Despite the significant interest in pattern synthesis over the decades, the beam synthesis of orbital angular momentum (OAM) has received relatively little attention. In this paper, we present a ...time-efficient method for OAM beam synthesis based on multipole moment expansion. The approach introduces the multipole moment term as a transforming level, which separates the excitation coefficients and radiation pattern. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method through several examples and demonstrate its high capability to synthesize multiplex OAM beams with arbitrary-shaped arrays, ensuring reasonable accuracy. The theoretical analysis shows a significant improvement in computational efficiency and a great reduction in computational complexity compared to conventional synthesis methods. Finally, we design, fabricate, and measure a double-ring concentric circular patch antenna array using our proposed method, and the measured results confirm the validity of our approach. The work provides a valuable contribution to the field of OAM beam synthesis and offers a promising avenue for future research.
For a dramatic reduction of the total cost occurring in the design of large‐scale uniform circular array (UCA) generating multiplex vortex waves, an effective method characterized by an over‐lapped ...domain decomposition strategy of using a commercial toolkit is proposed. In the present method, the time consuming, as well as memory cost, is relieved by the fact that the global analysis of large‐areal aperture consists of several parts corresponding to patches attached to a part of the substrate. Meanwhile, the accuracy is ensured by the fact that the majority of mutual coupling effects in the individual are counted. For validations of the efficiency and the accuracy, both numerical, and physical examples are conducted, where three antennas with 6, 10, and 16 elements arranged in UCAs are numerically analyzed. Numerical results show a great enhancement, especially for large‐scale UCA. Acceleration ratios are 2.93, 3.13, and 7.82 for 6, 10, and 16 elements, respectively. In addition, an exciting enhancement of 15.64 times for the 16‐element array is observed, which comes from the method equipped with a further simplification using the symmetry of structures.
Additive to a pulse compression in angle dimensions, a three-dimensional radar imaging algorithm for static scatters in free space is proposed in this paper. The compressions, respectively for the ...transmitting and the receiving array, are via two-step convolutions of a well-designed kernel with the range images in varied channels. Its critical parameter, a ratio of the frequency of the carrier and the pre-settled detective range, is also well discussed. According to its ambiguity function, we can conclude that the proposed method is better than the conventional MIMO imaging method in resolutions both in the elevation and the azimuth dimensions. Finally, a numerical result validates the efficiency of the proposed method.
Currently, radio OAM waves have broad applications because they have natural orthogonality. In the present paper, we proposed an optimal design of a concentric circular array with multiple rings for ...generating OAM beams with flat top characteristics. Firstly, we introduced a compact OAM antenna using a sequentially rotated configuration and a cost function of the flat-top pattern. Then, an optimization process is designed and conducted, including three independent simulations of sub-arrays, and rooting of excitation coefficients and rotation angles for individual rings. Simulation results show that the optimized antenna can generate an OAM beam with a ripple coefficient of less than 0.6dB on the torus from -55 to 55 degrees, which meets the requirements of flat-top beams.
Abstract
Rationale
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to contribute to esophageal cancer progression. CircBCAR3 (hsa_circ_0007624) is predicted to be differentially expressed in ...esophageal cancer by bioinformatics analysis. We investigated the oncogenic roles and biogenesis of circBCAR3 in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Methods
Functions of circBCAR3 on cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis were explored using the loss-of-function assays. A xenograft mouse model was used to reveal effects of circBCAR3 on xenograft growth and lung metastasis. The upstream and downstream mechanisms of circBCAR3 were investigated by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. The dysregulated genes in hypoxia-induced esophageal cancer cells were identified using RNA-seq.
Results
CircBCAR3 was highly expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cells and its expression was increased by hypoxia in vitro. Silencing of circBCAR3 repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis of esophageal cancer cells in vitro, as well as inhibited the growth and metastasis of esophageal xenograft in mice in vivo. The hypoxia-induced promotive effects on esophageal cancer cell migration and ferroptosis were rescued by circBCAR3 knockdown. Mechanistically, circBCAR3 can interact with miR-27a-3p by the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism to upregulate transportin-1 (TNPO1). Furthermore, our investigation indicated that splicing factor quaking (QKI) is a positive regulator of circBCAR3 via targeting the introns flanking the hsa_circ_0007624-formed exons in BCAR3 pre-mRNA. Hypoxia upregulates E2F7 to transcriptionally activate QKI.
Conclusion
Our research demonstrated that splicing factor QKI promotes circBCAR3 biogenesis, which accelerates esophageal cancer tumorigenesis via binding with miR-27a-3p to upregulate TNPO1. These data suggested circBCAR3 as a potential target in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Graphical Abstract
Hypoxia induces the upregulation of E2F7, which transcriptionally activates QKI in esophageal cancer cells. QKI increases the formation of circBCAR3 by juxtaposing the circularized exons. CircBCAR3 binds with miR-27a-3p to promote TNPO1 expression. CircBCAR3 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis of esophageal cancer cells by miR-27a-3p.
Abstract
Targeting T cell receptor β-chain constant region 1 (TRBC1) CAR-T could specifically kill TRBC1+ T-cell malignancies. However, over-expressed CARs on anti-TRBC1 CAR transduced TRBC1+ T cells ...(CAR-C1) bound to autologous TRBC1, masking TRBC1 from identification by other anti-TRBC1 CAR-T, and moreover only the remaining unoccupied CARs recognized TRBC1+ cells, considerably reducing therapeutic potency of CAR-C1. In addition, co-culture of anti-TRBC1 CAR-T and TRBC1+ cells could promote exhaustion and terminal differentiation of CAR-T. These findings provide a rationale for pre-depleting TRBC1+ T cells before anti-TRBC1 CAR-T manufacturing.
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