The paper presents the coal activation effect as disintegration in the nano-submicron range and destruction carbon structure. The Slovak brown coal activated in planetary mill is characterised by ...destruction of organic structure of coal. The biggest activation effect connected with the destruction of C—C bonds of sp3 carbons has been confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy in the chemical structure of humic acids extracted from the coal sample activated for a period of 60 min. The specific surface of humic acids is much smaller then that of mechanically activated sample from which they were extracted. The black Czech coal was activated by two stage disintegration. In the first stage of mechanochemical activation using Grinding Aqueous Caustic Leaching, GACL method a fine dispersed semiproduct is formed with the size of particles from 2.5 to 9000 nm. The additional disintegration using water jet increases the effect of disintegration in the submicron area of the coal product. The volume distribution maximum achieves in this stage about 60 wt% of 750 nm grains.
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) measurements were made to determine muscle energetic metabolism on muscle biopsy samples of heterozygote malignant hyperthermia (Nn) and normal (NN) ...pigs DNA tested on occurrence of mutation in RYR 1 gene. Biopsy samples (approx. 1 g) were obtained by spring-loaded biopsy instrument (Biotech, Slovakia) from Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle at 80 kg live weight. The spectra were recorded at 121 MHz on a VXR 300 (Varian) spectrometer in 10 mm diameter tube (maintained at 39 °C) for 50 min. pH of bioptates after NMR measurements were also measured at 60 min. The changes in inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosophocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were faster in heterozygote malignant hyperthermia (MH; 29 crossbred White Meaty×Pietrain) than in normal (13 Duroc, Yorkshire and White Meaty). The values of PCr at 20 min and pH at 60 min after taking biopsy allowed discrimination between NN and Nn pigs and significant (P<0.05) differences were also found between two subgroups in heterozygote MH pigs with different rate of post mortem muscle metabolism. The values of PCr and pH as measured at definite time on the biopsies, were significantly (P<0.05) correlated with the rate of post mortem metabolism (pH) and with meat quality traits (r approx. 0.4-0.6). The (31)P NMR measurements pointed to impaired muscle energetic metabolism connected with the occurrence of mutation on the RYR 1 gene in heterozygote MH pigs.
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of glial brain tumours reported that higher grade of astrocytoma is associated with increased level of choline-containing compounds (Cho) and ...decreased levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr). In this work, we studied the metabolism of glioma tumours by in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). 1H-MR spectra were recorded in vitro from perchloric acid extracts of astrocytoma (WHO II) and glioblastoma multiforme (WHO IV) samples. We observed differences between astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme in the levels of Cho, alanine, lactate, NAA, and glutamate/glutamine. In astrocytoma samples, we found higher MR signal of NAA and lower signal of Cho and alanine. MR spectra of glioblastoma samples reported significantly higher levels of lactate and glutamate/glutamine. In contrast, levels of Cr were the same in both tumour types. We also determined NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the tumour samples. The NAA/Cr ratio was higher in astrocytomas than in glioblastomas multiforme. Conversely, the Cho/Cr ratio was higher in glioblastoma multiforme. The results indicate that MRS is a promising method for distinguishing pathologies in human brain and for pre-surgical grading of brain tumours.
Phosphorus fractions in arable and mountain soils and their humic acids Barancikova, G.,Vyskumny Ustav Podoznalectva a Ochrany Pody, Presov (Slovak Republic); Liptaj, T.,Slovenska Technicka Univ., Bratislava (Slovak Republic). Fakulta Chemickej a Potravinarskej Technologie; Pronayova, N.,Slovenska Technicka Univ., Bratislava (Slovak Republic). Fakulta Chemickej a Potravinarskej Technologie
Soil and Water Research - UZPI (Czech Republic),
2007, Letnik:
2, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Soil phosphorus can exist in various inorganic (Pi) and organic forms (Po). Specific determination of Pi can be obtained by fractionate methods. However, the discrimination between the chemically ...different forms of Po in soil is not simple. Nowadays, the method of choice for the determination of various soil inorganic and organic P compounds is 31P NMR. This paper presents the determination of various P forms (available P, total P, Pi and Po fractions) in arable and mountain soils as well as a detailed characterisation of P compounds in humic acids (HA). The highest content of the available P can be found in arable soils with a high input of fertilisers. The predominant part of Pi is included in hardly soluble fractions, mainly in the soil types with neutral soil reaction. Our data also show the correlation between total P and Po, the dominant form of P in the top soil of mountain soils. Phosphomonoesters represent the major types of P in HA structure. The correlations between phosphomonoesters of type I and some humification parameters of HA and qualitative parameters of soil organic matter suggest that higher amounts of more recalcitrant monoesters can be found in more mature soil organic matter with a higher humification degree.
