A
bstract
The off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method is generalized to the integrable model associated with the
sp
(4) (or
C
2
) Lie algebra. By using the fusion technique, we obtain the complete operator ...product identities among the fused transfer matrices. These relations, together with some asymptotic behaviors and values of the transfer matrices at certain points, enable us to determine the eigenvalues of the transfer matrices completely. For the periodic boundary condition case, we recover the same
T
−
Q
relations obtained via conventional Bethe ansatz methods previously, while for the off-diagonal boundary condition case, the eigenvalues are given in terms of inhomogeneous
T
−
Q
relations, which could not be obtained by the conventional Bethe ansatz methods. The method developed in this paper can be directly generalized to generic
sp
(2
n
) (i.e.,
C
n
) integrable model.
An effective synthesis technique, named as hybrid layer deposition (HLD) is introduced to promote the crystal growth mechanism by avoiding multilayer formation of the CZTSSe film. Furthermore, the ...doped titanium working as defect healer substantially reduced Voc deficit to 0.278 V and delivered a high efficiency of 12.07%.
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•Hybrid layer deposition (HLD) for solution-processed CZTSSe growth promotion.•Incorporated titanium (Ti+4) as CuSn defect healer reducing Voc deficit.•PCE over 12 % and the lowest Voc deficit of 0.278 V was reported.
The performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin films solar cells is limited mainly because of the two technical bottlenecks, including multilayer crystallization in non-hydrazine solvents, and the presence of severe non-radiative recombination within the absorber layer and/or heterojunction region, resulting in large open-circuit voltage (Voc) deficit. Herein, we show that by adding an environment-friendly 2-methoxyethanol solvent and adjusting the solution processing conditions without inserting any insulating layer between the Mo substrate and CZTSSe absorber, the multilayer crystals can be removed via a hybrid layered deposition (HLD) approach. In addition, we found that the introduction of Ti4+ in CZTSSe can substantially improve the film morphology, increase the grain size and suppress CuSn defects. Consequently, solar cells based on Ti4+ doped CZTSSe film manifest a conspicuous enhancement in the Voc from 0.455 to 0.505 V with the lowest Voc deficit of 0.278 V, JSC from 36.12 to 39.43 mA/cm−2 along with a remarkable increment in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 9.48 to 12.07 %. These results unveil the encouraging prospects of judiciously developed Ti-doped CZTSSe thin-films to alleviate the Voc deficit and boost the performance of kesterite solar cells.
Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is a highly promising photovoltaic material thanks to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, as well as its cost‐effective and eco‐friendly merits. However, toxic CdS ...is widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in efficient Sb2Se3 solar cells, which largely limit their development toward market commercialization. Herein, an effective green Cd‐free ETL of SnOx is introduced and deposited by atomic layer deposition method. Additionally, an important post‐annealing treatment is designed to further optimize the functional layers and the heterojunction interface properties. Such engineering strategy can optimize SnOx ETL with higher nano‐crystallinity, higher carrier density, and less defect groups, modify Sb2Se3/SnOx heterojunction with better interface performance and much desirable “spike‐like” band alignment, and also improve the Sb2Se3 light absorber layer quality with passivated bulk defects and prolonged carrier lifetime, and therefore to enhance carrier separation and transport while suppressing non‐radiative recombination. Finally, the as‐fabricated Cd‐free Mo/Sb2Se3/SnOx/ITO/Ag thin‐film solar cell exhibits a stimulating efficiency of 7.39%, contributing a record value for Cd‐free substrate structured Sb2Se3 solar cells reported to date. This work provides a viable strategy for developing and broadening practical applications of environmental‐friendly Sb2Se3 photovoltaic devices.
Actomic layer deposition processed SnOx is introduced as electron transport layer in Sb2Se3 thin‐film solar cells. An additional post‐annealing can remarkably enhance the photovoltaic performance, thanks to the optimized carrier dynamics under simultaneously improving the properties of SnOx, Sb2Se3/SnOx heterojunction and Sb2Se3 absorber layer. A stimulating efficiency of 7.39% represents the record value for Cd‐free substrate structured Sb2Se3 solar cells.
