Distributed quantum metrology can enhance the sensitivity for sensing spatially distributed parameters beyond the classical limits. Here we demonstrate distributed quantum phase estimation with ...discrete variables to achieve Heisenberg limit phase measurements. Based on parallel entanglement in modes and particles, we demonstrate distributed quantum sensing for both individual phase shifts and an averaged phase shift, with an error reduction up to 1.4 dB and 2.7 dB below the shot-noise limit. Furthermore, we demonstrate a combined strategy with parallel mode entanglement and multiple passes of the phase shifter in each mode. In particular, our experiment uses six entangled photons with each photon passing the phase shifter up to six times, and achieves a total number of photon passes N = 21 at an error reduction up to 4.7 dB below the shot-noise limit. Our research provides a faithful verification of the benefit of entanglement and coherence for distributed quantum sensing in general quantum networks.Distributed quantum metrology is demonstrated for both individual and averaged phase shifts by using discrete-variable entangled photons. An error reduction of 4.7 dB below the shot-noise limit is achieved when a total number of photon passes is 21.
We observe and analyze multiple Fano resonances and the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) arising from waveguidecoupled surface plasmon resonance in a metal-dielectric Kretschmann configuration. It ...is shown that the simulation results for designed structures agree well with those of the dispersion relation of waveguide theory. We demonstrate that the coupling between the surface plasmon polariton mode and multi-order planar waveguide modes leads to multiple Fano resonances and PIT. The obtained results show that the number of Fano resonances and the linewidth of resonances depend on two structural parameters, the Parylene C and SiO
layers, respectively. For the sensing action of Fano resonance, the figure of merit for the sensitivity by intensity is estimated to be 44 times higher than that of conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors. Our research reveals the potential advantage of sensors with high sensitivity based on coupling between the SPP mode and multi-order PWG modes.
The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) combined with the PaO
/FiO
(P/F) ratio in evaluating the outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in infants ...with severe pneumonia.
This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 150 infants diagnosed with severe pneumonia and treated with HFNC therapy at our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. These patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment outcomes: the HFNC success group (n = 112) and the HFNC failure group (n = 38). LUS was utilized to evaluate the patients' lung conditions, and blood gas results were recorded for both groups upon admission and after 12 h of HFNC therapy.
At admission, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, gender, respiratory rate, partial pressure of oxygen, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, the P/F ratios at admission and after 12 h of HFNC therapy were significantly lower in the HFNC failure group (193.08 ± 49.14, 228.63 ± 80.17, respectively) compared to the HFNC success group (248.51 ± 64.44, 288.93 ± 57.17, respectively) (p < 0.05). Likewise, LUS scores at admission and after 12 h were significantly higher in the failure group (18.42 ± 5.3, 18.03 ± 5.36, respectively) than in the success group (15.09 ± 4.66, 10.71 ± 3.78, respectively) (p < 0.05). Notably, in the success group, both P/F ratios and LUS scores showed significant improvement after 12 h of HFNC therapy, a trend not observed in the failure group. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that lower P/F ratios and higher LUS scores at admission and after 12 h were predictive of a greater risk of HFNC failure. ROC analysis demonstrated that an LUS score > 20.5 at admission predicted HFNC therapy failure with an AUC of 0.695, a sensitivity of 44.7%, and a specificity of 91.1%. A LUS score > 15.5 after 12 h of HFNC therapy had an AUC of 0.874, with 65.8% sensitivity and 89.3% specificity. An admission P/F ratio < 225.5 predicted HFNC therapy failure with an AUC of 0.739, 60.7% sensitivity, and 71.1% specificity, while a P/F ratio < 256.5 after 12 h of HFNC therapy had an AUC of 0.811, 74.1% sensitivity, and 73.7% specificity.
Decreased LUS scores and increased P/F ratio demonstrate a strong correlation with successful HFNC treatment outcomes in infants with severe pneumonia. These findings may provide valuable support for clinicians in managing such cases.
Mandibular deviation affects the biomechanical environment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and causes thinning of cartilage on the deviated side. We aimed to evaluate, using a rat model, the ...effect of mandibular functional deviation on the TMJ in relation to the functional roles of integrin β family members. The effects of experimental functional deviation on the TMJ of 6‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley female rats, randomly assigned to control (n = 42) and experimental groups (n = 42), were evaluated at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks by histological staining, immunofluorescence, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and micro‐computed tomography. The results showed that the experimental functional shift changed the shape of condyles, thinned the cartilage, and increased the proportion of the hypertrophic layer on the deviated sides of condyles. In addition, the extracellular matrix of the condyle cartilage exhibited degradation at 1 week and subchondral trabecular bone was lost at 4 and 8 weeks. Osteoarthritis (OA)‐like changes occurred in the left and right condyles of rats in the experimental group and were aggravated over time. Integrin β family expression, especially integrin β2, was altered from week 1, possibly related to the OA‐like changes. These data may provide insight into the onset of TMJ OA.
