Abstract
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
(Walbaum) raised for stocking experienced yearly (2011–13) winter epizootics of epitheliocystis. Affected fish were dispersed on the bottom of the tank, had ...decreased feed and fright response, and mortality often reached 40%. Peak mortality occurred within 3 weeks of the appearance of clinical signs, and outbreaks typically lasted 6 weeks. Affected fish had no gross lesions but histologically had branchial epithelial necrosis and lamellar hyperplasia, with small to large numbers of scattered epithelial cells containing 10‐ to 20‐μm inclusions. A longitudinal study was undertaken of one annual outbreak, and lamellar hyperplasia was most closely associated with mortality. The number of inclusions was statistically greater (
P
< 0.05) before and during peak mortality, but inclusions were present in low numbers before clinical signs occurred. Results of histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy supported the presence of a β‐proteobacteria rather than a Chlamydiales bacterium within inclusions. PCR primers to identify Chlamydiales did not give consistent results. However, the use of universal 16S
rDNA
bacterial primers in conjunction with laser capture microdissection of inclusions demonstrated that a β‐proteobacteria was consistently associated with affected gills and is more likely the cause of the disease in lake trout.
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum) raised for stocking experienced yearly (2011-13) winter epizootics of epitheliocystis. Affected fish were dispersed on the bottom of the tank, had decreased ...feed and fright response, and mortality often reached 40%. Peak mortality occurred within 3 weeks of the appearance of clinical signs, and outbreaks typically lasted 6 weeks. Affected fish had no gross lesions but histologically had branchial epithelial necrosis and lamellar hyperplasia, with small to large numbers of scattered epithelial cells containing 10- to 20-µm inclusions. A longitudinal study was undertaken of one annual outbreak, and lamellar hyperplasia was most closely associated with mortality. The number of inclusions was statistically greater (P < 0.05) before and during peak mortality, but inclusions were present in low numbers before clinical signs occurred. Results of histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy supported the presence of a beta-proteobacteria rather than a Chlamydiales bacterium within inclusions. PCR primers to identify Chlamydiales did not give consistent results. However, the use of universal 16S rDNA bacterial primers in conjunction with laser capture microdissection of inclusions demonstrated that a beta-proteobacteria was consistently associated with affected gills and is more likely the cause of the disease in lake trout.
We consider black hole production at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in a generic scenario with many extra dimensions where the standard model fields are confined to a brane. With approximately ...20 dimensions the hierarchy problem is shown to be naturally solved without the need for large compactification radii. We find that in such a scenario the properties of black holes can be used to determine the number of extra dimensions, . In particular, we demonstrate that measurements of the decay distributions of such black holes at the LHC can determine if is significantly larger than 6 or 7 with high confidence and thus can probe one of the critical properties of string theory compactifications.
Various collagenous lectins involved in innate immunity bind to surface oligosaccharides of bacteria and other microorganisms. We have been characterizing porcine plasma lectins that bind in a ...carbohydrate-dependent manner to surfaces of important bacterial pig pathogens including
Actinobacillus suis (AS)
, A. pleuropneumoniae (APP), and
Haemophilus parasuis (HP). A plasma protein with 32
kDa subunits (pI 5.4 and 5.75) bound most isolates of HP, AS, and some APP. Partial amino acid sequences of this protein were similar to mammalian mannan-binding lectins (MBLs). The corresponding MBL-A cDNA sequences obtained by RT-PCR on liver tissue from pigs and cattle were homologous to the
MBL1 gene of mice, rats and the
MBL1P1 pseudogene of humans and chimpanzees. While human MBL-C, the product of the
MBL2 gene, is known to bind various microorganisms, our studies in pigs provide the first direct evidence that MBL-A has bacteria-binding properties, and suggest it may have antibacterial functions in pigs.
Laryngeal neuroendocrine tumour in a horse Koenig, J.; Silveira, A.; Chalmers, H. ...
Equine veterinary education,
January 2012, 2012-01-00, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary
A 13‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with chronic progressive respiratory noise and exercise intolerance. Severe respiratory ...stridor associated with a laryngeal mass was seen on upper airway endoscopy. Ultrasonography revealed an intra‐cartilagenous mass and allowed for a guided biopsy. Histological analysis of the mass characterised a neuroendocrine tumour and the mare was subjected to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis. Ultrasound examination was paramount in making the diagnosis and facilitating the biopsy. To our knowledge, neuroendocrine tumours have not previously been reported in the equine larynx.
Dry spells are a direct consequence of spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and these jeopardise the success of rainfed agriculture by causing crop yield reduction and crop failure in rural ...South Africa. The potential of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to mitigate the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall has brought about its revival during the last two decades. For planning and implementation purposes, it is critical to be able to identify areas suitable for RWH. The paper presents a methodology that enable water managers to assess the suitability of RWH for any given area of South Africa. Previous methodologies developed to assess RWH suitability recognised the importance of the socio-economic factors but did not incorporate them in their assessment. This non-integration of socio-economic factors is pointed as the main cause of failure of rainwater harvesting projects. In this study, in-field RWH and ex-field RWH suitability maps are developed based on a combination of physical, ecological and socio-economic factors. Model Builder, an extension of ArcView 3.3 that enables a weighted overlay of datasets, is used to create the suitability model, comprising the physical, ecological and vulnerability sub-models from which the physical, the ecological and the vulnerability maps are derived respectively. Results indicate that about 30% is highly suitable for in-field RWH and 25% is highly suitable for ex-field RWH. Details of the proposed method as well as the suitability maps produced are presented in this paper. The implementation of this method is envisaged to support any policy shifts towards wide spread adoption of RWH.
We address the question whether the ILC can resolve the LHC Inverse Problem within the framework of the MSSM. We examine 242 points in the MSSM parameter space which were generated at random and were ...found to give indistinguishable signatures at the LHC. After a realistic simulation including full Standard Model backgrounds and a fast detector simulation, we find that roughly only one third of these scenarios lead to visible signatures of some kind with a significance {ge} 5 at the ILC with {radical}s = 500 GeV. Furthermore, we examine these points in parameter space pairwise and find that only one third of the pairs are distinguishable at the ILC at 5{sigma}.
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