Highlights ► We examined suppression of synaptic potentials following spreading depolarization (SD). ► Initial inhibition was explained by a short period of action potential failure. ► Presynaptic A1 ...receptor activation was responsible for the majority of suppression. ► Accumulation of adenosine may link metabolic demand of SD with synaptic depression.
Cortical electro-encephalography (EEG) served as the clinical reference for monitoring unconsciousness during general anesthesia. The existing EEG-based monitors classified general anesthesia states ...as underdosed, adequate, or overdosed, lacking predictive power due to the absence of transition phases among these states. In response to this limitation, we undertook an analysis of the EEG signal during isoflurane-induced general anesthesia in mice. Adopting a data-driven approach, we applied signal processing techniques to track θ- and δ-band dynamics, along with iso-electric suppressions. Combining this approach with machine learning, we successfully developed an automated algorithm. The findings of our study revealed that the dampening of the δ-band occurred several minutes before the onset of significant iso-electric suppression episodes. Furthermore, a distinct γ-frequency oscillation was observed, persisting for several minutes during the recovery phase subsequent to isoflurane-induced overdose. As a result of our research, we generated a map summarizing multiple brain states and their transitions, offering a tool for predicting and preventing overdose during general anesthesia. The transition phases identified, along with the developed algorithm, have the potential to be generalized, enabling clinicians to prevent inadequate anesthesia and, consequently, tailor anesthetic regimens to individual patients.
Using oil–wet polyethylene core models, we present the development of robust throat finding techniques for the extraction, from X-ray microtomographic images, of a pore network description of porous ...media having porosity up to 50%. Measurements of volume, surface area, shape factor, and principal diameters are extracted for pores and area, shape factor and principal diameters for throats. We also present results on the partitioning of wetting and non-wetting phases in the pore space at fixed volume increments of the injected fluid during a complete cycle of drainage and imbibition. We compare these results with fixed fractional flow injection, where wetting and non-wetting phase are simultaneously injected at fixed volume ratio. Finally we demonstrate the ability to differentiate three fluid phases (oil, water, air) in the pore space.
We present results on the partitioning of oil and brine phases in the pore space of polyethylene cores during drainage, imbibition, and at fixed fractional flow injection. We demonstrate the ability to differentiate oil, brine and air phases in the void space.
Image thresholding by indicator kriging Wonho Oh; Lindquist, B.
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
07/1999, Letnik:
21, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We consider the problem of segmenting a digitized image consisting of two univariate populations. Assume a priori knowledge allows incomplete assignment of voxels in the image, in the sense that a ...fraction of the voxels can be identified as belonging to population II/sub 0/, a second fraction to II/sub 1/, and the remaining fraction have no a priori identification. Based upon estimates of the short length scale spatial covariance of the image, we develop a method utilizing indicator kriging to complete the image segmentation.
Improved network flow models require the incorporation of increasingly accurate geometrical characterization of the microscale pore structure as well as greater information on fluid–fluid interaction ...(interfaces) at pore scales. We report on three dimensional (3D) pore scale medium characterization, absolute permeability computations for throat structures, and pore scale residual fluid distribution in a Berea core. X-ray computed microtomography combined with X-ray attenuating dopants is used to obtain 3D images of the pore network and to resolve phase distributions in the pore space.
We present results on pore characterization, including distributions for pore volume, pore surface area, throat surface area, and principal direction diameters for pores and throats. Lattice Boltzmann computations are used to predict absolute permeabilities for individual throats reconstructed from the images. We present results on oil and water distribution in the pore space at residual conditions. We also consider the effects on residual fluid distribution due to the injection and gelation of a water-based gel. In extensive studies of Berea cores it has been observed that introducing water-based gels in the displacement process reduces permeability to water more than to oil. Our results provide supporting evidence for the involvement of gel compaction (dehydration) and oil trapping, while discounting gel blockage in throats, as mechanisms contributing to this effect.
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) or spina bifida (SB) often have executive dysfunction affecting activity performance. With the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) ...Approach, children find their own way to perform activities, using problem-solving strategies and meta-cognitive thinking. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the CO-OP Approach in children with CP or SB, compared with conventional rehabilitation, in achieving self-identified activity goals, and to explore any generalization and transfer effects.