Mandibular deviation affects the biomechanical environment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and causes thinning of cartilage on the deviated side. The aim of the present study was to use a rat model to elucidate the effect of mandibular deviation on the TMJ and the functional roles of the integrin β subunits in the context of TMJ osteoarthritis.
Quantum repeaters—important components of a scalable quantum internet—enable entanglement to be distributed over long distances. The standard paradigm for a quantum repeater relies on the necessary, ...demanding requirement of quantum memory. Despite significant progress, the limited performance of quantum memory means that making practical quantum repeaters remains a challenge. Remarkably, a proposed all-photonic quantum repeater avoids the need for quantum memory by harnessing the graph states in the repeater nodes. Here we perform an experimental demonstration of an all-photonic quantum repeater. By manipulating a 12-photon interferometer, we implement a 2 × 2 parallel all-photonic quantum repeater, and observe an 89% enhancement of entanglement-generation rate over standard parallel entanglement swapping. These results provide a new approach to designing repeaters with efficient single-photon sources and photonic graph states, and suggest that the all-photonic scheme represents an alternative path—parallel to matter-memory-based schemes—towards realizing practical quantum repeaters.
Vortex beams are playing an increasingly crucial role in wireless optical communications. Traditional vortex beam generators based on spiral phase plates and metasurfaces have a geometric center in ...real space, which limit their convenience in practical applications. In this work, we propose that the creation of a vortex beam can be achieved by using the bound state in the continuum (BIC) supported by a photonic crystal slab structure. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed structure can be used as a kind of “momentum-space resonators” and thus can generate vortex beams. Moreover, higher-order vortex beams can also be achieved by changing the symmetry of photonic crystal slab, thus paving the way for the application of vortex beams in the fields of quantum information processing and micro optical micromanipulation.
Activation of the sympatho‐β‐adrenergic receptors (β‐ARs) system is a hallmark of heart failure, leading to fibrosis and arrhythmias. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junctional protein in ...the myocardium. Current knowledge is limited regarding Cx43 remodelling in diverse cell types in the diseased myocardium and the underlying mechanism. We studied cell type‐dependent changes in Cx43 remodelling due to β‐AR overactivation and molecular mechanisms involved. Mouse models of isoproterenol stimulation or transgenic cardiomyocyte overexpression of β2‐AR were used, which exhibited cardiac fibrosis and up‐regulated total Cx43 abundance. In both models, whereas Cx43 expression in cardiomyocytes was reduced and more laterally distributed, fibroblasts exhibited elevated Cx43 expression and enhanced gap junction communication. Mechanistically, activation of β2‐AR in fibroblasts in vitro elevated Cx43 expression, which was abolished by the β2‐antagonist ICI‐118551 or protein kinase A inhibitor H‐89, but simulated by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. Our in vitro and in vivo data showed that β‐AR activation‐induced production of IL‐18 sequentially stimulated Cx43 expression in fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion. In summary, our findings demonstrate a pivotal role of β‐AR in mediating distinct and cell type‐dependent changes in the expression and distribution of Cx43, leading to pathological gap junction remodelling in the myocardium.
Chiral materials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are currently attracting great attention for their wide applications in bioresponsive imaging, 3D displays, and storage of information. ...Herein, CPL‐active enantiomorphic hybrids (R)‐ and (S)‐C6H15Cl2NO⋅SbCl5 are obtained by self‐assembling chiral R/S‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride with antimony(III) chloride, giving a 0D structure with SbCl5 pyramids isolated by (3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride cations. The formed enantiomers exhibit brilliant orange emission peaked at 604 nm with photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 71.2%, originating from the self‐trapped exciton emission demonstrated by photophysical characterization. Due to the existence of chiral organic cations, the enantiomers exhibit strong chiral‐optical properties with mirror‐image circular dichroism signals in ground state and obvious CPL activity with the dissymmetry factor glum of 2.5 × 10−4 and −1.6 × 10−4 for R‐type and S‐type, respectively. It should be mentioned that these are the first reported 0D hybrids with CPL‐activity. This work paves an avenue for developing eco‐friendly CPL materials with highly ‐efficient luminescence.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐sensitive enantiomorphic hybrids (R)‐ and (S)‐C6H15Cl2NO⋅SbCl5 are successfully prepared with brilliant orange emission peaked at 604 nm with photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 71.2%, caused by self‐trapped exciton emission of Sb3+. CPL activity with the dissymmetry factor glum of 2.5 × 10−4 and −1.6 × 10−4 is achieved for R‐type and S‐type, respectively.
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