingly important and a ...key area of cultural exchange in globalization. This study explores the international Chinese online language and culture communication mechanism under algorithm-driven. By analyzing social network data and adopting quantitative methods such as the SEIR model, the study reveals the effects of network structure, user behavior and cultural content characteristics on communication. The study results show that in the algorithm-optimized network environment, the propagation speed of information is increased by about 50%, and the propagation efficiency of its central node is increased by nearly 70%. Simulations using the SEIR model show that the dissemination coverage of Chinese culture can be increased by more than 40% in a short period with the intervention of the algorithm. In addition, the survey data shows that about 60% of the respondents consider social media the main channel to learn about Chinese culture. The study also found that content with a high degree of interactivity is more likely to be disseminated, with an average interaction rate 30% higher than that of moderate content. Algorithm-driven Chinese cultural communication has higher speed and breadth, but it also needs to pay attention to the depth and diversity of cultural content.
Developing unique single atoms as active sites is vitally important to boosting the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, but directly atomizing metal particles and simultaneously adjusting the ...configuration of individual atoms remain challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a facile strategy at a relatively low temperature (500 °C) to access the in situ metal atomization and coordination adjustment via the thermo-driven gaseous acid. Using this strategy, the pyrolytic gaseous acid (HCl) from NH4Cl could downsize the large metal particles into corresponding ions, which subsequently anchored onto the surface defects of a nitrogen-rich carbon (NC) matrix. Additionally, the low-temperature treatment-induced CO motifs within the interlayer of NC could bond with the discrete Fe sites in a perpendicular direction and finally create stabilized Fe–N4O species with high valence status (Fe3+) on the shallow surface of the NC matrix. It was found that the Fe–N4O species can achieve a highly efficient CO2 conversion when accepting energetic electrons from both homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts. The optimized sample achieves a maximum turnover number (TON) of 1494 within 1 h in CO generation with a high selectivity of 86.7% as well as excellent stability. Experimental and theoretical results unravel that high valence Fe sites in Fe–N4O species can promote the adsorption of CO2 and lower the formation barrier of key intermediate COOH* compared with the traditional Fe–N4 moiety with lower chemical valence. Our discovery provides new points of view in the construction of more efficient single-atom cocatalysts by considering the optimization of the atomic configuration for high-performance CO2 photoreduction.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The mechanisms underlying ASD are unclear. In recent years, the role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD ...has received increasing attention. Microglia prune the synapses or respond to injury by sequestrating the injury site and expressing inflammatory cytokines. Astrocytes maintain homeostasis in the brain microenvironment through the uptake of ions and neurotransmitters. However, the molecular link between ASD and microglia and, or astrocytes remains unknown. Previous research has shown the significant role of microglia and astrocytes in ASD, with reports of increased numbers of reactive microglia and astrocytes in postmortem tissues and animal models of ASD. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of the roles of microglia and astrocytes in ASD is essential for developing effective therapies. This review aimed to summarize the functions of microglia and astrocytes and their contributions to ASD.
•Pure IL A336NO3 plus RNH3NO3 was used to extract and separate V from Cr.•It shows a notable synergistic effect for V with improved separation factor βV/Cr.•IL is not only extractant but also good ...solvent for the ion-type extracted species.•Anion exchange mechanism between NO3− and V4O124− (or V3O93−) was confirmed.•IL phase can be recycled through stripping the loaded vanadium by 0.5M NaNO3.
Ionic liquid (IL)-based extraction is a promising and environmentally benign separation technology. To develop sustainable extraction technologies, quaternary ammonium-based IL extraction strategy is attractable. In this work, the separation of vanadium(V) from chromium(VI) by pure tricaprylmethylammonium nitrate (A336NO3) and organic acidified primary amine N1923 (RNH3NO3) was systematically investigated. The optimal proportion of A336NO3 and RNH3NO3 was studied and results showed that the mixed A336NO3 and RNH3NO3 exhibited an obvious synergistic-effect for V(V). The extraction of V(V) was strongly dependent on the acidity of the aqueous phase and reaches maximum at pH 2.5–3, while the maximum separation coefficient (βV/Cr) was located at about pH 9.0. Moreover, βV/Cr could be improved through adjusting the molar concentration ratio of V/Cr. The interference of coexisting anions (nitrates, chlorides, sulfate and phosphate) on the extraction of V(V) was examined and the results showed that PO43−, NO3− and Cl− had negative effects at various degrees except for SO42−. The V(V) extraction behaviors could be properly described by Langmuir and pseudo-second-order rate equations. The maximum extraction capacity for V(V) was estimated as 1.877mmol/g at 303K. Increased temperature had little effect on the extraction capacity, but greatly improved the extraction rate. The typical anion exchange mechanism between NO3− and V4O124− (or V3O93−) was proposed for the current extraction system. The IL phase could be renewed through stripping the loaded vanadium by a 0.5M NaNO3 solution. This work demonstrated that quaternary ammonium IL containing a commercial organic extractant is an efficient and sustainable IL-based extraction strategy for the separation of vanadium from chromium, and as a result, the development of an IL-based extraction process is straightforwardly envisaged.
