The interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber (CF) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is poor due to their inert nature, limiting the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites. This study improved the ...interactions between CF and PEEK by sizing hydroxylated PEEK grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HPEEK-g-MWCNT) synthesized via an esterification reaction. Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments were conducted to evaluate the microstructure and characterize the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites. A slightly decreased crystallinity of PEEK within modified composites resulted from the reduced nucleation effect of CF and inhibited PEEK mobility by HPEEK-g-MWCNT sizing. Hydrogen bonding and mechanical interlocking enhanced interface adhesion, and covalent bonds of HPEEK-g-MWCNT increased load transfer. These factors led to the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of HPEEK-g-MWCNT modified composites increased by 94.2% (669.7 MPa) and 55.2% (79.1 MPa) compared with control ones. The modification method of using chemically treated and grafted polymers like HPEEK-g-MWCNT would have great potential applications in thermoplastic composites.
Cardiac fibrosis, a well-known major pathological process that ultimately leads to heart failure, has attracted increasing attention and focus in recent years. A large amount of research indicates ...that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cardiac fibrosis, but little is known about the specific function and mechanism of the lncRNA NEAT1 in the progression of cardiac fibrosis to heart failure. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the lncRNA NEAT1 is upregulated in patients with heart failure. Similarly, the expression of Neat1 was also increased in the left ventricular tissue of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery mice and cardiac fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1. Further, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that silencing of Neat1 attenuated cardiac fibrosis, while overexpression of Neat1 with adenovirus significantly aggravated the in vitro progression of fibrosis. With regard to the underlying mechanism, our experiments showed that Neat1 recruited EZH2 to the promoter region of Smad7 through physical binding of EZH2 to the promoter region, as a result of which Smad7 expression was inhibited and the progression of cardiac fibrosis was ultimately exacerbated. We found that the introduction of shNeat1 carried by adeno-associated virus-9 significantly ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction caused by TAC surgery in mice. Overall, our study findings demonstrate that the lncRNA Neat1 accelerates the progression of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction by recruiting EZH2 to suppress Smad7 expression. Thus, NEAT1 may serve as a target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
Hydration plays a crucial role in cement composites, but the traditional methods for measuring hydration heat face several limitations. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based approach to ...predict hydration heat at specific time points for three types of cement composites: ordinary Portland cement pastes, fly ash cement pastes, and fly ash-metakaolin cement composites. By adjusting the model architecture and analyzing the datasets, we demonstrate that the optimized artificial neural network model not only performs well during the learning process but also accurately predicts hydration heat for various cement composites from an extra dataset. This approach offers a more efficient way to measure hydration heat for cement composites, reducing the need for labor- and time-intensive sample preparation and testing. Furthermore, it opens up possibilities for applying similar machine learning approaches to predict other properties of cement composites, contributing to efficient cement research and production.
Heart failure is a serious and life-threatening disease worldwide. Cadherin-11 (Cad-11) is highly expressed in the heart and closely associated with inflammation. There is currently limited ...understanding on how Cad-11 contributes to cardiac remodeling and its underline molecular mechanism. We found an increased expression of Cad-11 in biopsy heart samples from heart failure patients, suggesting a link between Cad-11 and heart failure. To determine the role of Cad-11 in cardiac remodeling, Cad-11-deficient mice were used in a well-established mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model. Loss of Cad11 greatly improved pressure overload-induced LV structural and electrical remodeling. IL (interleukin)-6 production was increased following TAC in WT mice and this increase was inhibited in cadherin-11
mice. We further tested the effect of IL-6 on myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in a primary culture system. The addition of hCad-11-Fc to cultured cardiac fibroblasts increased IL-6 production and fibroblast cell activation, whereas neutralizing IL-6 with an IL-6 antibody resulted in alleviating the fibroblast activation induced by hCad-11-Fc. On the other hand, cardiomyocytes were promoted to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy when cultured in condition media collected from cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by hCad-11-Fc.Similarly, neutralizing IL-6 prevented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Finally, we found that MAPKs and CaMKII-STAT3 pathways were activated in both hCad-11-Fc stimulated fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes treated with hCad-11-Fc stimulated fibroblast condition medium. IL-6 neutralization inhibited such MAPK and CaMKII-STAT3 signaling activation. These data demonstrate that Cad-11 functions in pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling through inducing IL-6 secretion from cardiac fibroblasts to modulate the pathophysiology of neighboring cardiomyocytes.
The reaction of 1,3,5-(
i
Pr
2
PO)
3
C
6
H
3
with Co
2
(CO)
8
leads to the isolation of a POCOP-type mononuclear pincer complex {κ
P
,κ
C
,κ
P
-2,4,6-(
i
Pr
2
PO)
3
C
6
H
2
}Co(CO)
2
(
1
) or a ...tetranuclear species {κ
P
-{κ
P
,κ
C
,κ
P
-2,4,6-(
i
Pr
2
PO)
3
C
6
H
2
}Co(CO)
2
}
2
Co
2
(CO)
6
(
2
), depending on the ligand to cobalt ratio employed. The latter compound can be an impurity during the synthesis of {2,6-(
i
Pr
2
PO)
2
-4-Me
2
N-C
6
H
2
}Co(CO)
2
, when the ligand precursor 5-(dimethylamino)resorcinol is contaminated with phloroglucinol due to incomplete monoamination. Similarly, the reaction of 1,3,5-(
i
Pr
2
PO)
3
C
6
H
3
with NiCl
2
in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine provides {κ
P
,κ
C
,κ
P
-2,4,6-(
i
Pr
2
PO)
3
C
6
H
2
}NiCl (
3
) bearing an appended phosphinite group. Structures
1–3
have been studied by X-ray crystallography.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the digestive system. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is one of the key enzymes associated with serine metabolism. ...However, the prognostic role of SHMT2 in GC carcinogenesis has yet to be studied.
