Biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium-ion batteries emerge as one of the most promising anodes from sustainable perspective. However, improving the reversible capacity and cycling performance ...remains a long-standing challenge. By combining the benefits of K
2
CO
3
activation and KMnO
4
hydrothermal treatment, this work proposes a two-step activation method to load MnO
2
charge transfer onto biomass-derived carbon (KAC@MnO
2
). Comprehensive analysis reveals that KAC@MnO
2
has a micro-mesoporous coexistence structure and uniform surface distribution of MnO
2
, thus providing an improved electrochemical performance. Specifically, KAC@MnO
2
exhibits an initial charge-discharge capacity of 847.3/1813.2 mAh·g
−1
at 0.2 A·g
−1
, which is significantly higher than that of direct pyrolysis carbon and K
2
CO
3
activated carbon, respectively. Furthermore, the KAC@MnO
2
maintains a reversible capacity of 652.6 mAh·g
−1
after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1.0 A·g
−1
, KAC@MnO
2
still exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a stable reversible capacity of 306.7 mAh·g
−1
after 500 cycles. Compared with reported biochar anode materials, the KAC@MnO
2
prepared in this work shows superior reversible capacity and cycling performance. Additionally, the Li
+
insertion and de-insertion mechanisms are verified by
ex situ
X-ray diffraction analysis during the chargedischarge process, helping us better understand the energy storage mechanism of KAC@MnO
2
.
Late Mesozoic magmatism in eastern China was extensive and closely related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate, but genetic relationship between magmatism and subduction remains unclear. ...Cretaceous magmatic rocks distributed along the eastern coast of China can provide an opportunity to evaluate the influence of subduction on the evolution of the magmatism. Here, a combined study of whole-rock major-trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes as well as zircon U-Pb ages was carried out for the Cretaceous granitoids in Liyang volcanic basin, eastern China. Zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the Liyang granitoids were emplaced in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 130–125 Ma). These samples (SiO2 = 70.8–75.3 wt%) are mainly composed of high-K calc-alkaline granite and granite porphyry. Their geochemical characteristics are similar to I-type granites, with enrichment in LREEs, Rb, Th and U, and negative Eu (δEu = 0.04–0.51), Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies. All samples show negative whole-rock εNd(t) (−9.8 to −5.7) and zircon εHf(t) (−15.7 to −3.60) values (corresponding crustal Hf model ages of 1.40–2.17 Ga), and high radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions. The integrated interpretation of geochemical data reveal that rollback of the Paleo-Pacific subducted slab resulted in lithospheric extension and thinning, and the upwelling of hot asthenosphere in eastern China, which induced more intensive underplating of the mantle-derived mafic magma. The ascent of heat and mafic magma, intruded in Meso-Neoproterozoic crust, and triggered partial melting of the Meso-Neoproterozoic crust. The Liyang I-type granitoids were the result of the Meso-Neoproterozoic crustal components mixing with a small number of mantle-derived magmas in the extensional tectonic setting, which was response to slab rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate.
•The Liyang I-type granitoids consisting of granite porphyry and granite were formed in Early Cretaceous;•The Liyang granitoids were derived from Meso-Neoproterozoic crustal components mixing with mantle-derived magmas;•The Early Cretaceous (130–125 Ma) magmatism might be response to the Paleo-Pacific slab rollback.
Using differential subordination, we consider conditions of β so that some multivalent analytic functions are subordinate to (1+z)γ (0<γ≤1). Notably, these results are applied to derive sufficient ...conditions for f∈A to satisfy the condition zf′(z)f(z)2−1<1. Several previous results are extended.
This study investigates the wetting characteristics, interface microstructure evolution of equiatomic GaInSnBiZn HEA on Cu under high vacuum with sessile drop method to extend its electronic ...packaging applications. Optimal conditions involve a 350 °C temperature maintained for ∼20 min to prevent Bi loss, resulting in a contact angle inversely proportional to temperature and reaching a minimum of ∼15.6°. A dual-layer of Cu9Ga4 and CuGa2 forms at the HEA/Cu interface, consistent with thermodynamic predictions, featuring lower activation energy and growth driven by bulk alloy diffusion. Base on the interface microstructures, Cu9Ga4 and CuGa2 act as diffusion barriers, restricting the movement of other elements while promoting the accumulation of Zn at the interface. The wetting mechanism may be determined by the oxide (Cu2O) removal reaction (i.e., reaction between Ga and Cu2O).
Concentration gradient is important for comparative analysis in the fields of biomedicine and chemistry, especially with the in-depth research of material synthesis, enzyme kinetic analysis and cell ...biology. In this work, we reported a simple coaxial injection microfluidic device for encapsulation of soluble reagents with large-scale concentration gradients in a sequence of nanoliter-scale water-in-oil(W/O) droplets for comparative analysis. The concentration gradients can be adjusted straightforwardly by changing the flow rates of phases in two coaxial channels. The concentration gradients of the components can reach the order of 105. As proofs of this concept, acid-base reaction, L-Ascorbic acid redox reaction and synthesis of metal organic frameworks(MOFs) are conducted using this concentration gradient generator. Nanoliter-grade reagents preparation, reactions and analyses with higher concentration gradients and less sample consumption can be achieved without stopping experiments and changing solutions by using this simple microfluidics concentration gradient generator.
