Similarities in sizes, shapes, and physical properties between carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetylene (C2H2) make it a great challenge to separate the major impurity CO2 from products in C2H2 production. ...The use of porous materials is an appealing path to replace current very costly and energy‐consuming technologies, such as solvent extraction and cryogenic distillation; however, high CO2/C2H2 uptake ratio with minor adsorption of C2H2 at standard pressure was only unexpectedly observed in scarce examples in recent years although the related research started early at 1950s, and general design strategies to realize this aim are still absent. This work has successfully developed an efficient PIET strategy and obtained the second highest CO2/C2H2 adsorption ratio for porous materials in a proof‐of‐concept MOF with a photochromism‐active bipyridinium zwitterion. An unprecedented photocontrollable gate effect, owing to change of interannular dihedral after photoinduced generation of radical species, was also observed for the first time. These findings will inspire design and synthesis of porous materials for high efficient gas adsorption and separation.
Using porous materials is a promising technique but a great challenge to achieve high CO2/C2H2 uptake ratio. This work has developed a PIET strategy and obtained the second highest CO2/C2H2 adsorption ratio for porous materials. These findings will promote the development of a new generation of CO2‐selective adsorption technique in C2H2 production and inspire design and synthesis of porous materials for high efficient gas adsorption and separation.
Exploring nonlinear optical (NLO) functional motifs (FM, the structural origin of NLO efficiency) is vital for the rational design of NLO materials. Normal spectrum techniques applied in studying ...photon exciting materials are invalid for NLO materials, in which electrons are not excited substantially but only distorted under laser. A general strategy of determining NLO FM is proposed by comparative studies of experimental electron density (ED) without and under the laser. The in situ experimental ED and wavefunction of typical NLO material LiB3O5 (LBO) under dark and 360 and 1064 nm lasers are investigated. Compared with the initial state under dark, the ED of B3O5− unit at functional states under laser irradiation exhibits remarkable changes of topological atomic and bond properties, confirming the NLO FM being B3O5−. The work extracts for the first time the FM of a NLO material experimentally and highlights the crucial role of in situ ED analysis in studying NLO mechanisms.
A general strategy of determining nonlinear optical (NLO) functional motif (FM) is proposed by comparative studies of experimental electron density (ED) without and under the laser. In situ ED analysis is firstly adopted for an NLO material with typical LiB3O5 as an example. The work extracts the FM of a NLO material experimentally and highlights the crucial role of in situ ED analysis in studying NLO mechanisms.
Chalcohalides not only keep the balance between the nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficient and wide band gap, but also provide a promising solution to achieve sufficient birefringence for phase‐matching ...ability in NLO crystals. In this study, a novel chalcohalide, Cs4Zn5P6S18I2 (1) is successfully synthesized, by incorporating the highly electropositive Cs and the large electronegative I element into the zinc thiophosphate. Its 3D open framework features an edge‐shared by distorted ZnS4, ethanol‐like P2S6, and unusual ZnS2I2 polyhedrons, which is inconsistent with the soft‐hard‐acids‐bases theory. Remarkably, compound 1 simultaneously exhibits the large second‐harmonic generation (SHG, 1.1×AgGaS2, @1.3 µm) and a wide band gap (3.75 eV) toward a high laser‐induced damage threshold (16.7×AgGaS2, @1.06 µm), satisfying the rigorous requirements for a prominent infrared NLO material with concurrent SHG intensity (≥0.5×AGS) and band gap (≥3.5 eV). Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, the experimental result shows that phase 1 has the largest birefringence (0.108, @546 nm) in chalcohalide and meets phase‐matching behavior demand originating from the polarizable anisotropy of NLO‐functional motifs. This finding may provide great opportunities for designing birefringent chalcohalides.