The expression of SHMT2 in human tumors and normal tissues was detected by the Assistant for Clinical Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship of the expression of SHMT2 with clinical characteristics and survival data was analysed by the chi-square test, survival analysis and online databases. Finally, the correlation between SHMT2 expression and associated signalling channels, and molecules was analysed by online databases.
SHMT2 was strongly expressed in numerous human cancers. The expression rate of SHMT2 was 56.44% in GC (
= 0.018). The survival analysis indicated that patients with high expression of SHMT2 had the worse overall survival (OS; log-rank
= 0.007). The expression of SHMT2 was correlated with tumour size (
= 0.034) and, TNM stage (
= 0.042). In particular, SHMT2, vessel invasion and M stage were independent factors for OS in GC (
= 0.044,
< 0.001,
< 0.001). The SHMT2 gene was substantially correlated with cell signalling pathways.
SHMT2 is highly expressed in GC and is associated with a poor prognosis. The exploration of its mechanism may be related to tumour proliferation, DNA repair and replication. SHMT2 is an independent prognostic risk factor and a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of oxygen derived radicals and derivatives, can induce cancer cell death via elevated oxidative stress. A spatiotemporal approach with safe and deep‐tissue ...penetration capabilities to elevate the intracellular ROS level is highly desirable for precise cancer treatment. Here, a mechanical‐thermal induction therapy (MTIT) strategy is developed for a programmable increase of ROS levels in cancer cells via assembly of magnetic nanocubes integrated with alternating magnetic fields. The magneto‐based mechanical and thermal stimuli can disrupt the lysosomes, which sequentially induce the dysfunction of mitochondria. Importantly, intracellular ROS concentrations are responsive to the magneto‐triggers and play a key role for synergistic cancer treatment. In vivo experiments reveal the effectiveness of MTIT for efficient eradication of glioma and breast cancer. By remote control of the force and heat using magnetic nanocubes, MTIT is a promising physical approach to trigger the biochemical responses for precise cancer treatment.
A magnetomechanical thermal induction therapy (MTIT) strategy is developed based on a single platform of assembly of magnetic nanocubes coupled with alternating magnetic fields. There is a synergistic effect between mechanical responses and thermal properties, which is highly efficient both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms of the synergistic effect are investigated, which can be attributed to the manipulation of biochemical reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal level. This MTIT strategy holds potential for precise treatment of deep‐seated tumors in a spatiotemporal controllability.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy has shown great success in treating advanced-stage lung cancer but has yet been used to treat early-stage lung ...cancer, mostly due to lack of understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment in early-stage lung cancer. The immune system could both constrain and promote tumorigenesis in a process termed immune editing that can be divided into three phases, namely, elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Current understanding of the immune response toward tumor is mainly on the "escape" phase when the tumor is clinically detectable. The detailed mechanism by which tumor progenitor lesions was modulated by the immune system during early stage of lung cancer development remains elusive. The advent of single-cell sequencing technology enables tumor immunologists to address those fundamental questions. In this perspective, we will summarize our current understanding and big gaps about the immune response during early lung tumorigenesis. We will then present the state of the art of single-cell technology and then envision how single-cell technology could be used to address those questions. Advances in the understanding of the immune response and its dynamics during malignant transformation of pre-malignant lesion will shed light on how malignant cells interact with the immune system and evolve under immune selection. Such knowledge could then contribute to the development of precision and early intervention strategies toward lung malignancy.
IoT data cleaning techniques: A survey Ding, Xiaoou; Wang, Hongzhi; Li, Genglong ...
Intelligent and converged networks,
12/2022, Letnik:
3, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Data cleaning is considered as an effective approach of improving data quality in order to help practitioners and researchers be devoted to downstream analysis and decision-making without worrying ...about data trustworthiness. This paper provides a systematic summary of the two main stages of data cleaning for Internet of Things (IoT) data with time series characteristics, including error data detection and data repairing. In respect to error data detection techniques, it categorizes an overview of quantitative data error detection methods for detecting single-point errors, continuous errors, and multidimensional time series data errors and qualitative data error detection methods for detecting rule-violating errors. Besides, it provides a detailed description of error data repairing techniques, involving statistics-based repairing, rule-based repairing, and human-involved repairing. We review the strengths and the limitations of the current data cleaning techniques under IoT data applications and conclude with an outlook on the future of IoT data cleaning.
Esophageal stricture commonly occurs in patients that have suffered from endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and it makes swallowing difficult for patients, significantly reducing their life ...qualities. So far, the prevention strategies applied in clinical practice for post-ESD esophageal stricture usually bring various inevitable complications, which drastically counteract their effectiveness. Nowadays, with the widespread investigation and application of biomedical materials, lots of novel approaches have been devised in terms of the prevention of esophageal stricture. Biomedical polymers and biomedical-derived materials are the most used biomedical materials to prevent esophageal stricture after ESD. Both of biomedical polymers and biomedical-derived materials possess great physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, some biomedical polymers can be used as scaffolds to promote cell growth, and biomedical-derived materials have biological functions similar to natural organisms, so they are important in tissue engineering. In this review, we have summarized the current approaches for preventing esophageal stricture and put emphasis on the discussion of the roles biomedical polymers and biomedical-derived materials acted in esophageal stricture prevention. Meanwhile, we proposed several potential methods that may be highly rational and feasible in esophageal stricture prevention based on other researches associated with biomedical materials. This review is expected to offer a significant inspiration from biomedical materials to explore more effective, safer, and more economical strategies to manage post-ESD esophageal stricture.
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