Abstract
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (
λ
= 1.3 mm). The ...fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars—which typically exhibit steep emission spectra—are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (≲2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
The results of a large number of the antenna radiometric measurements at bands of 92, 18, 6.2, 1.35, and 1.7-1.2 cm are presented by the data of the standard telemetry system of the
Spektr-R
...spacecraft. Both special sessions of calibration object observations in the mode of a single space radio telescope (SRT) operation and numerous observations of researched sources in the mode of the ground-space interferometer were used. The obtained results agree with the first results of Kardashev et al. (2013), i.e., within 10–15% at bands of 92, 18, and 6.2 cm and 20–25% at the band of 1.35 cm. In the main, the measurements for the eight subbands at wavelengths of 1.7-1.2 cm indicate a monotonic increase in the spectral system equivalent flux density (SEFD) of noise radiation with a frequency consistent with the calculated estimates for the discussed model. The sensitivity of the ground-space interferometer for the five subbands at wavelengths from 1.35 to 1.7 cm can be higher by a factor of 1.5, and for the three subbands from 1.35 to 1.2 cm lower by a factor of 1.5 than at the band of 1.35 cm. The SRT contribution to the interferometer sensitivity proportional to the square root of SEFD is close to the design one at the bands of 92 and 18 cm and decreases the design sensitivity approximately by a factor of 1.5 and 2 at the bands of 6.2 and 1.35 cm, respectively. These differences of implemented values from the design ones were not significantly affected the scientific program implementation.
Abstract The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870 μ m wavelength (345 GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet ...obtained from the surface of the Earth and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on intercontinental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in 2018 October. The longest-baseline detections approach 11 G λ , corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19 μ as. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870 μ m is comparable to that at 1.3 mm on the relevant integration timescales between 2 and 100 s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870 μ m. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time.
ABSTRACT We present the first polarimetric space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging observations at 22 GHz. BL Lacertae was observed in 2013 November 10 with the RadioAstron space VLBI ...mission, including a ground array of 15 radio telescopes. The instrumental polarization of the space radio telescope is found to be less than 9%, demonstrating the polarimetric imaging capabilities of RadioAstron at 22 GHz. Ground-space fringes were obtained up to a projected baseline distance of 7.9 Earth diameters in length, allowing us to image the jet in BL Lacertae with a maximum angular resolution of 21 as, the highest achieved to date. We find evidence for emission upstream of the radio core, which may correspond to a recollimation shock at about 40 as from the jet apex, in a pattern that includes other recollimation shocks at approximately 100 and 250 as from the jet apex. Polarized emission is detected in two components within the innermost 0.5 mas from the core, as well as in some knots 3 mas downstream. Faraday rotation analysis, obtained from combining RadioAstron 22 GHz and ground-based 15 and 43 GHz images, shows a gradient in rotation measure and Faraday-corrected polarization vector as a function of position angle with respect to the core, suggesting that the jet in BL Lacertae is threaded by a helical magnetic field. The intrinsic de-boosted brightness temperature in the unresolved core exceeds K, suggesting, at the very least, departure from equipartition of energy between the magnetic field and radiating particles.
This paper outlines the methods used at the ASC LPI for generating instruction sequences that control operation modes of the onboard scientific equipment and describes the means for timely receipt of ...information about the current state of the onboard equipment, thus making it possible to quickly assess the adequacy of the selected modes for the solution of scientific problems and respond to emergency situations. The main points of interaction with other subsystems and their controls are briefly described.
Errors in pointing and sustaining
Spektr-R
are estimated based on the data of star sensors and an angular velocity vector meter, and the calculated values are compared with the observed values. It ...has been indicated that the achieved pointing accuracy is significantly better than the required accuracy and is independent of the number of star sensors used for this purpose; finally, the stabilization parameters correspond to the anticipated parameters. The original method for processing adjustment observations of the space radio telescope in the 1.35-cm range used to find a systematic deviation of 2.5′ of the telescope real electric axis from the nominal angular position has been described.
We present multifrequency VLBI observations of the blazars 3C273 and 3C279 after detecting strong γ-ray flares in both of them. 3C273 exhibited a prominent flare in γ-rays in September 2009 which was ...followed by a strong flare in the 7 mm VLBI core and emergence of a new feature in the parsec scale jet. We have used time delay between flares in different wavebands together with kinematic analysis to determine that the γ-ray emission zone in 3C273 is located 3.6-5.3 pc upstream from the apparent 7 mm core. We have also analyzed frequency dependent core position to measure a deprojected distance between 7 mm core and the true base of the jet: 1-6 pc for 3C273 and 1-3 pc for 3C279, depending on observing epoch. For 3C279 light curve analysis did not give a robust γ-radio delay because there were too many overlapping flares in this source during considered period.
Introduction. It is known that interferon is a cytokine and is a substantial part of the immune system necessary for antigenic challenge immune response full expression. Also it is considered that ...every antigen is an interferon inducer. Interferon induces antivirus response via binding to specific receptors, this receptors can be revealed straight on cell membranes of immune cells. Research objective. To evaluate the interferon inducer ability of some Influenza A virus strains upon indications of receptors functional activity (capacity) to alpha and gamma interferons on peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) induced in vitro by different Influenza A virus strains. Material and methods. The method is based on lymphocytes separation from the venous heparinized blood, with followed by in vitro lymphocytes inducing at temperature 36.5°С in the presence of 5% CO2. Blood samples were taken in different time intervals, labelled by mouse anti-idiotipyc FITCconjugated antibodies, structurally simulated human alpha and gamma interferon, samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde. Interferon receptors expression were performed by flow cytometer. Results. The in vitro experiments have determined the interferon-inducing ability of three influenza virus strains: A/PR8/34 (H1N1), A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2) and A/ Ryazan/6103/87 (H3N2). MPBC blood sample (blood group was 0, Rh factor – positive) was induced by irradiated noninfectious allantoic fluid with hemagglutinating activity. Expression of alpha and gamma interferon receptors (alpha and gamma IFNR) on MPBC was determined by IFNR markers labelled with FITC and it (expression) was estimated by flow cytometer. In parallel we compared expression of alpha and gamma IFNR on MPBC in primed and non primed cells by low doses of human alpha interferon. It was found that expression of alpha and gamma IFNR on MPBC, induced influenza A/ PR8/34 (H1N1) antigen, with high hemagglutinating activity was higher in primed MPBC in comparison with non primed and higher then expression was induced by influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2) and A/Ryazan/6103/87 (H3N2) with lower hemagglutinating activity. It should be noted that IFN alpha receptor (IFNAR) expression on induced by influenza virus strain A/PR8/34 (H1N1) and primed by low doses of alpha interferon, repose on high level from induction point (1 hour) and protract during high level during 5 hours. Evaluation of gamma IFNR (IFNGR) expression level on MPBC induced by different influenza virus strains testify that firstly up-regulation IFNGR expression on MPBC primed by low doses of alpha interferon is absent and secondly up-regulation IFNGR on MPBC bear no relation with hemagglutinating activity of Influenza virus antigen. Conclusion. Experiment results clearly suggest that all influenza strains used carry the interferon induced ability which is possible to see by expression of IFNAR and IFNGR on MPBC induced by described above virus antigens. Rate of interferon induce ability in different influenza virus A connected on one side with virus hemagglutinating activity level in estimating IFNAR and on the other side with virus strains in estimating IFNGR.
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