Randomized controlled trial, CO-OP versus treatment as usual, 38 children (7-16 years) participated. Each child identified four goals (to study generalization and transfer, one remained untrained). Primary outcomes: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS). Secondary outcomes assessed executive functions and self-rated everyday-life competence.
Self-rated goal attainment (COPM) was significantly greater for both trained and untrained goals in the CO-OP group compared with the control group. The rating of observed performance (PQRS) was significantly higher for trained goals in the CO-OP group. The CO-OP group experienced fewer problems in everyday life after treatment. Executive functions did not differ significantly between groups.
CO-OP is more effective than ordinary treatment in achieving both trained and untrained goals.
IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
CO-OP enables children with CP (MACS levels I-III) or SB without intellectual disabilities to reach self-identified goals.
CO-OP shows transfer effects to new activities and situations, which may enhance children's self-efficacy.
CO-OP is an important complement to conventional rehabilitation services for children with CP and SB.
This study aims to investigate whether the treatment effects, in terms of goal attainment, transfer effects and impact on executive functions, of an intervention in children with cerebral palsy or ...spina bifida using the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach are maintained over time, from immediately after the intervention to three months afterwards.
A three-month follow-up study, from an intervention using CO-OP. Thirty-four children (7-16 years) each identified four goals (one untrained to examine transfer) and participated in an eleven-session intervention. Assessments were performed at baseline, immediately after the intervention and at a three-month follow-up using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale. Executive function and self-rated competence were assessed at the same timepoints.
Statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in goal achievement were demonstrated for both trained and untrained goals after the intervention and were maintained at follow-up. The clinically relevant improvement in untrained goals continued to increase until follow-up. Self-rated competence increased after the intervention and was maintained at follow-up.
The CO-OP intervention was effective in achieving and maintaining the children's own goals over time. The transfer effect was confirmed by higher goal attainment for the untrained goals.
High-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying stands out among the various processes to improve metal and ceramic coating density and surface characteristics. This paper explores microstructure ...development, coating characterization and properties of HVOF sprayed alumina coatings and compares these with those produced using the conventional air plasma spray process. We report on the characterization of these coatings using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and X-ray computed microtomography (XMT) to explain the behavior observed for the two coating systems. Microstructure information on porosity, void orientation distribution, void mean opening dimensions and internal surface areas have been obtained using SANS. XMT (X-ray synchrotron microtomography) has been used to nondestructively image the microstructural features in 3D at a 2.7-μm spatial resolution over a 2–3
mm field of view. 3D medial axis analysis has been used for the quantitative analysis of the coarse void space in order to obtain information on the porosity, specific surface area, pore connectivity and size distribution of the larger voids in the coatings. The results reveal different pore morphologies for the two spray processes. While only globular pores are imaged in the plasma sprayed coatings due to the spatial resolution limit, highly layered porosity is imaged in the HVOF coating. When the quantitative SANS and XMT information are combined, the different thermal and mechanical properties of the two different coating types can be explained in terms of their distinctly different void microstructures.
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) is a unique, chronic condition found in patients with obesity and chronic secondary lymphedema. It develops due to chronic inflammation and recurrent infection, ...most commonly on gravity-dependent sites. Progressive tissue enlargement, deformity, and disability necessitate intervention. First, clinicians should explore the etiology of patients’ secondary lymphedema, as this is paramount in determining treatment for ENV. The fundamental goal is alleviating lymphatic obstruction. Our literature review of available cases of ENV elucidates Class III obesity as a factor common to all available cases of ENV. As such, weight loss is a key component of treatment. Medical management and weight loss are most effective when combined with physiologic interventions such as compression garments and decongestive physiotherapy. If surgical intervention is required, one of the mainstays of patient management is a reductive approach, aimed at removing excess adipose and fibrotic tissue to improve lymphatic patency and flow. Optimal postoperative outcomes are achieved when patients also undergo physiologic procedures to bypass obstructions and connect functioning lymphatic vessels.
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