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFR) for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) arising from the muscularis propria.METHODS:A ...total of 35 gastric SMTs arising from the muscularis propria layer were resected by EFR between January 2010 and September 2013.EFR consists of five major steps:injecting normal saline into the submucosa;pre-cutting the mucosal and submucosal layers around the lesion;making a circumferential incision as deep as the muscularis propria around the lesion using endoscopic submucosal dissection and an incision into the serosal layer around the lesion with a Hook knife;a full-thickness resection of the tumor,including the serosal layer with a Hook or IT knife;and closing the gastric wall with metallic clips.RESULTS:Of the 35 gastric SMTs,14 were located at the fundus,and 21 at the corpus.EFR removed all of the SMTs successfully,and the complete resection rate was 100%.The mean operation time was 90 min(60-155 min),the mean hospitalization time was 6.0 d(4-10 d),and the mean tumor size was 2.8 cm(2.0-4.5cm).Pathological examination confirmed the presence of gastric stromal tumors in 25 patients,leiomyomas in7 and gastric autonomous nerve tumors in 2.No gastric bleeding,peritonitis or abdominal abscess occurred after EFR.Postoperative contrast roentgenography on the third day detected no contrast extravasation into the abdominal cavity.The mean follow-up period was 6mo,with no lesion residue or recurrence noted.CONCLUSION:EFR is efficacious,safe and minimally invasive for patients with gastric SMTs arising from the muscularis propria layer.This technique is able to resect deep gastric lesions while providing precise pathological information about the lesion.With the development of EFR,the indications of endoscopic resection might be extended.
Social Health Scale for the Elderly short version (SHSE-S) is a psychometrically sound instrument that comprehensively assesses the social health status of older adults in China. The aim of the ...present study was to establish continuous normative data of SHSE-S.
We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study among 31 communities in eastern China. Older adults aged 60 years and above were invited to participate in the study. Each participant was interviewed in-person to finish a structured questionnaire. The SHES-S score was calculated and standardized for each participant. We split the sample into generation and validation datasets and compared the distribution of SHSE-S score between two datasets. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the SHSE-S score and demographic variables. Regression-based norms were built using a four-step process.
A total of 6089 participants (51.2% females) aged 60 years old and above (mean age = 71.3, SD = 8.0) were enrolled as the normative sample. No significant difference was found between the distribution of SHSE-S standardized score in the generation (N = 2392) and validation (N = 3697) datasets. Multivariable linear regression showed that females, higher education levels were positive indicators while aging, living alone, divorced or never married, multimorbidity were negative factors. The regression-based norm which taking demographic factors into account was established and a user-friendly worksheet was also provided to facilitate the scoring and norming of the SHSE-S.
The population-based regression norm of SHSE-S can be a useful tool for assessing the social health status of the Chinese elderly population.
AIM: To assess the effectiveness of endoscopic fullthickness resection(EFR) and laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria.METHODS: Out of 62 ...gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria, each > 1.5 cm in diameter, 32 were removed by EFR, and 30 were removed by laparoscopic surgery. The tumor expression of CD34, CD117, Dog-1, S-100, and SMA was assessed immunohistochemically. The operative time, complete resection rate, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Continuous data were compared using in-dependent samples t-tests, and categorical data were compared using χ2 tests.RESULTS: The 32 gastric stromal tumors treated by EFR and the 30 treated by laparoscopic surgery showed similar operative time 20-155 min(mean, 78.5 ± 30.1 min) vs 50-120 min(mean, 80.9 ± 46.7 min), P > 0.05, complete resection rate(100% vs 93.3%, P > 0.05), and length of hospital stay 4-10 d(mean, 5.9 ± 1.4 d) vs 4-19 d(mean, 8.9 ± 3.2 d), P >0.05. None of the patients treated by EFR experienced complications, whereas two patients treated by laparoscopy required a conversion to laparotomy, and one patient had postoperative gastroparesis. No recurrences were observed in either group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that of the 62 gastric stromal tumors diagnosed by gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound, six were leiomyomas(SMA-positive), one was a schwannoglioma(S-100 positive), and the remaining 55 were stromal tumors.CONCLUSION: Some gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria can be completely removed by EFR. EFR could likely replace surgical or laparoscopic procedures for the removal of gastric stromal tumors.
