The ginsenoside Rbs are the primary active compounds of Panax ginseng and ginsenoside Rb2 is a renowned component among the Rbs. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of ginsenoside ...Rb2 on coronary heart disease (CHD). H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 to establish CHD model in vitro. Gene expression was determined by quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Cellular functions were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. We found that Ginsenoside Rb2 promoted cell proliferation while suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by H2O2 exposure. Mechanistically, Ginsenodise Rb2 involves in the regulation of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 signaling pathway. Inactivation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway reversed the effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on H9c2 cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rb2 exhibited a cardioprotective effect in vitro. The underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rb2 in H9c2 cells could be standardized to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibiting cell apoptosis and regaining cell proliferation. The present study has proposed a novel mechanism of ginsenoside Rb2 in the cardioprotective effect.
Polymer‐based solid electrolytes (PSEs) have attracted tremendous interests for the next‐generation lithium batteries in terms of high safety and energy density along with good flexibility. ...Remarkable performances have been demonstrated in PSEs, which endowed PSEs with the potential to replace liquid electrolytes to meet the market demands. In this review, polymer matrices, different polymer architectures, and functional filler materials used in PSEs are discussed to explore the design concepts, methodologies, working mechanisms, and pros and cons of various PSEs. In addition, their recent notable applications in all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, suppression of lithium dendrites, and flexible lithium batteries are also introduced. Finally, the challenges and future prospects are sketched to provide strategies to explore novel PSEs for high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
Polymer‐based solid electrolytes (PSEs) have the potential to replace liquid electrolytes to realize all‐solid‐state lithium batteries with high safety. This review summarizes some recent prominent advancements in PSEs with regards to polymer matrix selection, architectural engineering of polymers, and properties of different fillers. Application of PSEs in lithium batteries, suppression of lithium dendrites, and flexible batteries are also highlighted.
A copolymer comprising 1,4‐diketopyrrolo3,4‐cpyrrole (DPP) and thieno3,2‐bthiophene moieties, PDBT‐co‐TT, shows high hole mobility of up to 0.94 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic thin‐film transistors. The ...strong intermolecular interactions originated from π‐π stacking and donor‐acceptor interaction lead to the formation of interconnected polymer networks having an ordered lamellar structure, which have established highly efficient pathways for charge carrier transport.
A new , solution‐processable, low‐bandgap, diketopyrrolopyrrole‐benzothiadiazole‐based, donor‐acceptor polymer semiconductor (PDPP‐TBT) is reported. This polymer exhibits ambipolar charge transport ...when used as a single component active semiconductor in OTFTs with balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.35 cm2 V−1s−1 and 0.40 cm2 V−1s−1, respectively. This polymer has the potential for ambipolar transistor‐based complementary circuits in printed electronics.
A donor−acceptor polymer semiconductor, PDQT, comprising diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and β-unsubstituted quaterthiophene (QT) for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is reported. This polymer forms ...ordered layer-by-layer lamellar packing with an edge-on orientation in thin films even without thermal annealing. The strong intermolecular interactions arising from the fused aromatic DPP moiety and the DPP−QT donor−acceptor interaction facilitate the spontaneous self-assembly of the polymer chains into close proximity and form a large π−π overlap, which are favorable for intermolecular charge hopping. The well-interconnected crystalline grains form efficient intergranular charge transport pathways. The desirable chemical, electronic, and morphological structures of PDQT bring about high hole mobility of up to 0.97 cm2/(V·s) in OTFTs with polymer thin films annealed at a mild temperature of 100 °C and similarly high mobility of 0.89 cm2/(V·s) for polymer thin films even without thermal annealing.