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Mobile phone addiction behaviors (MPAB) are extensively associated with several mental and sleep problems. Only a limited number of bidirectional longitudinal papers have focused on this field. This ...study aimed to examine the bidirectional associations of MPAB with mental distress, sleep disturbances, and sleep patterns.
A total of 940 and 902 (response rate: 95.9%) students participated at baseline and one-year follow-up, respectively. Self-reported severity of mobile phone addiction was measured using Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ). Mental distress was evaluated by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Sleep disturbances were assessed by using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Sleep patterns were evaluated by using reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), weekday sleep duration, and weekend sleep duration.
Cross-lagged analyses revealed a higher total score of BDI, SAS, and ISI predicted a greater likelihood of subsequent MPAB, but not vice versa. We found the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between MPAB and the total score of PSQI and ESS. Besides, a higher score of MPIQ at baseline predicts a subsequent lower total score of rMEQ and shorter weekday sleep duration.
The current study expands our understanding of causal relationships of MPAB with mental distress, sleep disturbances, and sleep patterns.
The traditional lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling method is inseparable from the application of chemical reagents such as acid and alkali, so efficient and green valuable metal recovery technology ...is invaluable. Moreover, the current development of environmentally friendly capacitive deionization (CDI) has been limited by the field of desalination. This work proposes a reagent-free method for the efficient recovery of spent LIB cathode materials, which realizes the green recovery of lithium by leaching lithium ions into the ultrapure water through CDI reverse application. Lithium ions in the leaching solution can be recovered by evaporation crystallization in the form of LiOH·H2O. Studies have shown that the CDI leaching process has a unidirectional selectivity for Li+. The leaching capacity of lithium in LiNi x Co y Mn1–x–y O2 (NCM) materials can reach 42.95 mg/g, but the leaching capacity of other metal elements (Ni, Co, and Mn) was 0 mg/g. The lithium content in the recycled cathode material after the CDI experiment was reduced by 90%, which can be used as a precursor for the preparation of fresh NCM materials. Meanwhile, under the action of current and voltage, the arrangement of bulk graphite crystals in the anode electrode after the experiment changes from disordered to orderly layered, which can be reused in the CDI system or as a high-value prelithium graphite for the production of fresh batteries. This work expands the new application field of CDI and realizes the green recycling of spent LIB cathode materials without using any acid or alkali reagents, which is conducive to the sustainable development of the environment.
•The WE43 sheets rolled at 370 and 450 °C exhibit non-recrystallized structures.•{101¯1} twins and {101¯1}-{101¯2} twins are formed when rolled at 370 °C.•{101¯2} twins are formed when rolled at 450 ...°C.•The sheet rolled at 370 °C failures at a considerably low stain.•The low plasticity is caused by the activity of compression and double twins.
The WE43 sheets are prepared by single-passed rolling at 370 °C and 450 °C with total reduction of 40% and 50%, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sheets are contrastively investigated. The R370-40% and R450-50% alloys both exhibit non-recrystallized structures with high-density dislocations and strong basal texture. Many {101¯1} compression twins and {101¯1}-{101¯2} double twins are formed when rolled at 370 °C, while {101¯2} tensile twins are formed when rolled at 450 °C. The R370-40% alloy failures at a considerably low stain, while the ductility of R450-50% alloy is much higher than that of R370-40%. The orientation of compression twins and double twins is more favorable for the basal < a > slip, then a large deformation occurs inside twins and deformation incompatibility appears at the twin-matrix boundary in the subsequent plastic deformation, leading to the final failure. The low plasticity of R370-40% alloy is mainly caused by the activity of compression twins and double twins.
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•Xinqiao and Taoyuan deposits are typical stratabound massive sulfide deposits.•Colloform (Py1), fine-grained (Py2) and medium- to coarse-grained (Py3) are identified.•Pyrites are ...magmatic-hydrothermal origin.•Stratabound ore precipitated from the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid.•A sedimentary component was involved in the stratabound mineralization.
Stratabound massive sulfide deposits are widely distributed along Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt, in eastern China. There has much debate as to whether these deposits were associated with Late Mesozoic igneous or Carboniferous sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX). Three-type pyrites, i.e., colloform (Py1), fine-grained (Py2) and medium- to coarse-grained (Py3), from Xinqiao and Taoyuan stratabound massive sulfide deposits in Tongling region were investigated using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), in-situ laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and sulfur isotopic analysis. The analytic data indicate that the three-type pyrites have high S and As, and relatively consistent Au contents. The Au, Ag, Bi, Sb and Pb elements are mainly of lattice bound appearance in the Xinqiao and Taoyuan pyrites. Low Au (mainly < 5 ppm) and Ni (commonly < 10 ppm) contents, high Co/Ni (mainly > 1), Se/Tl (mainly > 1) and δ34SCDT (4.0‰ to 5.9‰) values of the studied Xinqiao and Taoyuan pyrites imply a magmatic-hydrothermal origin. High Bi (>1 ppm) and Mo contents, and low Co/Ni ratios (<0.1) of the studied Xinqiao and Taoyuan pyrites reflect a sedimentary contribution to the magmatic-hydrothermal system. Combined with previous results, the Xinqiao stratabound mineralization is most likely to be genetically with the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids by the addition of a sedimentary component.
A new subclass of bi-univalent functions associated with the Hohlov operator is introduced. Certain properties such as the coefficient bounds, Fekete-Szegö inequality and the second Hankel ...determinant for functions in the subclass are obtained. In particular, several known results are generalized.
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