Objective
Mental disorders of the elderly population in China deserve attention. Social health is significantly associated with depression. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of depressive ...symptoms and to test the relationships between social health and depressive symptoms among a large sample of community-dwelling elderly adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or above in Zhejiang Province, China. Face-to-face interviews were used to complete a structured questionnaire for all participants. We used the Social Health Scale for the Elderly (SHSE) to evaluate social health status and used the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale to evaluate depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social health status and depressive symptoms.
Results
Of the total of 3757 participants included, 1887 (50.23%) were female, and the mean±standard deviation (SD) age was (70.0±8.3) years. The rate of depressive symptoms was 25.92%. The social health score was higher in non-depressed participants than in depressed participants (raw score 50.7 vs. 48.3,
P
< 0.001). Participants with “moderate” or “good” social health had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with “poor” social health (odds ratio (OR)=0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.66 for moderate social health; OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.60 for good social health). The association between social health and depressive symptoms was consistent across several subgroups.
Conclusions
Social health is significantly inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The SHSE may serve as an efficient screener to identify those elderly adults with social health deficits, but systematic assessment to guide intervention merits further investigation.
A scarce insensitive azide-based energetic compound was obtained. Two structural models were first proposed for elucidation of the distinct sensitivities.
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•Four novel azide-based ECPs ...are prepared via the efficient method.•Compound 1 features scarce insensitivity among azide-based ECPs.•Two new structural models have been first proposed for elucidating different sensitivities.
Energetic coordination polymers (ECPs), as a new class of energetic materials (EMs), have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, controllable modulation of mechanical sensitivities and the establishment of structure-function theoretical models of ECPs to meet different applications remain great challenges. Herein, we designed and synthesized four azide-based ECPs, Cd2(N3)2(datz)2n1 (Hdatz = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole), Cd(N3)2(brt)2n2 (brt = 4,4′-bi-1,2,4-triazole), Cd(N3)2(btzp)n3 (btzp = 1,3-di(tetrazol-1-yl)propane), and Cd2(N3)4(btzb)n4 (btzb = 1,4-bis(tetrazol-1-yl)butane). Because of the existence of consolidated network structures, high-energy linkers, and diverse structural motifs, compounds 1–4 exhibit reliable thermal stabilities, tunable mechanical sensitivities, and considerable heats of detonation (ΔHdet) with the ΔHdet values of 3.390, 3.412, 3.947 and 4.504 kJ·g−1, respectively, which are two times higher than those of commercial LA (lead azide) and the reported AgMtta (AgMtta = Ag(Mtta)n, HMtta = 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole). The sensitivity measurements demonstrate that the sensitivity toward impact of 1–4 displays in the following order: 1 (>40 J) ≪ 2 (8 J) < 3 (2.5 J) < 4 (2 J). In particular, compound 1 features scarce insensitivity compared with sensitive 2, 3, 4 and most of known azide-based EMs. Furthermore, theoretical calculations, structural analyses, and experimental results revealed that the different sensitivities of the four ECPs are mainly dependent on two different structure models for the first time. The insensitive 1 is “body frame structure” model, while the sensitive 2–4 belong to “non-body frame structure” model. Our study enlightens new insights into structures behind mechanical sensitivities for optimizing advanced EMs.
The small intestine is approximately 5-6 m long and occupies a large area in the abdominal cavity. These factors preclude the use of ordinary endoscopy and X-ray to thoroughly examine the small ...intestine for bleeding of vascular malformations. Thus,the diagnosis of intestinal bleeding is very difficult. A 47-year-old man presented at the hospital 5 mo ago with dark stool. Several angiomas were detected by oral approach enteroscopy,but no active bleeding was observed. Additionally,no lesions were detected by anal approach enteroscopy;however,gastrointestinal tract bleeding still occurred for an unknown reason. We performed an abdominal vascular enhanced computed tomography examination and detected ileal vascular malformations. Ileum angioma and vascular malformation were detected by a laparoscopic approach,and segmental resection was performed for both lesions,which were confirmed by pathological diagnosis. This report systemically emphasizes the imaging findings of small intestinal vascular malformation bleeding.
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