Nanotechnology advances in cancer therapy applications have led to the development of nanomaterials that generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) specifically in tumor cells. ROS act as a ...double-edged sword, as they can promote tumorigenesis and proliferation but also trigger cell death by enhancing intracellular oxidative stress. Various nanomaterials function by increasing ROS production in tumor cells and thereby disturbing their redox balance, leading to lipid peroxidation, and oxidative damage of DNA and proteins. In this review, we outline these mechanisms, summarize recent progress in ROS-based nanomaterials, including metal-based nanoparticles, organic nanomaterials, and chemotherapy drug-loaded nanoplatforms, and highlight their biomedical applications in cancer therapy as drug delivery systems (DDSs) or in combination with chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), or sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of current ROS-mediated nanomaterials used in cancer therapy and speculate on the future progress of this nanotechnology for oncological applications.
Accurate and automatic identification of tree species information at the individual tree scale is of great significance for fine-scale investigation and management of forest resources and scientific ...assessment of forest ecosystems. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been conducted on the delineation of individual tree crown and species classification using drone high-resolution red, green and blue (RGB) images, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, performing the above tasks simultaneously has rarely been explored, especially in complex forest environments. In this study, we improve upon the state of the Mask region-based convolution neural network (Mask R-CNN) with our proposed attention complementary network (ACNet) and edge detection R-CNN (ACE R-CNN) for individual tree species identification in high-density and complex forest environments. First, we propose ACNet as the feature extraction backbone network to fuse the weighted features extracted from RGB images and canopy height model (CHM) data through an attention complementary module, which is able to selectively fuse weighted features extracted from RGB and CHM data at different scales, and enables the network to focus on more effective information. Second, edge loss is added to the loss function to improve the edge accuracy of the segmentation, which is calculated through the edge detection filter introduced in the Mask branch of Mask R-CNN. We demonstrate the performance of ACE R-CNN for individual tree species identification in three experimental areas of different tree species in southern China with precision (P), recall (R), F1-score, and average precision (AP) above 0.9. Our proposed ACNet–the backbone network for feature extraction–has better performance in individual tree species identification compared with the ResNet50-FPN (feature pyramid network). The addition of the edge loss obtained by the Sobel filter further improves the identification accuracy of individual tree species and accelerates the convergence speed of the model training. This work demonstrates the improved performance of ACE R-CNN for individual tree species identification and provides a new solution for tree-level species identification in complex forest environments, which can support carbon stock estimation and biodiversity assessment.
The need for high-energy batteries has driven the development of binder-free electrode architectures. However, the weak bonding between the electrode particles and the current collector cannot ...withstand the severe volume change of active materials upon battery cycling, which largely limit the large-scale application of such electrodes. Using tin nanoarrays electrochemically deposited on copper substrate as an example, here we demonstrate a strategy of strengthening the connection between electrode and current collector by thermally alloying tin and copper at their interface. The locally formed tin-copper alloys are electron-conductive and meanwhile electrochemically inactive, working as an ideal "glue" robustly bridging tin and copper to survive harsh cycling conditions in sodium ion batteries. The working mechanism of the alloy "glue" is further characterized through a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic structural analysis and in situ X-ray diffraction, presenting itself as a promising strategy for engineering binder-free electrode with endurable performance.
An ESIPT based fluorescent sensor 1 was developed, which could selectively detect and differentiate trivalent metal ions Cr(3+), Al(3+) and Fe(3+) in aqueous medium. The cell imaging experiments ...confirmed that 1 can be used for monitoring intracellular Cr(3+) and Al(3+) levels in living cells.
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