In the past few years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has improved rapidly with the milestone value exceeding 18%, primarily owing to the development of novel ...non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) as well as matching polymer donors. The molecular structure of a polymer donor fundamentally determines its molecular packing (crystal structure and morphology) and optoelectronic properties, which influence the photovoltaic processes and the ultimate PCE of the OSC device. The structure-property-cell performance relationships of polymer donors with respect to the specific acceptor are very complex, involving numerous parameters, but are extremely important towards the development of high-performance polymer donors to achieve high PCE. This review provides a timely analysis of the top-performing wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors that have been developed to match the three most representative narrow bandgap NFAs, ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6, in terms of their structural design, fine-tuning of their optoelectronic properties, and control of the morphology and crystallinity of their blends with NFAs. We hope that this article provides deeper insight into the structure-property-cell performance relationships of polymer donors and a collection of useful guidelines and strategies for the design and processing of novel polymer donors for matching with NFAs for achieving ultrahigh performance OSCs.
Structural design and processing of wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors for non-fullerene acceptors ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6 to achieve ultrahigh efficiency are discussed.
Abstract Solar-driven evaporation offers a sustainable solution for water purification, but efficiency losses due to heat dissipation and fouling limit its scalability. Herein, we present a ...bilayer-structured solar evaporator ( SDWE ) with dynamic fluidic flow mechanism, designed to ensure a thin water supply and self-cleaning capability. The porous polydopamine ( PDA ) layer on a nickel skeleton provides photothermal functionality and water microchannels, while the thermo-responsive sporopollenin layer on the bottom acts as a switchable water gate. Using confocal laser microscopy and micro-CT, we demonstrate that this unique structure ensures a steady supply of thin water layers, enhancing evaporation by minimizing latent heat at high temperatures. Additionally, the system initiates a self-cleaning process through bulk water convection when temperature drops due to salt accumulation, thus maintaining increased evaporation efficiency. Therefore, the optimized p-SDWE sample achieved a high evaporation rate of 3.58 kg m −2 h −1 using 93.9% solar energy from 1 sun irradiation, and produces 18–22 liters of purified water per square meter of SDWE per day from brine water. This dynamic water transport mechanism surpasses traditional day-night cycles, offering inherent thermal adaptability for continuous, high-efficiency evaporation.
A stable, high-mobility ZnO thin-film semiconductor was fabricated by thermal treatment of a solution-deposited thin film from a solution of Zn(OAc)2/2-ethanolamine in methoxyethanol. This ZnO ...thin-film semiconductor was composed of closely packed ZnO single crystals (∼30 to 50 nm) having a hexagonal structure assuming a preferred orientation with its c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. Field-effect mobility of 5−6 cm2 V-1 s-1 and current on-to-off ratio of 105−106 were demonstrated with this ZnO thin-film semiconductor in thin-film transistors.
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome-induced cognitive dysfunction in children. This study investigated the effects of edaravone, a potent free ...radical scavenger, on intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced oxidative damage and cognition impairment in a young rat model of IH. IH rats were treated with edaravone for 4 weeks. Behavioral testing was performed using the Morris water maze, and hippocampal tissues were harvested for further analyses. Edaravone attenuated IH-induced cognitive impairment, reduced morphological and structural abnormalities, and increased the number of mitochondria in the IH rats. Furthermore, edaravone significantly increased the inhibition of hydroxyl free radicals; reduced expressions of superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; and upregulated the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, cAMP, protein kinase A, phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding (p-CREB), B-cell lymphoma 2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampal tissue of IH rats. Our findings suggest that edaravone attenuated IH-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal damage by upregulating p-CREB in young rats.
C-C bond forming reactions are central to the construction of π-conjugated polymers. Classical C-C bond forming reactions such as the Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions have been widely used in the ...past for this purpose. More recently, direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) has earned a place in the spotlight with an increasing number of π-conjugated polymers being produced using this atom-economic and more sustainable chemistry. As semiconductors in organic electronics, the device performances of the polymers made by DHAP are of great interest and importance. This review compares the device performances of some representative π-conjugated polymers made using the DHAP method with those made using the conventional C-C bond forming reactions when they are used as semiconductors in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs).
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