It is commonly known that electric and magnetic fields of power transmission negatively and positively influence plants. Unfortunately, studies on these influences are minimal, particularly ...considering the comparison between magnetic field and electric field, on both DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current). This research aims to compare the influences of magnetic field and electric field, both on AC and DC, on rice plant growth. Firstly, prototypes, including the equipment, were constructed to generate AC and DC electric fields using parallel plates of a medium voltage transformer and CockroftWalton circuits. Meanwhile, the AC and DC magnetic fields were prepared using three different diameter current-injected coils. The rice seeds were exposed to electric and magnetic fields for one month, with plate distance and coil diameter variations. The results showed that the rice seeds grew differently according to the respective types and magnitudes of the fields. In the first two days, the rice seed growths exposed to electric and magnetic fields were higher than those without field exposures. However, since the thirteenth day, the rice growth rate with field exposure was lower than without. This study also shows that the influences of the DC electric and magnetic fields were more potent than the AC fields. The averages of rice seed growth decreasing rate for the AC and DC electric fields and AC and DC magnetic fields were 0.00827 cm/(kV/m), 0.01167 cm/(kV/m), -0.13267 cm/mT and 1.99005 cm/mT, respectively. As a general suggestion in sites, rice plants should be avoided from a transmission line due to high voltage direct current (DC) rather than that alternating current (AC).
There is a need for an aqidah akhlak education curriculum that can shape the character of istiqamah students at the elementary school level as a basic foundation for good character building. Thus, ...this research seeks to explore: (1) How is the concept of aqidah akhlak education curriculum in shaping the istiqamah character of elementary school students at the stage of learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation? (2) How is implementing the aqidah akhlak education curriculum in shaping the istiqamah character of elementary school students at the stage of learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation? This research uses a qualitative approach. This type of multi-site study research is chosen to provide a search for the proposed research problem. Data collection techniques were carried out by 1) in-depth interviews, 2) participant observation, and 3) documentation. The data were analyzed with an interactive model consisting of data condensation, data display, conclusion, and verification. Data validity checking is based on four criteria: degree of trust (credibility), degree of transferability, degree of dependability, and degree of certainty (confirmability). The results of this study were found (1) the concept of the aqidah akhlak education curriculum in shaping the istiqamah character of elementary school students at the learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation stages in two Islamic elementary schools in Situbondo and (2) implementation of the aqidah akhlak education curriculum in shaping the istiqamah character of elementary school students at the stage of learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation in two Islamic elementary schools in Situbondo.
Effective construction cost control such as saving construction costs will increase the chances of project success and user satisfaction. The biggest component in construction costs is material. High ...material costs necessitate a review of building functions. Construction savings are made by reviewing the largest cost components in architectural work. Review of material components is carried out using the value engineering method. Value engineering is a method for getting an alternative picture so that the costs incurred are more efficient than the initial planning costs. The application of value engineering to construction projects has a major impact on planning by generating reviews to obtain cost effectiveness. Research was conducted at the Lahairoi Lateri Church Building project located in Ambon City. The aim of this research is to find alternative material substitutes for architectural work and obtain total cost savings by using the concept of value engineering. The use of the value engineering concept is carried out by information phase, analyzing the function of using index function analysis techniques, identifying alternative materials, and evaluating the results of the alternative materials. Research using the value engineering concept on the Lahairoi Lateri Church Building Construction project, Ambon City achieved cost savings of 861,116,841.05 IDR. This amount saves 5.32% of the initial architectural work costs of 16,170,539,500 IDR. These results show that value engineering can eliminate unnecessary costs in church-type building without changing the building function.
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