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (
31P NMR) measurements were made to determine muscle energetic metabolism on muscle biopsy samples of heterozygote malignant hyperthermia (Nn) and normal (NN) ...pigs DNA tested on occurrence of mutation in
RYR 1 gene. Biopsy samples (approx. 1 g) were obtained by spring-loaded biopsy instrument (Biotech, Slovakia) from
Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle at 80 kg live weight. The spectra were recorded at 121 MHz on a VXR 300 (Varian) spectrometer in 10 mm diameter tube (maintained at 39 °C) for 50 min. pH of bioptates after NMR measurements were also measured at 60 min. The changes in inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosophocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were faster in heterozygote malignant hyperthermia (MH; 29 crossbred White Meaty×Pietrain) than in normal (13 Duroc, Yorkshire and White Meaty). The values of PCr at 20 min and pH at 60 min after taking biopsy allowed discrimination between NN and Nn pigs and significant (
P<0.05) differences were also found between two subgroups in heterozygote MH pigs with different rate of post mortem muscle metabolism. The values of PCr and pH as measured at definite time on the biopsies, were significantly (
P<0.05) correlated with the rate of post mortem metabolism (pH) and with meat quality traits (
r approx. 0.4–0.6). The
31P NMR measurements pointed to impaired muscle energetic metabolism connected with the occurrence of mutation on the
RYR 1 gene in heterozygote MH pigs.
A multiple analysis of the cerebral oxidative stress was performed on a physiological model of dementia accomplished by three-vessel occlusion in aged rats. The forward rate constant of creatine ...kinase,
k
for, was studied by saturation transfer
31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adult and aged rat brain during chronic hypoperfusion. In addition, free radicals in aging rat brain homogenates before and/or after occlusion were investigated by spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Finally, biochemical measurements of oxidative phosphorylation parameters in the above physiological model were performed. The significant reduction of
k
for in rat brain compared to controls 2 and 10 weeks after occlusion indicates a disorder in brain energy metabolism. This result is consistent with the decrease of the coefficient of oxidative phosphorylation (ADP:O), and the oxidative phosphorylation rate measured in vitro on brain mitochondria. The EPR study showed a significant increase of the ascorbyl free radical concentration in this animal model. Application of α-phenyl-
N-
tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline
N-oxide (DMPO) spin traps revealed formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radical (
OH) trapped in DMSO as the
CH
3 adduct. It was concluded that the ascorbate as a major antioxidant in brain seems to be useful in monitoring chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
L-Tartaric acid was produced by transformation of cis-epoxysuccinic acid using Nocardia tartaricans ATCC 31191 in a molar yield of 100%. cis-Epoxysuccinic acid was prepared by epoxidation of maleic ...acid in the presence of molybdate or tungstate ions. The effect of these ions on the subsequent activity of the cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase was determined in both intact cells and cell-free extracts of Nocardia tartaricans. Based on kinetic studies, the tungstate ions behaved as a strong inhibitor while the molybdate ions as a stimulator of the enzyme.
A mixture of related metabolites (denoted OR-1) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium funiculosum together with mitorubrinic acid. Structurally OR-1 is glyceric acid esterified with ...C14-C18 fatty acids. Steady-state studies revealed that OR-1 behaved like an uncompetitive trypsin inhibitor with Ki 17.6 mumol/L.
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