The effect of metabolic stress on the bone marrow microenvironment is poorly defined. We show that high-fat diet (HFD) decreased long-term Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) stem cells and shifted lymphoid to ...myeloid cell differentiation. Bone marrow niche function was impaired after HFD as shown by poor reconstitution of hematopoietic stem cells. HFD led to robust activation of PPARγ2, which impaired osteoblastogenesis while enhancing bone marrow adipogenesis. At the same time, expression of genes such as Jag-1, SDF-1, and IL-7 forming the bone marrow niche was highly suppressed after HFD. Moreover, structural changes of microbiota were associated to HFD-induced bone marrow changes. Antibiotic treatment partially rescued HFD-mediated effects on the bone marrow niche, while transplantation of stools from HFD mice could transfer the effect to normal mice. These findings show that metabolic stress affects the bone marrow niche by alterations of gut microbiota and osteoblast-adipocyte homeostasis.
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•Alterations of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation after exposure to HFD•HFD shifts MSC differentiation into adipocytes, altering the bone marrow HSC niche•PPARγ inhibition blocks HFD-induced changes on the bone marrow niche•Microbiota mediate the effects of HFD on the hematopoietic stem cells
Luo et al. reveal how high-fat diet (HFD) shapes the gut microbiota to impact the bone microenvironment and regulate hematopoiesis. HFD alters the hematopoietic stem cell niche by increasing bone marrow adiposity via activation of PPARγ2, effects that can be recapitulated via microbiota transfer from obese mice.
Gastric cancer, characterized by insidious onset and multiple metastasis, is almost incurable and has poor prognosis, and also one of the leading causes of treatment failure and death in patients ...with gastric cancer (GC). However, the prognosis of collagen type V alpha2 chain (COL5A2) in GC and renal metastasis is unknown.
Recruited 148 patients who underwent GC. The diagnosis of GC was confirmed by ultrasound imaging and pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were performed to exam the expression level of COL5A2. The statistical methods included Pearson chi-square test, Spearman-rho correlation test, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Finally, this research constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and applied the area under the curve (AUC).
Based on Pearson's chi-square test, Spearman-rho test, and univariate/multivariate cox regression, pathologic grade (P < .001), renal metastasis (P < .001) and staging (P < .001) were significantly related to COL5A2. And COL5A2 expression (hazard ratio HR: 18.834, P < .001) is an independent risk factor of GC. The AUC was used as the degree of confidence in judging each factor: COL5A2 (AUC = 0.878, P < .001), COL1A1 (AUC = 0.636, P = .006), COL1A2 (AUC = 0.545, P = .368), and COL3A1 (AUC = 0.617, P = .019). Through the ROC result, COL5A2 had more advantage as a biomarker for GC than other collagens.
COL5A2 gene expression level might be a risk factor for GC. COL5A2 has a strong correlation with the prognosis of the disease.
Induction of antigen-specific immune activation by the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) is a strategy used for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we find that FimH, which is an Escherichia coli ...adhesion portion, induces toll-like receptor 4-dependent and myeloid differentiation protein 2-independent DC maturation in mice in vivo. A combined treatment regimen with FimH and antigen promotes antigen-specific immune activation, including proliferation of T cells, production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and infiltration of effector T cells into tumors, which consequently inhibits tumor growth in mice in vivo against melanoma and carcinoma. In addition, combined therapeutic treatment of anti-PD-L1 antibodies and FimH treatment efficiently inhibits CT26 tumor growth in BALB/c mice. Finally, FimH promotes human peripheral blood DC activation and syngeneic T-cell proliferation and activation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that FimH can be a useful adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays crucial roles in several cellular processes such as cell proliferation and survival, and has been found to be aberrantly activated in ...many cancers. Much research has explored the leading mechanisms for regulating the STAT3 pathway and its role in promoting tumorigenesis. We focus here on recent evidence suggesting that feedback activation of STAT3 plays a prominent role in mediating drug resistance to a broad spectrum of targeted cancer therapies and chemotherapies. We highlight the potential of co-targeting STAT3 and its primary target to overcome drug resistance, and provide perspective on repurposing clinically approved drugs as STAT3 pathway inhibitors, in combination with the FDA-approved receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, to improve clinical outcome of cancer treatment.
Based on the boundary characteristic of a dc transmission line, the response of transient harmonic current in the line-commutated converter HVDC transmission system is analyzed under various fault ...conditions in this paper. A new transient harmonic current protection scheme is proposed. The discrete Fourier transform is used to extract transient harmonic currents at both terminals of the dc transmission line and the type of fault can be identified by the transient harmonic currents. Two main factors including fault resistance and fault location that affect performance of the protection are also discussed in this study. The test system is modeled based on the CIGRE benchmark including distributed parameters of the dc transmission line. Comprehensive test studies show that the performance of the transient harmonic current protection scheme is encouraging. It can not only identify internal faults and external faults correctly and quickly, but also can respond to high ground resistance faults.
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